Cheng Jufu

Cheng Jufu

Cheng Jufu (May 30, 1249 to August 14, 1318) was originally named Wenhai. Because he avoided the name taboo of Haishan in Wuzong of Yuan Dynasty, he changed his name to xuelou and yuanzhai. Jianchangjun (now Nancheng of Jiangxi Province) was born in Jingshan County of Yingzhou (now Hubei Province). He was a famous official and writer in Yuan Dynasty.

Cheng Jufu and Wu Cheng have been in the same family since he was young. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, he came down to the Yuan Dynasty with his uncle and became a proton. Thanks to the appreciation of Yuan Shizu, I moved to Jixian. In the 19th year of the Zhiyuan Dynasty (1282), Chen Wushi was invited to build Guoxue, to visit Jiangnan Yiyi, and to take part in the north and south. His suggestions were adopted. In the 24th year of the Zhiyuan Dynasty (1287), he paid homage to the censor and carried out the affairs of the censor. He recommended Zhao Mengfu and other 20 people in Jiangnan, and they were promoted. Sang Ge, the prime minister, was under dictatorship. Cheng Jufu went to Shanghai to remonstrate and was killed several times. Later, he served as a visiting envoy of Su Zhenglian and a scholar of Hanlin, and participated in the compilation of Cheng Zong Shi Lu and Wu Zong Shi Lu. Yan you died in 1318, 70. In the second year of TAIDING (1325), he was given the title of "Wen Xian" to the great situ, the state of Zhu and the Duke of Chu.

Cheng Jufu was a famous official in four dynasties. His articles were elegant and his poems were upright and magnificent. There are thirty volumes of snow tower collection.

Source: Sancai tuhui

Life of the characters

The beginning of official career

Cheng Jufu was born on April 17, the ninth year of emperor LiZong of Song Dynasty (May 30, 1249).

Cheng Jufu began to study at the age of five. Because of his elders' earnest instruction and profound family background, he has been outstanding since his childhood. He is quick in writing and reading. At the age of 17, he began to learn from Mr. Hu Ziming, Mr. Longyuan. At the age of 19, he began to study in Linru college, Linchuan. He studied from Mr. Cheng ruoyong, Mr. Hui'an. He is a classmate with Hanlin bachelor Wu Cheng. They are all three disciples of educator Li Xun.

In 1275, his uncle Cheng feiqing served as the general judge of Jianchang Army (now Nancheng County, Jiangxi Province), so Cheng Jufu came with his uncle to live in Nancheng. In the second year of Deyou (1276), the yuan army attacked Nancheng, and Cheng feiqing offered the city to surrender to yuan. Because Cheng Jufu was the heir of his uncle, he came to Beijing as a hostage.

During the Zhiyuan period (1264-1294), Cheng Jufu was granted the title of general Xuanwu and the title of commander in chief. Kublai Khan, Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty, summoned Cheng Jufu and asked him why Jia Sidao was a man. Kublai Khan was very pleased with his detailed response. Kublai Khan asked him to write a letter to see his ability. He immediately wrote more than 20 pieces of letters and submitted them. Kublai Khan was very surprised. He asked him what his position was, and he reported that it was 1000 households. Kublai Khan said to his nearest Minister: "I think this man's appearance should be very important. Listening to his remarks, he is really smart and insightful, and can be arranged as a Hanlin. " Soon after, Huo Chuanzhi called him to the Imperial Academy. Seeing that he was young, he appointed him as the official of the Imperial Academy. Kublai Khan told him: "from then on, the gains and losses of the country's political affairs, and the evil proofs of the courtiers, should be explained by the skin." "I'm a distant minister. I'm grateful to you for your kindness. I dare not try my best to repay your majesty," he said Cheng Jufu's outspoken speech won Kublai Khan's trust. Soon after, he was promoted to Hanlin Xiuzhuan, and then served as a direct Bachelor of Jixian and a secretary.

Show your head

Cheng Jufu was one of the first southerners to be put in important position since the founding of the Yuan Dynasty, which was inseparable from his opportunities, talents, loyalty, familiarity with the rules and regulations, familiarity with the situation in the south of the Yangtze River, and ability to communicate with the adherents of the Southern Song Dynasty.

At that time, the yuan court divided the people into five classes: Mongolian, Xianbei, Semu, Han (in the Central Plains) and Southern Han (in the south of the Yangtze River). Originally, the Southern Han people had a higher level of education, but because they were in the Southern Song Dynasty, the Yuan government intended to suppress and discriminate against them.

In order to change this situation, in 1282, Cheng Jufu performed five things

1、 He will be an official in Jiangnan;

2、 The choice of the north and the South;

3、 Li Kao Gong Li;

4、 To set up a corruption register;

5、 It provides staff and salary for Jiangnan officials.

The purpose of these five things is to make sure that people from the south of the Yangtze River and people from the north of the Yangtze River have the same opportunities to be selected and promoted, enjoy the same rights and benefits, and formulate regulations. Both people from the South and people from the North should be rewarded for their meritorious service and punished for their corruption and perversion of the law. The court basically adopted his suggestion.

In the 20th year of Zhiyuan (1283), he was a Bachelor of jiahanlin Jixian Academy.

In the 23rd year of Zhiyuan Dynasty (1286), he proposed to Kublai: "first of all, we should build Guoxue, and request to send envoys to Jiangnan to search and visit Yiyi. Both Yushitai and yinchasi should consider the use of people from the north and the south. " Kublai Khan readily agreed. The next year, when he established the Ministry of minister, Kublai Khan issued an imperial edict to take him as an official, and he repeatedly refused. Kublai Khan plans to appoint him as Zhongcheng. Taichen said: "Cheng Jufu is a southerner. Besides, he is young and can not be reused." Kublai said angrily, "if you haven't used southerners, how do you know they are not available. From now on, the provincial, Ministry, Taiwan and people's courts must take part in the use of southerners. " As a result, Cheng kufu continued to serve the Yushitai as a master of Jixian. Soon after, the imperial court sent him to the south of the Yangtze River to collect talents.

At first, the imperial edicts were written in Mongolian characters. Since he decided to send people to the south of the Yangtze River to search for Yiyi, Kublai Khan specially ordered that the imperial edicts could be written in Chinese characters. Before leaving, he said to Cheng Jufu, "I've heard that Zhao Mengfu and Ye Li are famous for a long time. Please be sure to recruit them." After Cheng Jufu arrived in Jiangnan, he not only invited two people to Beijing, but also recommended more than 20 people, such as Yu Xing, Wan yi'e, Zhang Bochun, Hu Mengkui, and so on. They all arranged the posts of Taiwan constitution and literature. After returning to the imperial court, Cheng Jufu played to Kublai Khan what he saw in the civil administration, hoping that the government would improve, which is objectively conducive to the alleviation of class contradictions. The measures of recommending Nanren to be an official and his attitude and action of being polite and virtuous, promoting Confucianism and valuing culture greatly eased the ethnic conflicts between the Mongolians and the Hans, and made the Mongolians gradually accept the high culture of the Hans. Later, the yuan court was able to resume the imperial examination, editing books and other cultural and educational undertakings, all of which had something to do with Cheng Jufu's opinions.

It's a great responsibility

In the 26th year of Zhiyuan (1289), sang Ge, the prime minister, was in power. His laws were harsh and urgent, and there was turmoil in all directions. Cheng Jufu was the censor of Jiangnan Xingtai at that time. He resolutely went to Shangshu and asked to persuade Sangge. He met Kublai Khan and said, "I heard that the most important thing about the duty of the son of heaven is to choose the prime minister. The most important thing in the prime minister's post is to promote the virtuous and the capable. If we don't take the promotion of the virtuous as the urgent task, but only use our mind to increase wealth, it's not for the sake of virtue and the people. When Emperor Wen of the former Han Dynasty asked the Prime Minister Zhou Bo about prison and money, Zhou Bo could not answer. In conclusion, we should ask Ting Wei about punishment and prison, and the internal history of millet administration about money and grain. Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty was not happy because the prime minister wanted to manage Yin and Yang, obey everything, pacify the four barbarians, and attach importance to the common people. This is the duty of the prime minister. Nowadays, most of the officials in Jiangnan are greedy for money. I think it's good for the country to get rid of the officials who are greedy for profits and promote the policy of serving the people. " When sang Ge heard that he was very angry, he left him in the capital and did not put him back to Jiangnan. He asked him to kill him six times, but Kublai Khan did not allow him.

In the thirtieth year of Zhiyuan (1293), Cheng Jufu was appointed as suzhenglian visiting envoy of minhaidao. He set up a school and paid attention to education. For a time, his officials were afraid of his strict law and discipline, and the people loved him.

In the fourth year of Dade (1300), he was transferred to the post of visiting envoy of daosu in Hubei Province. When he took office, he first dealt with a domestic slave who was harmful to the people in the family of xingshengpingzhangshi, causing a shock and a moment of awe. At that time, he paid attention to selecting talents. For example, jieyusi, a native of Fucheng in Longxing (now Fengcheng in Jiangxi Province), was diligent and eager to learn. At this time, he was wandering in Hunan and Han Dynasties. When Cheng Jufu heard that there was such a studious young man, he immediately summoned him to recite his poems and articles. He praised him greatly. After his recommendation, jieyusi became the editor of national history and became a scholar in the Imperial Academy. He made great achievements in literature and history.

In the eighth year of Dade (1304), Cheng Jufu was worshipped as an academician and participated in the deliberation of the Central Committee of the CPC.

In the 10th year of Dade (1306), due to drought and storms, the stars changed. In response to the imperial edict, Cheng Jufu played out Chen's strategy of eliminating disasters. He put forward five principles: respecting heaven, respecting ancestors, clearing heart, holding body and changing spirit. Cheng Zong thought it was right and adopted it. At that time, the Minister of Yunnan Province proposed that the emperor Shizu had personally invaded Yunnan, and the people were willing to carve stones in Diancangshan to record their merits. Chengzong ordered Cheng Jufu to write an article.

In the 11th year of Dade (1307), Cheng Jufu was appointed as the visiting envoy of Su Zhenglian in the North Road of Nanjiang mountain, and then returned to be an academician. When Chengzong collapsed, he was ordered to revise the record of Chengzong.

In 1308, Cheng Zong Shi Lu was completed. The next year, Shangdu (now the Northeast Bank of Zhenglan Banner in Inner Mongolia).

In 1310, Cheng Jufu returned to the post of suzhenglian visiting envoy of Shannan Jiangbei Road, and transferred to the post of suzhenglian visiting envoy of Donghai Youdao Road, Zhejiang Province.

In the first year of Huangqing (1312), he majored in Wu Zong Shi Lu.

In the second year of Huangqing (1313), Cheng Jufu wrote six stories about Chen Sanglin in response to the imperial edict, touching the prime minister's will. The next day, the benevolent sect's officials went to comfort him and said, "Zhongshu and Shengji are discussing, but what Qing said is the most appropriate. I hope I can speak freely in the future, and I don't have to worry about it." So Cheng Jufu and Li Meng, the Prime Minister of Pingzhang, discussed politics together. Xu Shijing wanted to promote the Gongju method. Cheng Jufu suggested that "the study of Confucian classics should be the master of Cheng Yi's and Zhu Xi's Commentaries" and "the article should change the old malpractice of Tang and Song Dynasties". So Renzong ordered Cheng Jufu to draft an imperial edict to carry out his ideas.

Return home

In March of the second year of emperor Qing's reign (1313), Cheng Jufu sought to return to his hometown after his old illness, but he was not allowed to do so. Imperial edict by the doctor to drug treatment, arranged for his son Cheng Daben for suburban ancestral Department order, in order to serve nearby.

Chinese PinYin : Cheng Ju Fu