Erwang Temple

Erwang Temple

The Erwangmiao ancient building complex is located at the foot of Yulei mountain outside the west gate of today's Dujiangyan, which is an important part of the world cultural heritage Dujiangyan. The temple was built in memory of Li Bing and his son Erlang. The Erwang temple was first built in the northern and Southern Dynasties. The existing buildings were built in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. The three gold characters of "Erwang Temple" at the mountain gate were written by patriotic general Feng Yuxiang. There are statues of Li Bing and Erlang in the temple. The stone walls are inlaid with Li Bing and the motto of later generations on water control, which is called the Three Character Classic of water control. On the right side of the back hall are inscriptions by painters Zhang Daqian and Xu Beihong. The garden is full of all kinds of rare flowers and trees. It is a tourist attraction in Sichuan.

Introduction to historic sites

Erwang Temple

It was originally Wangdi temple. During the reign of Qi and Ming emperor, Liu Jilian, a historian in Yizhou, moved the temple to Pixian County. In 494, in order to commemorate Li Bing and his son Erlang who built Dujiangyan in China, Wang Di temple was rebuilt and renamed Chongde temple. After the Song Dynasty, Li Bing and his son were successively granted the title of king, so they were renamed as Erwang temple. It is close to Minjiang River, then Cuiling mountain, Qingcheng in the South and Minshan Mountain in the West. The scenery is very beautiful, so it has the reputation of "Yulei fairy capital".

On the front wall of the temple gate is the map of Dujiangyan irrigation area drawn in the late Qing Dynasty, which is very precious historical data. Under the Guanlan Pavilion in the temple, a row of Dan walls and stone walls are engraved with two "three character classics" for water control. One is the Three Character Classic compiled by Huqi, the magistrate of Guanxian County in 1874, according to the water control experience of Dujiangyan in the past dynasties. The article says: "the six characters are handed down, which can be used as a reference for thousands of years.". Dig the heart of the river and build the bank. It's divided into four or six, and it's flat and dry. Water symbol, see iron pile. The cages are dense and the stones are strong. Build a corner mouth and install a sheep pen. Li paique, leaving leakage pot. Follow the old system and restore the ancient dam. " The other was in 1906, the 32nd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty. The content is: "dig deep into the beach, and use low as a dam. The six character gist is a reference for the future. Dig the river sand and build the bank. Build a fish mouth and install a sheep pen. Li paique, leaving leakage pot. The cages are dense and the stones are strong. It's divided into four or six, and it's flat and dry. Water symbol, see iron pile. Work hard to prevent diseases. We should abide by the old system and remain unchanged. " The eight character Sutra of water control summarized by later generations: "take advantage of the situation to guide, adjust measures to the situation", "have a bay and truncate the angle, and take heart when meeting the right" is considered to be the true meaning of water control with philosophy, which has been widely praised up to now.

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Historical evolution

In the west of Dujiangyan City, Sichuan Province, the foot of Yulei mountain on the East Bank of Minjiang River. It was first built in the Eastern Han Dynasty (4

After that, it was called "Chongde Temple". Later, it was also called "Jiangdu Temple", "Ligong Temple", "Wangmiao", "Zhengchang Daoyuan", "Chuanzhu Temple", "xianyingwang Temple" and "erwanggong Temple" in Guanxian annals of the Qing Dynasty It is called "Erwang Temple". It was repaired in Tang, song, yuan, Ming, Qing and Republic of China.

Most of the existing buildings were rebuilt by Abbot Li Yunyan after the fire in the 14th year of the Republic of China (1925). Starting from the yuelou (zhengshanmen), the temple was divided into three main halls and sixteen subsidiary halls; the second king's hall was dedicated to the God of Sanyan Erlang, accompanied by wood carving Yang Erlang; the old king's hall was dedicated to Li Bing and his wife; the old king's hall was named after Laozi, and the two halls of Qinglong and white tiger were built around the hall; the three official palace worshipped heaven and earth At the upper and lower levels of Lingguan hall, there are Taoist Dharma protectors and Taoist deities on the upper and lower levels, and Taibai Jinxing on the lower. There are also Chenghuang hall, earth hall, jade emperor hall, Niangniang hall, praying uterus, Dinggong temple, goddess hall, Kuixing Pavilion, Dragon God hall, etc. The temple covers an area of 10200 square meters, with a construction area of more than 6050 square meters. Its scale is grand and its layout is rigorous. The whole building layout is not bound by the central axis. In the vertical and horizontal direction, it is built in accordance with the mountain situation and stacked down. There are layers of buildings with orderly ups and downs, deep twists and turns, and the ladder turns back to the wall, and the main and secondary are clear. The water on the mountain surface is extremely quiet.

Li Bing and his son Erlang were respectively molded in the front and rear halls of Erwang temple. In the front hall, Li Bing is dressed in a robe and sitting in a dangerous position, holding a half wrapped Silk Map in his hand, and meditating on the water control plan; the second Lang in the back hall is like a straw sandal casual suit, holding an iron hat in his hand, which is full of youthful boldness and passion. The inscribed boards, couplets, poems and steles in the temple of the two kings are very popular. There are calligraphy written by Prince Qingguo that "gongzhui is immortal", Emperor Guangxu's calligraphy "gongzhao Shudao" and "restoring Yu's fame to father and son and creating an ancient immortal in Tianfu" are all praises of Li Bing and his son's achievements in flood control. Li Bing hall displays ancient wood of Shang Dynasty, iron vase of Ming Dynasty and iron wax platform, as well as the painting inscriptions of modern painters Xu Beihong, Zhang Daqian and Guan Shanyue, which are of high archaeological and artistic value.

Earthquake impact

According to reports, in the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008, Erwang temple was seriously damaged, the temple door was incomplete, the ground was covered with broken bricks and tiles, and several main halls in the building complex collapsed. Looking up from the gate of the temple, you can see that the secluded state of red brick and green tiles in the temple no longer exists. There are steep cliffs exposed after the collapse of the wall. Qinyan tower, once the best scenic spot overlooking the whole Dujiangyan water conservancy project, has only a few broken walls left. The renovation work will adhere to the principle of using the original materials of the building as much as possible, and carry out the restoration in situ according to the original drawings, and it is expected to be completed in 2 to 3 years. The restoration plan, financial support, technology and construction personnel are all arranged by the State Administration of cultural relics. At the same time, taking into account the urgent needs of tourists, part of the renovation will be opened immediately.

The famous world cultural heritage site "Dujiangyan Qingcheng Mountain", Wuhou Temple, Du Fu thatched cottage, Wang Jian's tomb, Sansu temple and other places of interest are all scarred

reopen

Built at the foot of the Erjiang River in the early days of the Ming Dynasty, the temple was built at the foot of the Erjiang River in memory of the emperor of the Qin Dynasty, and it is an important part of the ancient Dujiangyan temple built in the northern and southern parts of the Yujiang river. Three years ago, the great earthquake that shocked the world made Erwang temple, one of the geographical indications of Sichuan Province, suffered shocking damage, leaving people with regret. Three years of reconstruction, creating a miracle. Erwang temple also ushered in a rebirth, re standing in Bashu, reporting that the people in the disaster area are moving from solemn and stirring to heroic.

Other scenic spots in Dujiangyan have been open to the public for a long time. Why did it take three years to rebuild the Erwang temple?

According to the information provided by Dujiangyan Municipal Bureau of cultural relics, less than 50 days after the earthquake, the maintenance and protection project of Erwang temple, which invested 110 million yuan, was launched. The state attaches great importance to the rescue and protection of Erwang temple. Eight units, including the Chinese Academy of cultural heritage, the National Palace Museum and the Institute of cultural heritage protection of the Institute of urban planning and design of Tsinghua University, have been designated to provide technical support to the ancient buildings of Erwang temple.

The conservation project of Erwangmiao cultural relic has gone through several stages, such as cleaning up and removing danger, controlling geological disasters, maintaining ancient buildings and improving disaster prevention system. It took nearly half a year to clear the ruins alone. Modern buildings collapse, it is OK to shovel away the construction waste, but the maintenance of cultural relics requires improvement in construction. We must first look for pieces of cultural relics in the ruins. Once found, we must take photos, draw pictures and make written records. The staff even use a sieve to collect fragments from the rubble. The whole restoration project is very large, with a construction period of at least 3 years.

The post disaster rescue and protection project of Erwangmiao ancient buildings won the "special award for excellent cultural relics protection project" awarded by the State Administration of cultural relics. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, this honor has only been awarded to Potala Palace and Erwang temple.

In addition, the restoration project has also won the "UNESCO Asia Pacific Cultural Heritage Protection Award" and "national traditional building culture protection demonstration project".

In October 2010, the maintenance project passed the acceptance of the expert group of the State Administration of cultural relics. On April 21, 2011, Erwang temple was opened to the public for the first time.

Earthquake losses

90% of the Erwang temple was damaged in the earthquake

On April 21, the reborn Erwang temple was opened to the public for the first time. In addition to the repainting marks, there are not too many earthquake scars. The paint on the railings is not dry. The smell of paint floating in the air still reminds visitors that there was a devastating disaster here.

It is understood that on May 12, 2008, a strong earthquake of magnitude 8.0 made the mountain of Erwangmiao in Dujiangyan slide down to the side of Minjiang River, and all the ancient buildings of Erwangmiao, 1.3km away from the central main fault zone, were damaged. Theater, wing room, 52 steps, Zhaobi, Sanguan hall, Guanlan Pavilion, Shujiang Pavilion The Erwang temple, with a total construction area of more than 12000 square meters, was seriously damaged in the earthquake, with an area of more than 4000 square meters and part of the damaged area of more than 7000 square meters.

"Fish mouth" crack

Dujiangyan is composed of "Yuzui" diversion dike, feiheyan spillway and baopingkou. Among them, the Minjiang River is divided into two parts through the "fish mouth". The inner river is used for irrigation and the outer river is used for flood discharge.

The mouth of baopingkou is used as a "control gate". It is a manually chiseled throat to control the inflow of water into the Neijiang River. Because it is shaped like a bottle mouth and has unique functions, it is named baopingkou. The hill on the right of the mouth of the vase is called Lidui because it is separated from the mountain. Li Dui was a part of Hutou rock in Yushan before the opening of Baoping.

"Fish mouth" and "baopingkou" are both landmark scenic spots in Dujiangyan. There are many cracks in the "fish mouth" of Dujiangyan after the earthquake. Today, the repaired traces on the "fish mouth" are clearly visible, leading tourists to stop and take a closer look. The local guide told reporters that after the earthquake, "fish mouth" became the most concerned scenic spot for tourists because of the cracks.

Three years ago, the Wenchuan earthquake destroyed many landmarks in Sichuan. Now, a report on the rebirth of landmarks proves to the world that Sichuan is still beautiful; behind the rebirth of landmarks everywhere, the painstaking efforts of all the reconstruction workers are gathered to express their gratitude to the people of the whole country.

Traffic information

Sightseeing bus ticket: 15 yuan for round trip and 10 yuan for one way (from Beiting to Yuzui).

To Dujiangyan scenic area:

Bus No.4 and No.101 can reach the entrance of the scenic spot.