Liu Yin

Liu Rushi

Liu Rushi (1618-1664), whose real name is Yang AI, is also known as hedongjun. Because he read the Song Dynasty Xin Qiji's congratulation to the bridegroom: "I see the green mountains are charming, and I expect the green mountains to see me like this", he called himself so. He is from Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province. Together with Ma Xianglan, Bian Yujing, Li Xiangjun, Dong Xiaowan, Gu Hengbo, Kou baimen and Chen Yuanyuan, they are called "Qinhuai eight beauties". Later, he married Qian Qianyi, a great talent of Ming Dynasty, who was known as "the scholar of heaven" and "the contemporary writer". Poetesses in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.

Liu Rushi was a famous gifted geisha girl in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. She was intelligent and studious when she was young. However, because of her poor family, she was sold to Wujiang as a maid from childhood. When she was young, she fell into zhangtai and changed her name to Liu Yin. She traveled between Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Jinling in troubled times. The main works left are "grass on the lake", "Wuyin grass" and "letters". In addition, Liu Rushi has deep feelings of home and country and political ambition. Xu Tianxiao once commented that "his lofty ambition, generous actions, euphemistic and fierce words are not the way of a true patriot."

Overview of image sources

Life of the characters

In 1618, Liu Rushi was born in Wanli of Ming Dynasty. Later, he was trafficked. Unfortunately, his childhood was not clear. In 1628, Liu Rushi was adopted by Xu fo, a famous prostitute in Jiangnan. Liu Rushi is not infatuated with it. In 1632, Liu Rushi married Zhou, a bachelor over the age of Huajia, as a concubine. Zhou Zhuangyuan was born, and he often held her on his knee and taught her to read poetry. The other wives and concubines were jealous. After Zhou's death, Liu Rushi was forced to go down the hall and resume the old business of brothel. In Renshen (1632), the fifth year of Chongzhen reign in the Ming Dynasty, Liu Rushi was exiled in Songjiang. He changed his old name and called himself "Yinglian" to show his self pity. In Songjiang, he often talked about the current situation, wrote poems and sang songs with people in Confucianists' clothes. Liu Rushi had a relationship with Li Daiwen, song Zhengyu, Chen Zilong, etc., but he was hindered by feudal ethics. One of them is a love affair with Chen Zilong. They live in the South Tower of Songjiang River for a long time, writing poems against each other and singing to each other. Unfortunately, the beauty of the south tower is not long, Chen Zilong yuan and Zhang's lead people to the south tower. Not willing to be humiliated, Liu Rushi left sadly and resolutely. Even so, Chen Zilong still does not give up on Liu Rushi. However, Chen Zilong was defeated and died in the anti Qing uprising. Liu Rushi is very demanding in choosing her son-in-law. Many famous people propose to her, but she doesn't like it. Some of them just stay in the stage of friendship. In 1638, at the age of 20, Liu Rushi met Qian Qianyi, the Minister of rites of the former imperial court and a 28-year-old visiting scholar. In 1640, Liu Rushi met Qian Qianyi again in the name of "Liu Ru Shi" and "Liu Ru Shi". Qian said "this is what I heard" in the banye hall where he lived Another "I smell room" was built to echo Liu Rushi's name. And with Liu Rushi wandering in the lake scenery, poetry and wine company. Liu Rushi felt his deep affection and was willing to marry Qian Qianyi, who was already over 50 years old. In 1641, Liu Rushi married Qian Qianyi, a famous official and leader of Donglin. After Qian Qianyi married Liu, he built the magnificent "Jiangyun building" and "Hongdou hall" in Yushan for her. They lived together in jiangyunlou and enjoyed reading and discussing poetry. Qian Qianyi jokingly called Liu Rushi "Liu Confucian scholar". Liu Rushi had a daughter. When Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself and the Qing army occupied Beijing, the Hongguang court was built in Nanjing. Liu Rushi supported Qian Qianyi to become the Minister of rites in Nanming Dynasty. Before long, when the Qing army went down to the south, Liu Rushi urged Qian Qianyi to throw into the water with him to die for his country. Qian Qianyi was speechless. Finally, he went to the pool and tried to get into the water. He said, "the water is too cold to go down." Liu Rushi "tried to sink into the pool, but he gave Qian Qianyi a firm support. So Qian Qianyi was shy and gave up. Qian Qianyi went to Beijing in Qing Dynasty, while Liu Rushi stayed in Nanjing. Qian Qianyi became the Minister of rites and academician of the Qing Dynasty. Because of the influence of Liu Rushi, he said he was ill and left half a year later. In 1647, Qian Qianyi was arrested and jailed for Huang Yuqi's anti Qing case. In 1648, Liu Rushi ran around and rescued Qian Qianyi. Liu Rushi bribed him to rescue him from prison when he was ill, and encouraged him to contact Zheng Chenggong, Zhang Huangyan, Qu Shizhen, Wei Geng and others who were still resisting. Liu Rushi did her best to support and comfort the anti Qing volunteers, which showed her strong patriotic national integrity. Qian Qianyi's surrender to the Qing Dynasty should have been criticized by later generations, but Liu Rushi's righteous deeds diluted people's antipathy towards him. On May 24, 1664, Qian Qianyi died. After Qian Qianyi's death, the villagers gathered together to seize his property. Liu Rushi killed himself with a piece of silk in order to protect Qian Qianyi's property. Although the villains were scared away, a generation of talented women ended their lives in this way. He was 46 years old. Liu Rushi died and was buried in Fushui villa, Yushan. His daughter is 17 years old and has married the son of Zhao Yusen in Wuxi.

Main works

Wu yincao, Liu Rushi's poems, miscellaneous records of Hongdou village, Meihua Jiju, Dongshan Huichang, etc. "Moon smoke willow scroll"

Commemoration of later generations

Liu Rushi's tomb is located in huayuanbang, fushuiyan, Yushan, Changshu, to the west of Qian Qianyi's Muzhai tomb. The tombstone is engraved with the five characters "Tomb of Hedong king". Since he was buried in the third year of Kangxi, Jiaqing of the Qing Dynasty often knew that Chen Wenshu had rebuilt the tomb mound. In the early days of the Anti Japanese War and the founding of the people's Republic of China, they were robbed and excavated. It has been more than 330 years and is now well preserved. "another biography of Liu Rushi" (formerly known as the proof of Qian Liu's poems on fate)

Character evaluation

Overall evaluation

Liu Rushi was a famous gifted female geisha who lived in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. She has a strong personality, integrity, intelligence and great courage. In terms of literary and artistic talent, she is known as the head of "Qinhuai eight beauties". Calligraphy and painting are also well-known. Her paintings are skillful, simple and elegant, and her calligraphy has won the praise of later generations. She called it "an iron hand with silver hooks, who once collected the wonderful trace". In addition, as a woman in traditional society, Liu Rushi has deep feelings of family and country and political ambition. Among them, Zhang Pu, Chen Zilong and Li cunwo are all the people with strong national character. Liu Rushi often talked with them about the rise and fall of the world. When he was in Shengze, Liu Rushi once told Zhang Pu: "the central plains are in a state of turmoil. It's time for great heroes to come out to suppress the rebellion and resist the aggression. It should be like Xie Dongshan's strategy to defeat the enemy, not like Tao Jingjie's brilliant spirit. If I am a man, I will save the nation from subjugation and serve my country with my own life

Celebrity Reviews

Shen Qiu's biography of Hedong Jun said: "she knows books, is good at poetry, divides topics and rhymes, and makes things harmonious and right, so it's not as good as staying at home." Wang Guowei once wrote a poem "a piece of towel, a Taoist robe and a strange power, but brothers call each other without doubt. Don't blame your daughter for being too abrupt. How many men are there in Jimen dynasty In Wang Guowei's view, in the time of national destruction and family crisis, those scholar bureaucrats (i.e. the "Jimen Dynasty Scholars" in the poem), including Liu Rushi's husband and Qian Qianyi, the then Minister of rites of Nanming Dynasty, who were knee bending and rebellious, were far inferior to Liu Rushi in terms of integrity and integrity. Lin Xue, a female writer in the Qing Dynasty, praised in Liu Rushi's letters and quotations that "thousands of words have passed the Six Dynasties. She is deeply in love with ban and CAI, and there are many strange people.". Chen Yinke praised Liu Rushi as "the famous female Xia Shu" and "the scholar of Wenzong". He thought that although she was a "gentle girl who depended on her family and a little woman who was prepared for the storm", her deeds made people "feel sad and can't help themselves". However, in the feudal society where men dominated everything, she was not treated and evaluated fairly, and even "deeply slandered by pedants at that time" and "deeply slandered by contemporaries" and "deeply slandered by contemporaries". Most of Liu Rushi's rumors and records were "simple mistakes" and "mostly untrue". Chen Yinke commented on Liu Rushi with "the spirit of independence": "although Liu's articles about looking for money are more than those about destroying the forbidden buildings, it is often seen that he is lonely and resentful, which can make people feel sad and can't help themselves. The nine chapters of mourning for the death of the three families of the husband came from the literati and bureaucrats of that day. They should cherish the extension to praise the spirit of independence and the thought of freedom of our nation. What's more, it's a person who was deeply slandered by the pedantic people at that time, and the contemptuous people in later generations! In Yu Dafu's Yuxia zazai, Liu Rushi's poem "I smell the room in spring" is recorded. In terms of literary and artistic talent, she can be called "Qinhuai Bayan". Liu Mengxi commented on Liu Rushi with his "insight into the general" saying: "the fact that Hedong Jun was able to gain a foothold in the beautiful Jiangnan area where talented people gathered, and was appreciated, respected and introduced by shengliu at that time was not only because of her intelligence, beauty, versatility, and poetic attainments, but also because of her courage, insight into the general, and political ambition Knowing this, when the southern capital of Ming Dynasty was overthrown for three years, the king of Hedong did not speak or laugh, and engaged in the activities of restoring the Ming Dynasty together with Mu Zhai in secret, showing the solemn and stirring ambition of Shen Xiang to restore Chu, he would not feel sudden. " Li Jie commented on Liu Rushi with his "bright price": the tragedy a dream of Red Mansions opens up a world of humanity in the non-human world, and Liu Rushi's other biography brings out a group of bright personality from the historical abyss. The so-called bright personality is similar to being in Martin Heidegger's being and time, or the opening of daily existence, or the concern of daily existence. I think that it is this kind of personality theme in the sense of existential concern rather than the patriotic enthusiasm that ordinary people say that makes the biography of Liu Rushi superior to other similar works and comparable to a dream of Red Mansions. " (mourning)

Film and television image