Communist military commander

Communist military commander

Xu Qianqian (November 8, 1901 - September 21, 1990), Zi Jing, was born in Yong'an village, Wutai County, Shanxi Province. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1923.

Xu Qianqian is an outstanding member of the Communist Party of China, a long tested proletarian revolutionist and militarist, a loyal communist fighter, one of the founders of the Chinese people's Liberation Army, marshal of the people's Republic of China, and an outstanding leader of the party and the country.

Chronology of Events

Born on November 8, 1901 in Yong'an village, Wutai, Shanxi Province (located on the North Bank of Hutuo River, formerly known as Bojia Village).

In 1917, he lost school due to poverty and became an apprentice in a grocery store.

In the spring of 1919, he was admitted to the accelerated class of Shanxi National Normal University.

After graduation in 1921, he worked as a primary school teacher in Yangqu county and riverside village of Wutai County. Both of them were dismissed by the school because they publicized patriotism and anti feudalism to the students. In September, he was incorporated into Sun Yat Sen's guard and went to Shaoguan to take part in the northern expedition.

In April 1924, he was admitted to the first issue of Huangpu Military Academy. After graduation, he stayed in school as platoon leader.

In the spring of 1925, he took part in the first eastern expedition against the warlord Chen Jiongming. Later, he served as an instructor, staff officer and deputy regiment officer in the sixth brigade of the second army of the National People's army.

After arriving in Wuhan in November 1926, he served as the instructor of Nanhu academy Corps.

In March 1927, he joined the Communist Party of China. In April, he served as the team leader of Wuhan Central Military and political school. He once led a student team to attack Xia Douyin's headquarters of the rebel army. Later, he was sent to Zhang Fakui's headquarters as a staff officer.

After 1927, he successively served as the leader of the 6th regiment of the workers' Red Guard, the party representative of the 10th regiment of the 4th division of the Chinese workers' and peasants' revolutionary army, and the chief of staff and division of the 4th division.

In June 1929, he was sent to northeast Hubei by the Military Commission of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and successively served as the deputy division commander of the 31st division of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army, member of the Hubei Henan border special committee of the Communist Party of China, and chairman of the Military Commission of the Hubei Henan border Revolutionary Committee.

In the spring of 1930, he served as deputy commander of the first army and division commander of the first division of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army.

At the beginning of 1931, the first army and the 15th army formed the Fourth Army of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army and served as the chief of staff. He assisted commander Kuang Jixun and other commanding forces in defeating the first and second "encirclement and suppression" of the Kuomintang army in the Hubei Henan Anhui Soviet area. In July, he served as commander of the Fourth Army. In November, he was elected a member of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission of the Soviet Republic of China and served as commander in chief and commander of the Fourth Army of the Red Army. He organized and directed a series of campaigns and smashed the third "encirclement and suppression" of the Kuomintang army against the Hubei Henan Anhui Soviet area.

In October 1932, due to the strong enemy and the error of Zhang Guotao's strategic guidance, the Red Army of Hubei, Henan and Anhui failed to break the fourth "encirclement and suppression" of the Kuomintang army. More than 20000 people, the main force of the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army, were forced to withdraw from the Soviet Area of Hubei, Henan and Anhui and open up the revolutionary base of Sichuan and Shaanxi.

From November 1933 to August 1934, the headquarters took part in the anti "six way siege" in the Sichuan Shaanxi Soviet Area, where more than 200000 Kuomintang troops were fighting.

In February 1934, he was elected executive member of the Central Committee of the Soviet Republic of China.

In June 1935, after the first and fourth front armies joined forces, they were appointed commander in chief of the former enemy general headquarters of the Red Army. He was awarded the Gold Red Star Medal.

In July 1936, after the fourth front army joined the second front army, he became a member of the Northwest Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. In August, he led the army northward again and commanded the Tongwei Zhuanglang Jinghui campaign. After Huining joined forces, the Central Military Commission instructed the Fourth Front Army to cross the Yellow River westward and carry out the Ningxia campaign plan. In November, the Fengjun Military Commission ordered him to be vice chairman of the military and political Commission and commander in chief of the West Route Army.

After the outbreak of the Anti Japanese War, he attended the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau held by the CPC Central Committee in Luochuan and was elected a member of the Revolutionary Military Commission of the CPC Central Committee.

In August 1937, he served as deputy division commander of the 129th division of the Eighth Route Army.

In April 1938, he led the 129th division and the 115th division into the south of Hebei Province to establish the Anti Japanese base in Southern Hebei.

In June 1939, he came to Shandong and served as commander of the first column of the Eighth Route Army.

In 1942, he served as deputy commander of the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia Shanxi Suiyuan united defense force, and later as acting president of the Chinese people's Anti Japanese military and Political University.

In 1945, he successively served as deputy commander of the Shanxi Hebei Shandong Henan military region, deputy commander of the North China military region and commander and political commissar of the first Corps (later changed to the 18th corps of the Chinese people's Liberation Army).

From March to may, 1948, he commanded the Linfen campaign and conquered the fortified Linfen city with most of the newly formed troops. From June to July, he commanded the Jinzhong campaign, annihilated more than 100000 Kuomintang troops with 60000 troops, and liberated 14 counties.

From October 1948 to early April 1949, the sick organization commanded the Taiyuan campaign, served as the commander and political commissar of Taiyuan front command, and Secretary of the General Front Committee of the CPC in Taiyuan.

In October 1949, he served as chief of the general staff of the Chinese people's Liberation Army.

Since 1954, he has been vice chairman of the people's Revolutionary Military Commission of the Central People's government and vice chairman of the National Defense Commission of the people's Republic of China.

On September 27, 1955, Huairen Hall in Zhongnanhai, Beijing, was awarded the rank of Marshal of the people's Republic of China and the first level of 81 medal, the first level of independence and freedom medal and the first level of Liberation Medal. Since 1965, he has been vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the third and fourth National People's Congress.

He was vice chairman of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China from 1966 to 1987. Participate in and lead the army's revolutionization, modernization, regularization and national defense construction.

From 1966 to 1976, he fought with Lin Biao and Jiang Qing.

From 1978 to 1980, he was vice premier of the State Council and Minister of national defense.

He served as vice chairman of the Central Military Commission of the people's Republic of China from June 1983 to April 1988. He is a member of the 7th to 12th CPC Central Committee, and a member of the Political Bureau of the 8th (by election at the 11th plenary session), 11th and 12th CPC Central Committee.

He died in Beijing on September 21, 1990 at the age of 89.

Life of the characters

His father Xu maozhun was a scholar in the late Qing Dynasty, and his mother Zhao Jinluan was a typical housewife. Xu Xiangqian grew up beside his mother. With his mother's labor, his mother became the first teacher in his life. Xu Qian Qian's mother is a devout Buddhist. She is hardworking and kind-hearted. She always accumulates virtue and does good deeds. Her virtuous and helpful behavior deeply affects Xiao Qian. As a child, although his young mind could not understand those elusive and profound things, he knew his mother from the relationship between people and began to realize that people should love each other and live in harmony. His father's behavior also had a great influence on Xu Qianjin. He took his father as an example and treated the people around him equally.

As a young man, Xu Xiangqian studied in a private school for more than three years. Before he finished reading the book of songs, there was a school that did not read the five classics. In 1914, he was sent to tuoyang primary school in Dongye town to study. He loved the school very much, where he began to accept new things. Two years later, Xu Qianqian returned to his village to study in a private school. Even so, Xu's studies failed to continue. A year later, Xu ended his school life as a teenager. This is undoubtedly a heavy blow to a teenager who is eager to read. Xu Xiangqian, who dropped out of school and stayed at home, had no choice but to bear the burden of adulthood too early. From 16 to 18 years old, Xu Qianqian worked as an apprentice in a bookstore in Fuping County, Hebei Province, which was his first social career in his life. Two years of hard apprenticeship, honed his indomitable will and good character of patience. More importantly, during this period, he also read a large number of Chinese classical novels, sprouted the ambition to die for his country, and aroused a strong interest in learning martial arts.

In March 1919, Xu Qianqian was admitted to the first accelerated class of Shanxi National Normal University, which is the first step of his life. What brought him this opportunity was the great change in Chinese history, that is, after the revolution of 1911, he began to set up education for the poor. He not only received systematic intellectual education here, but also was influenced by the May 4th New Culture Movement. After graduating from the National Normal University, Xu Xiangqian wanted to be a good teacher wholeheartedly, but the world was against him, which made him unable to achieve his wish.

Family background

The Xu family in Wutai County has the following she family in literature and the forward one in martial arts. Xu family in Wutai was the product of immigrants in the early Ming Dynasty, which was divided into ten groups in the fifth generation, and Xu Jiyu's own group was divided into two groups. More and more descendants have been living in more than ten villages on both sides of the Hutuo River, such as Jian'an, Dongye, Yong'an, etc. By the end of Ming Dynasty, the family was rich enough to enable some members to further their studies. After the seventh world, some people began to learn from literature and martial arts, and gradually became a famous family in the Qing Dynasty.

According to Xu Yongxin's "Wu Tai Xu's Genealogy" in 1934, Xu Jiyu is the second member of the 15th generation. Marshal Xu Qianqian is the 19th generation of the third part of the genealogy. His name is Xiang Qian, which was changed to "Qianjin" after the failure of the great revolution. However, his father "maohuai, Zijiang, Xiangsheng" is unknown to the genealogists. Liang, Zhao, Zi 2: accept modesty, like modesty. " "Capt. Shou Qian, a member of the staff, is Zhu, a tycoon.". "The word" Xiang Qian "means" Zhi Jing "and" Shi Zhu ". It is recorded in the seven rank genealogy of this genealogy volume: "Xiang Qian, Huangpu (should be PU) Military Academy.". At that time, Xu Qianqian, 33, was the commander-in-chief of the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army, fighting to the death with the Kuomintang troops who encircled and suppressed the Red Army in the Sichuan Shaanxi base area. It can be seen that Xu Jiyu and Xu Qianqian are of the same race and spectrum, and the former is the ancestor of the latter. In his later years, Xu Shuai listened to reports on Xu Jiyu's research for many times and wrote inscriptions for Xu Jiyu's memorial hall, Xu Jiyu's Research Association and Xu Jiyu's complete works. The author found dragon from Beijing Library

Chinese PinYin : Xu Xiang Qian