Morris
William Morris
William Morris (March 24, 1834 - October 3, 1896) was born in Waltham Stowe, England. He was a British designer, poet, early socialist activist and self-taught craftsman in the 19th century. The furniture, textiles, window panes, wallpaper and other decorations he designed, supervised or made by himself triggered the arts and crafts movement and changed the popular taste since the Victorian era. Paradise on the ground, a collection of narrative poems published from 1868 to 1870, borrows the legends from ancient Greece to the Middle Ages to express his heart. He was also an important member of the pre Raphaelite school, but rarely left his paintings.
Character experience
1834-1859
Born on March 24, 1834, in walthemstowe, England.
From 1848 to 1852, he studied at moreborough College for three years, and was personally tutored by Reverend guy for the next two years.
From 1852 to 1855, he studied in Exeter College of Oxford University for three years and met Edward Bourne Jones.
In 1855, he received an annuity of 900.
In 1856, he worked for striet architects. Meet Philip Weber, Dante Gabriel Rossetti. In the same year, he gave up architecture and turned to art.
In 1857, he took part in the frescoes of the student club of Oxford University and met Jane Boden.
In 1859, she married Jane Boden.
1860-1869
The Morris Marshall Faulkner company (MMF) was founded in 1861. The founders are Ford Maddox brown, Bourne Jones, Rossetti and Weber.
From 1862 to 1867, he designed the first set of wallpaper for MMF company. He published his poems life and death of song and paradise on earth.
From 1868 to 1869, he cooperated with arikul Magnuson in Icelandic studies. In 1869, he published translated works "gunnlaugsagaorm stungu" and "Gretel story".
1870-1879
In 1870, a collection of translated poems was published in Iceland. Join in rational socialist political activities.
From 1871 to 1873, Morris and Rossetti became joint renters of Kelmscott manor, Oxfordshire, and traveled to Iceland. In 1873, he traveled to northern Italy with Bourne Jones.
Morris took control of MMF in 1875. In 1877, the ancient building protection society was founded.
In 1878, the Morris family moved to kemscott estate in Hammersmith. Become an honorary fellow of Exeter college.
1880-1896
From 1884 to 1890, he published art and socialism and outline of socialist principles. The establishment of the Socialist Union. Join the political movement.
In 1891, kemscott publishing house was established in Hammersmith.
From 1894 to 1896, he published "the tree of the world", and began to produce kemscott's version of Chaucer, designed by Morris and illustrated by Bourne Jones, which was published in 1896. The source at the end of the world was published at the same time.
He died on October 3, 1896.
Life of the characters
On March 24, 1834, William Morris was born into a wealthy middle-class family in walthemstow, England. His father was a successful stockbroker. Morris entered Marlborough college at the age of 14 and was deeply influenced by the Oxford movement. In 1853, he entered Exeter college, Oxford University, where he studied theology to become a priest. When they were in college, they met Edward Bourne Jones, who was a pastor. They became lifelong friends and joined Lafayette in the future.
His Oxford career made Morris interested in art and literature, especially in all the art, design and architecture of the middle ages. At the age of 22, he inherited an annuity, which allowed him and Bourne Jones to go hiking in northern France and visit the Gothic cathedral.
After returning to England, Morris and Bourne Jones took part in the Gothic renaissance of George Edmond street. During that time, I met Philip Weber. They made friends and started the arts and crafts movement together. Morris first devoted himself to art, but soon turned to interior design.
In 1857, introduced by Bourne Jones, Morris went to visit Dante Gabriel Rossetti, but this pre Raphaelite Godfather made a mockery of Morris's art creation. Fortunately, I met Rosetti's model Jane Bourden. She was born into the working class, but she was weak. She was pale and had long dark brown hair. She was regarded as the embodiment of beauty by her pre Raphaelite friends. After many twists and turns, they married in 1859 and moved into the red house designed with Philip Weber. This new house is for Morris and his friends to show their skills. According to the medieval style, all the household utensils and furnishings are designed and manufactured one by one. The etched glass windows, murals and tapestries are similar to those of ancient churches. When the red house was completed in 1861, Morris decided to set up a partnership, MMF, to develop his private interest into business.
With the in-depth study of medieval art and design and inspired by John Ruskin's theory, Morris advocates the natural aesthetic function of craftsman's subjective initiative. He was determined to revive the handicraft tradition that he thought had been almost destroyed by the industrial revolution, and vigorously advocated manual labor, in which craftsmen could enjoy their masterpieces.
Morris further hopes that exquisite furnishings should not only be limited to the rich, but also enter the homes of ordinary people. However, these two goals are usually contradictory. The price of handmade products is far higher than that of machine-made products. Morris's products are generally the most expensive on the market.
In the mid-1860s, Morris devoted himself to wallpaper design, the most famous of which are scaffolding, daisies and fruits. The trellis was Morris's first wallpaper design. It was made in 1864 and used in the red house. It was moved out in 1865. Morris couldn't draw birds, so Philip Weber added the necessary birds to it.
In 1875, MMF company broke up, and Morris established Morris Company to gain full control of independent production. At the peak of his creation, he developed and perfected many printing patterns in the early 19th century. At first, Morris focused on the use of vegetable dyes in printing and dyeing, production outsourcing.
He made lifelong friends and partners with Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Edward Burne Jones, Ford Madox brown and Philip Webb. Together with his friends, he founded the former Rafael brotherhood, resisted the kitsch of decorative arts and industrial manufacturing of architecture, advocated the return of handicrafts, and promoted craftsmen to the status of artists. He believes that art should be affordable to the common people, manual, art media should not be inferior.
He has two daughters, Jane and Mary.
Morris felt that the industrial products on display at the 1851 world's fair were too rough. Together with Ruskin and Pugin, he led the arts and crafts movement. Morris became the leader of the arts and crafts movement and strongly advocated the restoration of handicrafts. The MMF chamber of Commerce was established in Red Lion square, London. MMF chamber of Commerce (Morris. Marshall, fanlker) in the early 1861, he specialized in the production of New Gothic style and medieval style design, and later began to develop more organic style. The furniture produced in the later period can be roughly divided into two categories: A. class furniture; B. work-day furniture
Creative works
[painting name] La Belle Iseult
[creation time] 1858
Oil painting
[material medium] oil color, oil painting cloth
[picture size] 718x502mm
[frame size] 960x755x61mm
Tate Art Gallery
The beautiful Isolde is believed to be the only oil painting by Morris. The protagonist in the painting is Jane Boden, who wears a medieval dress and was once mistaken for representing Guinevere, King Arthur's wife. It is called Guinevere the queen. However, recent studies have pointed out that it is actually a depiction of Isolde who mourns Tristan's departure in Tristan and Isolde.
Although Morris is a painter, he is mainly devoted to arts and crafts. He uses Bern Jones's paintings to make beautiful woolen blankets
, engaged in painting glass, pottery, furniture, book binding and other aspects of the work. In addition to these works, we should not forget that he took part in the "socialist movement of beauty" centered on Ruskin. It is said that "the contradiction of modern society and the ugliness of life are the inevitable result of the excessive prosperity of mechanical civilization and material civilization". It is necessary to give beautiful things and artistic things to the souls of people who are desolated by material civilization. If people's hearts are moistened, social problems will naturally be solved. Therefore, daily household appliances, furniture, clothes and so on must be made cheap and good quality, therefore, arts and crafts has become an important aspect. critic
Chinese PinYin : Mo Li Si
Morris
