Du Kang

Du Kang

Du Kang is the king of Xia Dynasty according to historical records. Dukang is the "ancestor of liquor making" in ancient Chinese legend. It is recorded in ShuoWenJieZi of Han Dynasty that "Dukang began to make Shu wine. Also known as Shaokang, the king of Xia Dynasty. "

Because Du Kang was good at making wine, later generations respected him as the God of wine, while the wine industry regarded him as the grandmaster. Later generations used Dukang to refer to wine.

Du Kang's son heita invented vinegar.

Character controversy

Minister of the Yellow Emperor

It is said that in the time of the Yellow Emperor, there was a man named Du Kang who was specially responsible for the management of grain. At that time, with the development of farming, the grain harvest was bumper every year. However, there was too much food to eat, so they could only be stored in the cave. The cave was dark and humid. After a long time, all the food rotted. Seeing this, Du Kang began to think hard about how to store grain. On this day, Dukang went for a walk in the woods and found several dead trees, only the thick and empty trunks. Dukang had an idea and poured all the grain into the dry trunk. After a period of time, Du Kang came to the woods to check the grain. He was surprised to find that in front of the withered tree where the grain was stored, there were some wild boars, goats and rabbits lying, motionless, as if dead. He quickly approached to have a look: the original grain trunk split a few cracks, continuously seeping water from the inside out. It seems that these animals licked and ate the water before they lay down. But what water is it? Du Kang went all over to hear it, and felt a smell of fragrance coming to him. He could not help but taste several strong perfume, and felt refreshed. Later, Du Kang brought the perfume to home. Please enjoy it. You can speak it well with your mouth. In this way, wine was gradually popularized among the people, and Dukang was also known as the "God of wine".

Monarch of Xia Dynasty

According to the interpretation of "Shuowen Jiezi · Jinbu", the ancient Shaokang made Ji, broom and Shu wine at the beginning. Shaokang, Dukang. " It marks the birth of the first dynasty in Chinese history. After Qi ascended the throne, Taikang was barren and immoral, and lost his country after Hou Yi seized the throne. However, Hou Yi was immediately replaced by his confidant Han Zhuo. Taikang fled to the tribe of the same surname, and Hou Yi killed him and supported Zhongkang. The son of Zhong Kang, Si Xiang, fled to Shangqiu. At this time, Xiang's wife Hou Luo was pregnant. She fled to Youshang's family and gave birth to Shaokang. In the hope that he would do something like his grandfather Zhong Kang, she named him Si Shaokang.

Age of life

Chinese culture is always rich and full. When the originator of wine has not reached a final conclusion, people are still happy to make all kinds of strange conjectures. In addition to the above several influential wine making theories, there are also some popular sayings that Emperor Yao made wine and Emperor Huang made wine. Gao Cheng of Song Dynasty said in the book of things Ji Yuan: "I don't know who Dukang was, but in ancient and modern times, it's often said that he started to make wine." According to archaeological and historical records, wine vessels had already appeared in Luoyang in the Xia Dynasty, and the song of the Shang Dynasty (now Qixian County, Henan Province) had the legend of "wine pool and meat forest". In the Zhou Dynasty, the rulers believed that there were many reasons for the destruction of the Yin and Shang Dynasties, and drinking and disorderly morality was an important one. The Duke of Zhou also issued the liquor patent, aiming at establishing and promoting the fine style of liquor. It can be seen that Du Kang, as the "ancestor of wine", lived no later than Xia and Shang Dynasties.

Main achievements

According to the records of ancient books and records, Du Kang's main contribution was to make Shu wine

There are many records about Dukang's making wine in historical documents, such as Shiben: "Dukang makes wine. Shaokang makes Shu wine

In short song line, Du Kang is the only one who can relieve worries. Dukang finger wine

In Shangshu Jiugao, "only heaven can bring down life, and our people can be worshipped in Yuan Dynasty." Kong Yingda quoted Han yingshao's Shiben: "Dukang makes wine."

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Xu Shen's "ShuoWenJieZi · Jinbu" said: "in the early days of Shaokang in ancient times, Ji was used as broom and Shu wine. Shaokang, Dukang. "

In Jin Dynasty, there is a record in Jiugao written by Jiang Tong: "the prosperity of wine originated from emperor Shanghuang, or yunyidi, named Dukang. There is not enough rice, the Commission of Yu Kong sang, Yujie into flavor, long-term storage gas Fang, this is because of this, not from the odd side

In Song Dynasty, Zhu Yizhong's book of wine: "Du Kang made Shu wine."

In Ming Dynasty, Xu Shiquan's "writing about customs" said, "you are Du Kang's descendant of wengtou spring, and I am Chang'e's squeezing out Rouge tears."

In the Qing Dynasty, Chen Weisong wrote the poem "Manjianghong: hearing Ruan Ting's letter of dismissal and sending it to Xiqiao" in which he Qu was gradually separated and Du Kang served as the brew

Zhang Hua's "natural history" says: "Dukang makes wine."

Gu yewang's Yupian says: "wine is made by Du Kang."

Li Han's mengqiu says: "Dukang makes wine, Cangjie makes characters."

The book of wine, written by Zhu Zhu, says: "the work of wine is not finished yet. Yidi is used as wine mash and Dukang as Shu wine. Is this the beginning of Gai Yi's name

"Lei Shu Bian Yao" says: "Yi Di works. Dukang made it

Dukang is the originator of Shu wine in China. According to the Warring States history book Shiben: "xinnv Yidi made wine mash to change five flavors, and Dukang made Shu wine." In the book of Beishan wine, it is said that "Du Kang made Shu wine, which was named after his good brewing.".

The legacy of wine saint

China is one of the countries with a long history of wine making in the world. As early as the Yin and Shang Dynasties, the pictograph of wine had been found in oracle bone inscriptions. By the Zhou Dynasty, China's wine making technology had developed to a considerable level. The process of wine making is recorded in the "notes" and "Zhou Li". In the book "Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic · plain questions" written in the Han Dynasty, it is recorded that the Yellow Emperor discussed wine making with Qibo. In the "wine classic" handed down in the Tang Dynasty, it is said that "Wang Ji recalled the Jiaoge wine method as the classic, and adopted the good wine makers since Dukang and Yidi as the genealogy."

According to the 1991 annals of Yucheng County, "Yucheng has been a famous wine town since ancient times "The brewing industry in Yucheng County has a long history. As far as 4000 years ago, Du Kang, the founder of brewing, invented Shu wine here."

Baijiu, one of the six famous distilled spirits in the world, is widely known all over the world. Unfortunately, the brewing method of Dukang wine has been lost with the development of history. Dukang liquor was able to recover and prosper thanks to the brewing technicians of new China.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, yangcanlou distillery in Yucheng County, Shangqiu prefecture, Henan Province was expanded into Luncheng Dukang distillery in Yucheng County. In 1980, the trademark of "Luncheng" was registered with the State Administration for Industry and commerce, which is the most popular product“

Luncheng Dukang

”It is well-known for its strong cellar fragrance and soft sweetness. It has won the famous product award and golden cup award in the provincial township enterprise system, and was invited to participate in the Beijing National Day agricultural and sideline products exhibition. However, due to poor management, the distillery has been shut down for many years.

Why does Cao Cao have a special liking for Du Kang's wine and write down the famous sentence of "how to relieve worries, only Du Kang"? This is related to his deep feelings with Shangqiu. He studied in Suiyang under the guidance of Qiao Xuan. He was granted the land of Yongcheng, and lived in Zhecheng. He set up his troops in jiwucheng (now Ningling). He was supported by Weizi of Xiangyi (now suixian). He was given the support of Dianwei and Liangxi. He robbed the tomb of Mangdangshan and got the salary. It can be said that Shangqiu was the "prosperous land of Cao Wei". Cao Cao, who lived here, led the war It's common for Yu to use wine to relieve his worries. What he likes most is the mellow dukangjia brewed from Luncheng, and he has won many battles with the help of wine.

In 1968, Dukang distillery was set up in Luoyang City, Henan Province. After Japanese Prime Minister Tanaka's visit to China in 1972, Tanaka said at a banquet, "Dukang is the only wine in the world." Premier Zhou replied immediately that he would like to drink Dukang wine, which will certainly satisfy the prime minister's wishes. In accordance with Premier Zhou's instructions, Dukang distillery gave Dukang wine to Prime Minister Tanaka. Later, Premier Zhou proposed to "revive Dukang and win glory for the country". Later, with the support of provincial and municipal governments, Ruyang Dukang distillery was established in 1975.

The leaders of the party and the state show great concern and support for the development of Dukang liquor. They have repeatedly helped Dukang distillery to solve its problems and have written inscriptions to encourage it. Premier Zhou Enlai advocated "rejuvenating Dukang and winning glory for the country". In 1985, Hu Yaokang, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, was responsible for meeting the needs of local people in Luoyang.

Character evaluation

General review of characters

Among the various opinions about the origin of wine, Dukang is really related to the brewing of wine. His historical contribution lies in the creation of the brewing method of Shu wine. Sorghum wine is made of glutinous sorghum, that is, grain wine. Dukang laid the foundation of China's wine manufacturing industry, and was honored as the originator and saint of wine making, also known as the ancestor of wine making.

Historical evaluation

During the period of the Three Kingdoms, Cao Cao wrote the famous short song line, in which there is a sentence: "generous, unforgettable. How to relieve worries? Only Dukang. " Highly praised the wonderful effect of Dukang wine. Liquor making in ancient China has a long history. It can not be accomplished by one person to make outstanding contributions to the liquor making industry. But Du Kang is a representative. In a sense, Du Kang, the legendary god of wine, represents the spirit of civilization, science and originality of ancient Chinese people.

In the Ming Dynasty, the history of wine written by Feng Shihua said that after Dukang died, people respected Dukang as the God of wine and the ancestor of wine, and set up temples to offer sacrifices, which gradually developed Dukang into a splendid culture. It can be seen that people highly praised Dukang's position in the wine making industry.

Legends and anecdotes

The legend of wine

It is said that Du Kang dreamt of an old man named Bai Hu one night and told him that he would give him a spring. Du Kang needed to find three drops of human blood in the opposite mountain within nine days, and then he could get the most beautiful drink in the world. Dukang got up the next day and found a spring in front of the door. The spring water was clear and transparent. So he went out into the mountain to look for three drops of blood. On the third day, Du Kang met a man of letters who wrote poems to draw close to each other and asked him to cut his fingers and drop a drop of blood. On the sixth day, when he met a samurai, Du Kang explained his intention. Without saying a word, the samurai resolutely cut his finger generously and dropped a drop of blood. Day 9, Du Kang

Chinese PinYin : Du Kang