Liu Che

Liu Che

Liu Che (July 14th 156 BC - March 29th 87 BC) Martial Emperor , Western Han Dynasty Seventh emperors (including Shao Di before and after). Politician And a litterateur.

During the reign of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty (the first 141 years to the first 87 years), political creation was established. Chinese and foreign Dynasties , Imperial history system , Examination system Promulgation Grace order To strengthen monarchy and centralization. Economically, the implementation of Leveling , All transportation , Count , Sue Measures such as casting Five baht money The government monopolized the operation of salt, iron and wine and suppressed the power of wealthy businessmen. In terms of culture, "to abandon hundreds of families and respect Confucianism" and to set up Tai Xue The expansion policy of Han Emperor Wu is in addition to Xiongnu After years of war, it broke. Fujian Vietnam , Nanyue , Wei's DPRK , Ferghana Again Chisel the West Open The Silk Road And open up general name of the tribes in Guizhou In addition, there is also creation. Year number Promulgate Tai Chu calendar And other initiatives. But he was a master of Chongxin, and he served himself luxurious, and led to a crisis of rule. Evil of witchcraft After the failure of external expansion, he issued " Luntai imperial edict " In the two years after the Yuan Dynasty (87 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty collapsed. Five tussah Palace At the age of 70, he was buried in Mausoleum

The historical influence of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty is profound and complex. Posthumous posthumous title Emperor Xiao Wu Xuan emperor's temple. Shin Its deeds see " Redords of the Grand History of China "," The History of the Han Dynasty "The anecdotes of" Han Wu story "

Life experience

Early experience

Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty was born emperor jing of han The first year (the first 156 years) was the neutron of the emperor of Han Dynasty. When his mother Wang was pregnant, Han Jing Di was still the prince. Wang dreamed of the sun entering her arms and told Han Jing di. Liu Che had not yet been born, and his grandfather, Emperor Wen Di, died. After the accession of Emperor Han Jing, Liu Che was born. He was also Wang's only son.

Front element In the past four years (153 years ago), Prince The identity was sealed. King of Jiaodong In the same year, Jing Di's eldest son and his different mother elder brother Liu Rong Sealed up as Prince Edward. Six years ago (in the first 151 years), in the autumn of September, there were no sons and no pets. Thin queen Be discarded. Second years (the first 150 years), the first month of spring. Liu Rong by Linjiang King In the summer of April, Liu Si, the mother of Liu Chi, was established. Queen Ding Si and Liu Che were set up as Prince Edward. Liu Che became Prince and his mother, King Xiao king, and his aunt, Princess of Guantao. Liu Xing It has a lot to do with Wang's promise to let Liu Che marry. Liu Xing The daughter of Chen, therefore, was supported by Liu Bao in the dispute of storage position. After Liu Chi married Chen's concubine, the two did not get married.

In the first three years (the first 141 years), Jing Di died. Jia Zi, Prince Liu is the emperor. Empress Dowager Dou's family The queen empress dowager, Queen of Kings Empress Dowager

Imperial presence

At the beginning of Emperor Wu Di's accession to the throne, Han Dynasty It has been more than 60 years since the founding of the people's Republic of China. Mount Tai and Liang father mountain Of Buddhist ceremony To change the system. And the emperor also advocates. Confucian The doctrine of virtue is to recruit wise men through good and upright subjects. Zhao , Wang Gang Others rely on articles and knowledge to become officials and achieve the high level of public officials. They want to suggest that the emperor set up the Ming Tang hall for the propaganda of politics and religion in the south of the city. The plan of the emperor's inspection, the worship of Buddhist monk and the system of changing the calendar and coloring system were not yet completed. They were catching up with the Taoist doctrines of Huang Di and Laozi, who did not like Confucianism, so they sent private visits to illegal activities such as Zhao Wan and others, and summoned Zhao Wan, Wang Zang, Zhao Wan and Wang Zang to commit suicide. The things they proposed to do were abolished.

Until six yuan (135 years ago) in May. Dou Tai Hou Emperor Wu was able to master power after his death. He further weakened the power of princes and promulgated ministers. Zhu Fu Yan (Y N) put forward Grace order By the rule of law, the princes and princes were appointed to serve as Hou, so that the feudal land of the princes had to be reduced. At the same time, he set up Governor's history Monitor the locality. Strengthen centralization of power, iron smelting, Boiling salt The management of folk businesses, such as wine making, is managed by the central government, banning the money of the princes' countries and making the financial power centrally located in the central government. Ideologically, adopting scholar-statesman instrumental in institutionalizing Confucianism and civil-service examinations The proposal of "banning hundred schools and respecting Confucianism" It paved the way for the special position of Confucian education in ancient China and founded a special Confucian education in Changan. Tai Xue It was the highest institution at that time.

In Han Dynasty, there was no lack of rule of law in Han Dynasty. While advocating Confucianism, Emperor Han Wu also adopted laws and criminal law to consolidate the authority of the government and display the status of imperial power. Therefore, sinologists believe that this should be a system based on Confucianism, supplemented by law, and a system of Confucianism within the law. It propagantries Confucianism and Taoism to show the government's Huairou to the masses.

Cutting Quartet

through enlightened administration of the Han emperors Wen and Jing Of Recuperate and build up strength After a series of policies of developing economy and people's livelihood, the strength of the Western Han Dynasty has already been established. Be on the upgrade Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty Inherit At the same time, these policies are actively preparing for the development of military strength.

In military affairs, Emperor Wu first settled down the south. Fujian and Vietnam The turmoil. After that, it began to replace the humiliating policy of peace with military means to solve the problem in the north. Xiongnu Threats. Famous generals Wei Qing , Huo qu disease The three large-scale attack on Huns, Hetao Seize the area Hexi Corridor Seal Wolf Ju Xu It pushed the northern territory of the Han Dynasty from the the Great Wall to the north.

In the war against Huns, we adopted peaceful means and military means to surrender the western countries. Loss of fertility Inner Mongolia After the District, Hun Wang Tingyuanqian North of the Gobi desert This has basically solved the threat of Huns to the Central Plains since the early Western Han Dynasty, and laid the foundation for the integration of western regions into China's territory. diplomat famed for exploits in Inner Asia Sending to the western region, The Silk Road Thus it begins.

Six years (first 105 years) of the Yuan Dynasty Princess Xiao Jun Marry Wu sun and his relatives.

In the astronomical calendar, it has been the Han Dynasty and the Qin Dynasty. In the early Han Dynasty, the Qin calendar, the Zhuan Li calendar, was first implemented in October. Until Emperor Han Wu changed his calendar too early, he implemented the new calendar law. And the Spring Festival started at the beginning of the reform.

Evil of witchcraft

The first year of the levy and the first 92 years, Martial Emperor Live in Chien Chang Palace He saw a man entering the central Longhua gate with a sword. He suspected that he was an unusual man. The man escaped from his sword and the guards pursued him and failed to capture it. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was furious, and he would take charge of the entrance and exit of the palace gate. In the winter of November, Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty commanded the cavalry in the three auxiliary areas to search the Shanglin court, and ordered the Changan gate to be closed for search. Eleven days later, the martial law was lifted. The witchcraft incidents began to appear.

The prime minister, sun Gong's son and his son, had been unauthorized to spend 19 million dollars on military expenses. At that time, Emperor Wu of the Yangling emperor wanted to send him to the imperial court for the redemption of Gongsun He's son. In the case of Zhu, he wrote in prison, claiming that Gong sun and his wife were interlocking with Yang Shi princess. They buried wooden people in the path to curse the emperor. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was furious. Gong sun he and his son died in prison. Yang Shi princess, Princess of various cities, and the son of the Wei Qing, the Long Ping Hou Wei and Kang were implicated and killed.

At this time, the alchemists and various kinds of witches gathered in the capital of Changan. Most of them were puzzled by all kinds of fantastic magic techniques. Some witches came to the palace to teach the beauty of the palace to escape the calamity. Because of mutual jealousy and quarrel, they turn to each other to curse the emperor and to act against others. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was furious, and he was put to death by the accused. The imperial concubines, the maid of honor and the ministers implicated in the murder killed hundreds of people.

After the suspicion of Han Wu Di, one day, during a daytime nap, there were thousands of wooden people who wanted to attack him with a stick, and woke up with a nervous awakening. Jiang Chong thinks he is in harmony with Prince Edward. Crown Prince Li The queen of Wei had a grudge. He saw that Emperor Han Wu was old. He was afraid that after the death of Emperor Han, he was killed by Liu, and he decided to set up a traitor. Immediate dispatch Jiang Fu Go for it.

Jiang Chong led the shaman shamans to dig for wood people everywhere, and arrested those who used witchcraft to harm people. Jiangchong has been searching for the residence of Queen Wei and Prince Liu, and has brought out the wooden people who had been prepared in advance to set up the prince. At this time, Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty was in existence. Ganquan Palace Ill, not in Changan.

In the two years (the first 91 years), in July, in the middle of the afternoon, Liu sent a fake messenger to collect Jiang Chong and others, and killed Jiang Chong. Su Wentao went to the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to complain to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. The emperor did not believe this. He sent the messengers to call Liu, but the envoy did not dare to go to Liu. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was furious and ordered the prime minister. Liu Qu The rate is flat. Liu took people away and forced the tens of thousands of people in the four cities of Changan to force up to the west gate of Changle palace, facing the army led by Liu Qumao and fighting the Prime Minister for five days, with tens of thousands of dead. There were rumors in the city of Changan that Prince Edward was rebellions, so people did not dare to attach to Liu. However, the strength of Liu Qumao's side continued to strengthen. In the end, Liu was weak and defeated, and only fled Changan.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was angry and abnormal. Only the three elder people in Huguan ordered the emperor of Han Dynasty to write a letter.

Liu fled to the east to Hu county (now Lingbao west of Henan), hidden in the spring turtle. The host family is poor, and often sells straw sandals to support Liu. According to Liu, a former acquaintance lived in Hu County. He heard that he was very rich. The prince sent someone to call him, so the news was revealed. In August, the local officials gathered around Liu. Hang oneself To die; The master died with the man who searched the prince, and the two kings and grandchildren were killed together.

Liu had three sons and one daughter, all of whom were murdered by the chaos of witchcraft and spirits. Liu's son and Shi Huangsun Liu Jin had survived. Infancy Later, renamed Liu Xun. Emperor Xuan of Han

For a long time, there is no belief in witchcraft. Officials and civilians reported each other by witch and poison, and found that most of them were false. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty knew that Liu was only in a state of trepidation and no intention of rebellion. Whip When the son of heaven is killed, what is he to kill? Chen Meng dreamed of a white headed Weng minister. So Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty suddenly realized that he had appointed Tian Qian Yu as an example. Da hung Lu And ordered Jiang Fu The door was cut and killed, and Suwen burned on the cross bridge. People who had been adding weapons to Liu were also killed one after another. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, who was innocent of his innocence, sent a palace built in Hu County. Thinking uterus He also built a high platform called "the platform for returning to the future", so as to put his thoughts on Liu and those two grandchildren in the world.

Evening scene of mulberry elm

For four years (the first 89 years), Sang Hongyang Wait for a request to land in Luntai. Emperor Wudi of Han Dynasty Luntai imperial edict "Rejected the proposal. Since then, Wu Di no longer sent troops. Later, the prime minister was also presented. Qian Qian Tian The title of "enriching the people Hou" shows the idea of resting with the people. Also appointed Zhao Guo To search for Su Wei, let him popularize. Dai Tian law And advanced farm implements.

Posterior element The first year (the first 88 years), Ma Tong , Ma ho Luo And assassinate Emperor Wu, Jin Midi Found and protected Emperor Wu. In the same year, Emperor Han Wu called the painter to draw a picture of Zhou Gong's princes and princes. Huo Guang Helping his little son Liu Fuling Emperor. During this period of time (unknown time), Mrs Liu's mother, Mrs hooking, was reprimanded and died in Yunyang palace. It is generally believed that the child is strong enough to prevent it. Madam hooi Replay Lu Hou In the so-called situation, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty made excuses to kill her.

In the two years (87 years ago) in February, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up Liu Fu Ling as the prince. Emperor Yin day (the next day), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty Huo Guang , Jin Midi , Shangguan Jie , Sang Hongyang Four people were appointed to request the four to accept the imperial edicts and assist the young. Ding Mao day, Emperor Wu of Han broke down Five tussah Palace He was seventy years old. On the fifth birthday, Liu Fuling succeeded. Emperor Han Zhao On March, Jiasheng day, burying Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty Mausoleum (now northeast of Xingping County, Shaanxi).

Three years ago (the first 71 years). Emperor Xuan of Han The ancestor father, Emperor Wudi, was called "Shing".

Political initiatives

Politics

On the one hand, the political situation was relatively stable and the state of the country's economy was relatively good. On the other hand, the splinter factors of the kingdom of Lords still existed. Xiongnu Harassment continues, and feudal rule is yet to be established. The economic adoption of Sang hung Yang's proposition is that the government directly deals with transportation and trade; the military generals are using the Wei Qing and huo qu disease as generals. The threat of the Xiongnu was relieved and the economic and cultural development was promoted.

· Strengthening centralization

To strengthen Centralization Emperor Wu accepted Zhu Fu Yan The proposal is promulgated. Grace order That is, allowing the kings to distribute their own land to their children and establish smaller princes. The main contents are: the throne of king of princes is apart from The eldest son Apart from inheritance, we can also use the "grace" (that is, to extend favor to more people to enjoy privileges) in the form of other sons to be sealed up in this country. The new Marquis was separated from the original Kingdom and was independent of the region, and the political power was basically deprived. In this way, the original independent local Kingdom automatically handed over power to the state. Since then, the local kings and Hou have only enjoyed material privileges, namely, enjoying the tax on their own fief. But no previous political privileges.

Emperor Wu also made excuses to cut half of the country at one time. These measures of Emperor Wu laid the political pattern of China's unification.

· Establishment of China and Korea

During the period of emperor Hui, Wen Di and Jing Di, most of the prime ministers followed. Liu Bang The Prime Minister of the world was courteous, and the Emperor Wu and his prime minister were often at odds with each other. He often used the pressure to kill the prime minister, which led to the chancellor's reluctance to take over the post of prime minister. In order to carry out his orders, he set up China and North Korea , Shang Shu Tai It was also in this period.

Emperor Wu's power to weaken the prime minister also has a very favorable condition, that is, the former prime minister is the hero of the founding of the country. They are old or dead. Emperor Wu of Han uses this favorable opportunity to make numerous. Confucian scholar Instead of the elders, they should master state power and strengthen their power by attacking prime minister. In the five years of Yuan Shu (the first 124 years), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty allowed the civilian generation to become a Confucian scholar. Gong Sun Hong To make a prime minister, this changed the usual practice of being a prime minister by the nobility.

· Year of establishment

Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty is the first emperor in the history of China to use the age. In 113 BC, Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty used yuan Ding as the four year of the Yuan Dynasty, and was chased yuan yuan, Yuan Guang, Yuan Shuo and Yuan Shou for six years. However, according to some unearthed relics, they are marked with Jian Yuan, Yuan Guang and other years, proving that Chien yuan, Yuan Guang and other years were not later pursued.

· Setting up a history

In order to further strengthen the monarchical power, Emperor Wudi supervised the local tyrannical officials and officials by using the way of Yushi. Five years ago (the first 106 years), the whole country was divided into thirteen monitoring zones, each district called the Ministry and one from each. Governor's history The central governor is called the governor. Si Li Wei The other twelve states are called. Governor's history

The position of Shi Shi was quite high at that time. Imperial envoy It is also perennial and has its own office location in the area. As for the name of "Shi Shi" itself, it already has this characteristic. "Thorns" means pricking, that is, detection is illegal. "History" refers to the messenger sent by the emperor.

· Employment policy

When Emperor Wudi was appointed, officials were diversified. Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty raised a good example of a wise and upright person, who was a direct admonished person.

Yuan Shuo in five years (the first 124 years) was the fifty person of the five classics who set up his disciples. system of political zoning Some people may be selected according to certain conditions, but they can be employed as disciples. Through examinations, one can pass more than one skill, and can be used as an official.

Two thousand officials above the stone can make their children become officials through the system of Ren Zi. Election An official, such as Sima Xiangru. The descendants of the sages can be taken care of, such as Jia Yi The two sons were taken care of as the sheriff. However, what is particularly prominent is that Emperor Wu uses talent only for his sake. Empress Wei Zi Fu It was selected from slaves. Wei Qing , Huo qu disease They were selected from slaves and slaves. The prime minister Gong Sun Hong Dr. Yushi Child width As well as Yan Fu , Zhu Ying Chen Others were selected from poor civilians. imperial censor Zhang Tang , Du Zhou Ting Wei Zhao Yu It was selected from a small official. It is noteworthy that some of the generals appointed by Emperor Wu were Vietnamese and Huns. and Jin Midi (M D) the slave of such a Huns captured a horse in the palace. Unexpectedly and Huo Guang , Shangguan Jie Together, he was chosen to serve as a minister. These circumstances show that the selection of talents by Emperor Wu is not restricted by class origin and ethnic differences.

The emperor of Han Dynasty adopted the standard of human nature only when he was in power. During his reign, he issued the imperial edict five times in the first year of Yuan Guang and two times in Yuan Dynasty. "Open the road of artistic talent, learn to extend the learning of" "There are different people in the county, who can be regarded as" generals "and" those who make the country ". It means that as long as we are willing to fight for the cause of the Han Dynasty, there are talented and talented people who can be appointed to those who can make distant lands.

Because of this, Han Emperor Wu was talented at that time. Ban Gu Exclaimed, "the man of the Han Dynasty is a prosperous man." The appearance of this phenomenon is worth studying seriously.

Military

Since the Han Dynasty, the Western Han Dynasty has been strong and powerful in its national strength. Xiongnu Expedition to the western region and recover. Nanyue To annex North Korea and set up western regions. Emissary school Captain The western region is officially incorporated into the Chinese territory. Let's talk about it. Emperor Xuan of Han Set up Western region protection The western region was officially incorporated into the territory. East Han Dynasty Japan Sea Nan Tun region comprising present-day northern Viet Nam Xi Yue Onion Beida Yinshan And laid the foundation. Han land In the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, diplomat famed for exploits in Inner Asia The western region opened up the silk road. For the first time, China's eyes were cast on the world, and the Han envoy arrived at Tai Wan. Sogdiana , people in Central Asia , Da Xia , rest , Poison (that is, India). khotan All the other countries have opened up their connections. Eurasia Of The Silk Road The furthest reaches of the plough hall are located in Egypt. Alexandria This is the farthest area that the Han Dynasty envoys have arrived, and the silk trade between Eurasia and Africa has taken shape.

Emperor Han Wu was the first emperor in the history of China to send troops to the Hun hinterland for decisive battle. Through a large number of immigrants in the northwest side of the county, it played a major role in countering the victory of the Xiongnu war and managing the western region. After Li Guangli fadai Wan, many countries in the western regions of South China were subdued in the Han Dynasty. The two years of Emperor Xuan di (the first 60 years), the Xiongnu day went down to the Han Dynasty, and the Huns did not dare to contend for the western regions. The appointment of Emperor Xuan Zheng Ji To supervise the western regions, to manage the western regions, the north and the north, and the western countries to surrender to the Han Dynasty. At this point, the west is directly accessible. Caspian Sea It has become the territory of the Han Dynasty.

· Defeat the Huns

Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty was the first in Chinese history to propose north. Nomadic people - the Xiongnu subservied to the emperor of the Central Plains empire. For this reason, he built the surrender city in Inner Mongolia today. From 133 to 119 BC, Han Wu Di sent troops and Huns to fight many times. There were three decisive battles: Battle of Henan , Battle of Hexi and Battle of North

Yuan Guang two years (the first 133 years), Emperor Wu adopted Wang Hui Recommendation Li Guang , Gong sun he , Wang Hui , Li Xi , Han an Guo Five general, the rate of 300 thousand Han troops, ambushed near Ma Yi. Another faction Nie Yi They are trading with Huns and attracting enemies. Xiongnu Military ministers alone It was discovered that it was a plan to induce soldiers to withdraw. The 300 thousand armies of the Han Dynasty failed.

Yuan Shuo two years (the first 127 years), Xiongnu The aristocracy invaded the upper valley (Hebei Huailai county) and Yuyang by twenty thousand. Emperor Wudi adopted a strategy of "making a killing in the west" and sent the youth leader Wei Qing 30 thousand to ride out the clouds (Inner Mongolia Togtoh county) and the west to Longxi (Eastern Gansu) to recover the Hetao area and wipe out the military strongholds that the Huns invaded. Wei Qing took the method of roundabout attack, copying from the rear, and driving away the Hun Wang and the white sheep king of Huns at one stroke, relieving the threat of Changan. Therefore, the Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty set up Shufang county and Wuyuan County, where 100 thousand immigrants were relocated, and the old the Great Wall of the Qin Dynasty was rebuilt to garrison troops. Wei is promoted to Chang Ping Hou.

Yuan Shuo five years (the first 124 years), Wei Qing The rate cavalry drove away the right king of the Xiongnu and captured more than 10 Huns prince. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty upgraded the Wei Qing as the general general and became commander in chief of the whole army. In the second year, a 18 year old general emerged from the battle with the Huns. Huo qu disease He is Wei Qing's nephew. Once, he took the lead and led the 800 cavalry into the Hun camp for hundreds of miles to win. Emperor Wu of Han built him a rich house and let him see it. Huo qu disease said: "the Huns are not destroyed, no home."

Yuan hunting lasted for two years (the first 121 years). Han Wudi sent huo qu out of Longxi. Mount Yan (Gansu, Shandan County, Southeast of rouge mountain) entered the west, entered the Hun's territory for more than a thousand years, and fought with the Hun army's short soldiers. In the same summer, Huo qu disease The second western expedition, Yue Yan Ze (Inner Mongolia Ju Yan Hai), attacked Qilian Mountains, broke the Hun army, and the Hun aristocracy of Hexi suffered heavy losses. In the same year, the Xiongnu aristocracy split up, and the evil king rate fell to forty thousand. After the campaign, Han set up four counties in Wuwei, Jiuquan, Zhangye and Dunhuang, and was called "Hexi four counties" in history. Since then, we have opened the road to the west of Hantong.

The four years of Yuan hunting (the first 119 years) were the largest in the battle of the north. Han Wu Di sent Wei Qing, huo qu disease rate of 100 thousand cavalry, hundreds of thousands of infantry, respectively, from Dingxiang County (southeast of Hohhot, Inner Mongolia) and Dai Jun (Hebei Weixian County), hit the Hun Nu Yu (Hun leader) in North. Wei Qing Over thousands of miles north of the great desert (Gobi desert), directly to the Yutian mountain (Mongolia hang AI mountains), the enemy's more than 1.9 million people. Huo qu disease went deeper than more than 1000 kilometers, and pursued Wang Bing, the Hun left wing, to the wolf Hill Xu (Mongolia Kent mountain). The enemy captured more than 7.4 thousands of people. Lake Baikal (Russia). The battle of northern Mo was a fatal blow to the Xiongnu, and there was a situation of "Huns far away and no South King court". Since then, the Xiongnu moved northward and moved westward. In the north of the Han Dynasty, from the Shuo Fang, the west to the Ju (Gansu Yongdeng), 600 thousand soldiers were stationed in the field to strengthen the defense. Emperor Wu's victory in fighting against the Xiongnu made the country more unified. Inside and outside the Great Wall, "horses and cattle indulged and livestock accumulated wild", creating favorable conditions for the development of economy and culture. The Xiongnu empire began to decline.

· Developing western regions

Expedition to Tai Wan : Ferghana It's located in Uzbekistan. Fergana Valley , diplomat famed for exploits in Inner Asia After the extradition of the western region, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sought to gain Ferghana horse Then the messenger brought gold and two hundred thousand and two gold and a golden horse to the kingdom of great Wan and asked for sweat and blood horses. However, the king of Tai Wan refused to take the sweat and blood horse as the national treasure. He enjoined the Han Dynasty envoy in front of him. He broke the scold and broke the golden horse and turned away. Emperor Han Wu heard that the messenger was killed and his property was robbed. Guang Li Li General Ren, general, sent tens of thousands of expeditions to Tai Wan. In the early 4th year (101 BC), Emperor Li Guangli of the Han Dynasty expedition to Da Wan. The soldiers of the Han Dynasty were numerous and powerful, and the small countries did not dare to fight along the way. They opened the city to meet the people to provide food and drinking water. Only Luntai (Xinjiang and Luntai) resisted the Han Army and closed the city tightly. The Han army attacked for several days, breaking the city and slaughtering Luntai. Direct attack on the mountain city of Da Wan capital, first cut off its water source, then encircled your mountain city, attacking it day and night, breaking its outer city, killing the great Wan Yong. Finally, there was internal infighting within the ruling group of Tai Wan. Its noble people complained much of the king of the great Wan, so they jointly killed no less. They sent their leaders to go to the Han to seek peace, and offered to drive the good horses out for the selection of the Han army.

Li Guangli's life Du Wei Shangguan Jie Attack Yu Chengcheng. After a fierce battle, Yu Chengcheng's defenders finally failed to resist the enemy's surrender, and Yu Cheng Wang fled to Kang Ju. The Shangguan Jie troops followed up to Kang Ju and wanted to live in Kang Ju. Kang Ju saw Da Wan, who had already broken up, and then became king Yu and Shangguan Jie. Shangguan Jie, a knight Zhao Di, killed Yu Cheng Wang on the way. The Han army defeated the great Wan and Wei Zhen western regions. The western countries sent their children to Han as their hostages. Surrender in western regions.

The battle of Vehicle Division (guru): Yuan Feng In the three years (the first 108 years), the emperor of the Han Dynasty defeated the western region countries such as Wei Shi, Wushun and Da Wan. In the four years (the first 89 years), Han Wu Di made the coincidence of Hou Hau Tong (a horse pass) rate 40 thousand. In order to sweep away the obstacles of the army's advance, the 6 troops of the western regions, such as Kroraina, Yuli and Wei Xu, were attacked by the Manchu order. The 6 soldiers surrounded the division. Trainer Surrender belongs to the Han Dynasty.

Battle of Kroraina In the three years (108 years ago), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered Zhao Ponu to beat tens of thousands of soldiers from the ticket to Kroraina. Gushi also attacked the Han Dynasty repeatedly. The number of Zhao's orders was Wang Hui, who was suffering from Kroraina's pursuit and interception. The rate was 700, breaking through Kroraina and captive Kroraina king. Kroraina Surrender to the Western Han Dynasty.

Battle of the fold After Han Wu Di passed through the western region, Li Guangli broke the way of Da wan to return to the army. Li Guangli sent people to ask the king of King Kwok, and the king of King Kuk listened to the advice of Gu Yi. He sent troops to kill Lai Dan and then was afraid. Xuan Di Ben three years ago (the first 71 years), Chang Luo Hou Hui, guarding Wu sun to send troops 50 thousand big break Huns, return to the way on the way, please write the book to fight for the guild, in order to compensate for the crime of Lai Dan, often Hui collect the 20 thousand soldiers in the west of kuzi, and send the deputy to mobilize 20 thousand soldiers in the east of kurzi, so that Wu Sunfa 7 thousand, from the three sides to attack the Kwok. The king of King Kwok was very frightened, and hurriedly told him that he was the king who listened to the noble's wings and had nothing to do with himself. Chang Huizhan, Gu wing.

Battle of Shache After the Han Emperor Wu passed through the western region, Shache established friendly relations with the Western Han Dynasty, and constantly sent children into the Han Dynasty. In the first year of the Yuan Kang Yuan (65 BC), Wei Hui Feng escorted the envoys of Dadan and other countries to return to Shanshan, and went to the city of Yisu city in Shanshan. The Song Dynasty Han Dou song, who was stationed here, reported to him the misconduct of the country. At this time, the western regions protect Zheng Ji among the northern Dao countries. Feng Feng Shi and vice minister Yan Chang discussed that if they did not attack Shache immediately, they would not be able to subdue their powerful forces, which would endanger Han's rule in the western region. Feng Feng ordered to mobilize the soldiers of all countries to attack Shache and destroy the Shakespeare city. Feng Feng Shi set up another king of Shache. The rebellion of the other countries was also subsided and the rule of the Western Han Dynasty was restored.

· Conquer Korea

In the two years (109 years ago), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent troops to attack by water and land. Korean Peninsula Northern Wei's DPRK Three years ago (the first 108 years), after Emperor Wu Di unified his old domain, he divided the local administrative area and set up Le Lang county (about today's North Korea). Ping Nan Road The North Korean County town is the dangerous city of Wei's DPRK capital. Pyongyang The southern coast of Datong River and Xuan Tu County. Hamgyong (real) county (about North Korea) hwanghae , Gyeonggi Do Each part) and Lin Tun (about North Korea). Gangwon The history is called "Han four counties". The four counties have several counties under their jurisdiction, and the prefectures and prefectures were dispatched by the Han Dynasty to the Han people. Obviously, the setting of "Han four counties" indicates that Han Wu Di has incorporated the northern part of the Korean peninsula into the ruling area of the Han Empire.

· Exploiting Fujian Vietnam

Martial Emperor Yuan Ding In the five spring, Lv Jiasha, Prime Minister of Nanyue King of Nanyue Kingdom , Queen Mother And Han envoy, annihilating Han thousand autumn army. It was in the autumn of the year that Emperor Wudi dispatched bode and Yang Ying and other soldiers in five ways to collect Nanyue along the waterway. Yuan Ding, six years of winter, Han soldiers who defected to the Manchu invaders Conquering the Nanyue King of Panyu, conquering the Nanyue Kingdom LU Jia The death of South Vietnam. Han in South Vietnam set up the South China Sea, ear, Zhu Kui, Cangwu, Yulin, Hepu, region comprising present-day northern Viet Nam Nine, real 9 counties. In the six year of Yuan Ding, Emperor Wu ordered the separation of troops to seek East Vietnam. Until the first year of the Yuan Dynasty (the first 110 years), all the Han troops entered the border area of East Vietnam, and the former became more and more completed. Hou AO and Wang Wang lived in collusion with each other, killing the rest and reducing the Han. In view of the dangerous terrain of Fujian and Vietnam, Wu Di has repeatedly plotting against the Han Dynasty. Fujian Vietnam Then died. At this point, the East Vietnam and Nanyue areas, which had been in a semi separatist state for a long time, belonged to the Han Dynasty, and the southern border reached the southern part of Vietnam.

· Southwest development

In the six years (135 years ago), the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was Emperor Bai. Tang Meng For the middle of a long time, from Bashu Ye Lang He made an appointment with Hou Lang Tong and put it in Qianwei county. In the western part of Shu County, the emperor of the qionghe (Xi Yi) ministry also asked to return, "such as Nan Yi (Ye Lang)" and "Shu Ren Sima Xiangru". So in the five years of the Han Dynasty (130 BC), Sima Xiangru was ordered to make the Western Yi, and in the west of the area of Qi and Qi, there were 10 imperial counties, all of which belonged to the jurisdiction of Shu county. (Yu Yuanguang)

In the three years (120 years ago) of Yuan hunting, the Han Dynasty actively prepared to redevelop southwest Yi and Yuan Ding six years ago (111 BC). Nye Lang Hou began to rely on southern Guangdong, south Guangdong had broken, and killed rebels. I thought he was king of the night. The Han Dynasty all controlled the night area. Then, the qiongjun, Hou Hou, and ran, who fought against the Han Dynasty, were all frightened, and asked to set up their officials. Shen Li Jun Ran Ran is Wenshan County, Guanghan West white horse is Wudu county. The Western Yi area in Western Sichuan was completely incorporated into the Han Dynasty.

In the Han Dynasty, the king of Yunnan was used to attack the king of Yunnan, but it was opposed by the League of various nationalities in Yunnan. The Han Dynasty was able to send troops to fight for two years in the Yuan Dynasty (109 BC). So the Han Dynasty set up a county in the territory of Yunnan Province, giving Wang Yin Dian to restore his people. At this point, the Han Dynasty basically incorporated the southwest Yi region into its domination.

After Emperor Wu Di settled down South Vietnam, it was the first time today. Hainan Island Set up Shire , Zhuya County Ruled Hainan Island and South China Sea Islands The area.

Economics

· Reform of the currency system

During the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, because of the continuous expedition, the central government had spent tens of thousands of dollars in the capital since then. The plentiful change is the dilemma of making ends meet. "A rich businessman or a poor financial worker will turn over hundreds of thousands of people, and live in cities and towns." The rich businessman, Tai Jia Fu, is an enemy country, which is in stark contrast to the central finance which is difficult. In addition to relying on martial arts and other ways to increase revenue, the central government "smelt and smelt salt, money or money, but not the state's urgency. Therefore, the emperor and the public ministers argued that they were more money to make money, but to destroy them. Increasing central revenue and combating large businessmen is the original intention of the reform of the currency system. Therefore, after the accession of Emperor Wu to the throne, the central government made great efforts to solve the currency problem for the sake of economic management and political rule, and made six successive rounds. Currency reform It has basically solved the currency problem that has not been solved since the early Han Dynasty. On the one hand, we have stabilized the finance, and on the other hand, we have reunified the local Mint rights in the central government. After the six reform, the issuance of the three official baht has solved the problem of private casting and piracy, which has plagued the Western Han Dynasty for many years. Wu Di's currency reform has achieved great success.

· Salt and iron camp

Salt and iron official camp has been extended to the modern times since the Han Dynasty. Salt and iron tea is still mainly controlled by the government and state-owned enterprises. The implementation of this system enables the country to monopolize the most important handicraft and business profits of the national economy and people's livelihood.

Culture

· Collection of books

Culturally, adoption scholar-statesman instrumental in institutionalizing Confucianism and civil-service examinations The proposal of "banning hundreds of families and commending six classics"; Liu Cheneng's poem Fu, reusing the literati and wise men in the four corners and attaching importance to cultural construction. For the first time in history, the government ordered the collection of books nationwide and the way to offer books. He also set up a strategy for collecting books, setting up officials for writing books and all kinds of books. At that time, all the "Tai Chang", "Tai Shi" and "Ph. D." collections in the government library were located in the imperial palace. There are 33090 volumes in the collection. Royal and government collections are unprecedented. This is the first National Library in China's history.

· Respecting Confucianism

In the history of the development of the Chinese nation, Emperor Han Wu created several first. scholar-statesman instrumental in institutionalizing Confucianism and civil-service examinations The proposal of "banning hundred schools and commending six classics" is to regard Confucianism as a feudal orthodoxy. Legalist School The scholars of Taoism and other theories were excluded. Emperor Wu also vigorously carried out Confucianism education in Changan. Tai Xue Tai Xue was the highest institution in ancient China, with Confucianism. Five Classics As the main teaching material, we do not learn from other theories. The "six hundred deed" has been honored for two thousand years in the Chinese traditional culture stage and praised by the rulers of all dynasties. However, Emperor Han Wu did not restrict the development of other families, but strongly advocated the combination of Confucianism and Legalism. such as Xiahou Shichang He studied both Confucianism and Yin and Yang five experts; the prime minister Gongsun Hong also governs Confucianism and France; the master and father grew up in the vertical and horizontal circles; Sima, who was honest and sincere, talked about Sima Qian's theory based on Huang Lao doctrine.

Emperor Wu, while respecting Confucianism, was also "learning from the hundred schools of thought", forming a pattern of governing Confucianism and using hundreds of families at the same time.

· Lunar calendar

Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty was the first emperor to make and promulgate the early calendar in a unified country.

Before the beginning of Han Dynasty, China mainly adopted " Ancient six calendar "( Yellow Emperor , Zhuan In summer, Yin, Zhou and Lu. Zhuan Ji calendar " In the first year of the first year of the first year (104 BC), the beginning of the calendar was changed to the beginning of the first month. The formulation of Tai Ji Li is a significant reform in Chinese history, and it is an immortal contribution of Chinese civilization to world astronomy. " Tai Chu calendar The scientific achievement lies in the precision and accuracy of calendars.

· Founding Tai Xue

Emperor Wu of Han founded the system of "Tai Xue" and "Xiang Xue", and set up a system of lifting virtuous. Civil service system

· Yuefu

Yuefu A government official who refers to music management. In addition to the Official Music Office of Yalu, Han Wu Di founded the Yuefu government office to take charge of folk music and collect folk songs and songs. "Poetry recitation, Zhao, Dai, Qin, Chu's" Li Yannian To be a constable commander, to raise more Sima Xiangru Ten of them were created as poems and Fu, and slightly talked about Lu Lun, making the nineteen chapters of songs in tune with eight tones. Later generations of Yuefu organs singing music, also known as Yuefu.

· Geography

After the unification of Qin Dynasty, China saw it in historical records. Map "Yuan Shou four years in April," Shen, "the emperor's official sun, he went to the imperial censor." Play the map, please name your country.

International Relations

· Communication in Western Regions

Han Wu Di faction Zhang Qian through western regions I got through. The Silk Road It has promoted the economic and cultural exchanges between China and the West. This is the first time in Chinese history. From the western region Hu (yellow) melon, kidney bean, Flax , Pomegranate , Carrot , Grape Sweat blood horse, Walnut The planting of alfalfa, the introduction of a good breed horse from Tianwan, Tianma, and music and magic from western regions to China.

Iron smelting, shaft sinking, silk making, lacquer making and other technologies have emerged in China. Well canal method do Dragon head canal Later, it was transferred into the Xinjiang area of China and entered into Persia and other places. A large number of silk and metal tools in the central plains are transported to the West. The technology of cast iron and well drains also spread to the western regions, which is of great historical significance.

· Opening up the Silk Road

The connection between the western region and the mainland began in the remote historical era. By the second Century BC, the western region was divided into thirty-six countries, each of which was not affiliated to each other. In the north of the Tianshan Mountains, Junggar grassland has many countries such as Wu sun and the south of the Tianshan Mountains, north of Kunlun Mountains. Tarim Basin The region is also divided into South and North.

There are large countries in the North Road, such as Xinjiang (Kuche), Shule, Yanqi (Xinjiang Yanqi), Che Shi (Xinjiang Turpan) and so on. South Road countries include Shache (Xinjiang Shache), Yutian (Xinjiang Hotan), Kroraina (Xinjiang Lop Nor West) and other countries.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty appointed Zhang Qian as Zhong Lang, led more than 300 attendants, carrying a large number of gold coins and silk, and cattle and sheep going to the western regions. After Zhang Qian came to Dawu sun, the original purpose was not reached, such as Dawan, Kangju, Yue, Daxia and other countries.

Yuan Ding two years ago (the first 115 years) Zhang Qian came back, and dozens of people sent to Changan with Zhang Qian. Since then, the messenger sent by Emperor Wudi has been there. rest (Persian) Poison (India), Alans (between Aral Sea and Caspian Sea), branch (resting state), plough Hill (attached Rome) Alexander City, Egypt ) The Chinese envoy was also greatly welcomed by the twenty thousand members of the Sabbath. Since then, the silk road has been officially opened. Opened a trade link between east to Changan, West to Rome Empire, and farthest to Alexander, Egypt.

For three years (108 years ago), Han Wu Emperor ordered Zhao Ponu to attack Kroraina and car division, and set up Pavilion barriers in Jiuquan (Gansu Jiuquan) to Yumen Pass, as a post and defensive post for feeding grass and grass.

In the first year of the first year (the first 104 years), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Li Guangli to Da Wan. After defeating Da Wan, the traffic in the western region became more fluent. In the Western Han Dynasty, the school was stationed in Kroraina, canal plows (Hebei, Xinjiang, Tarim), Luntai (Xinjiang Kuche County East) and other places.

Sociology

Two years ago (109 BC), Emperor Han Wu visited the scene to supervise the breach of the Yellow River gourd.

Historical evaluation

Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty was one of the most outstanding monarchs in the feudal dynasty of China, laying the strong and prosperous situation of Han Dynasty and becoming China. Feudal dynasty The first development peak also opened up a vast territory and laid a foundation. Han land The basic scope.

" The History of the Han Dynasty "Comment on Liu Chi's" talent and strategy ". Posthumous title It is said that "Wei is strong and virtuous is virtue." Dignified Strong, wise Benevolence is called martial arts. In the Chinese history book, Emperor Qin and Han Wu They often connect with each other. His Achievements It has far-reaching influence on the development of Chinese history and the development of Western Han Dynasty.

Under the feudal autocratic system, the use of talents has two bad habits. One is the cronyism, only one is familiar with his own followers. The two is about seniority. He must climb up to the "Thirty-nine Steps" and the first level and the first level. The Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty will not be a waster of words: as long as there is talent, the master and his father hold different political views, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty still seeks to be wise and thirsty; the two is to dare to make an exception in the promotion: because of the ability and the origin of the Wei Qing slave, the Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty has been promoted unexpectedly.

Not only that, Han Wudi even abandoned orthodoxy, accommodating different kinds, and seeing the eye. Dongfang Shuo To turn the stately Dynasty hall into a warm and happy lounge, like a playmate between the monarch and his official. At the same time, he did not lose his principles by obscene, and praised the Dongfang Shuo's admonition. He read the first time. Zi Fu That is to say, it is a great admiration; it is to see Sima Xiangru, the author of the book, so that he can enjoy the same writing treatment as himself. Able to understand people, be able to tolerate and employ people.

Emperor Wu of Han created unprecedented achievements, but in his later years Exhaust all resources to build up one's military power and Evil of witchcraft For it left a negative stain, but then dare to face their mistakes, and pick up the national policy of the early Han Dynasty, and laid the foundation for the prosperity of filial piety in the Western Han Dynasty.

Historical book evaluation

" The History of the Han Dynasty ":" filial piety and martial arts are first established, and hundreds of families have been removed. Xing Tai school, to repair the sacrifices, change the orthodox school, set the number of years, coordinate the rhythm, make poetry and music, build Buddhist seals and rite gods. After a week of Shaoxing, the decree articles can be described clearly, and the descendants have to follow the Hong industry, and there are three generations of wind. Such as Emperor Wu's great talent and great talent, he does not change the literary scene of thrifty to the people of Si, although the book of poetry is called "why add."

Past appraisal

Ji Yin Your majesty has made great use of its merits, and has never killed it. With a limited number of people, no one can punish him, but he will be afraid of the world.

Sima Qian Hanxing V, the founder of the Yuan Dynasty, built up the Yuan Dynasty, took the imperial examinations outside the country, rebuilt the law, sealed the Buddhist temple, changed the orthodox school and adapted the colors.

Liu Hsin The emperor of Xiao Wu, who had no peace in China, sent generals to the seven counties of Baiyue. In the north, the Xiongnu, descending the Kunqu cult, set up the five countries to take up the fertile land. The eastward movement of the DPRK began to break the left arm of the Xiongnu. Xiavan Da Wan, and thirty-six countries, formed Wu sun, Dunhuang, Jiuquan and Zhangye, separated from the Qiang and split the right shoulder of Xiongnu. Shan Yu alone will be far away from the north, and four will be free from all kinds of things, and he will be excluded from the distant lands, starting from ten counties. The achievement is established, which is to seal the prime minister as the rich people's Hou. He also recruited all the world's heroes, conspiring with Xin Xin, and prospering the system. To build a Buddhist temple, to set up a system of rulers, and to establish a system of Lords and rulers. Shou Shou Bai, Bai man Bai man obedience, the foundation of the world. The power of ZTE is not high.

Huang Tan The Emperor Wudi of Han Dynasty is of high quality and has the rule of advocating the rule of the old and the whole. Therefore, he succeeded in developing the lofty aspiration, combining the ancient and modern models, obtaining the story of the former sundae, establishing the orthodox school, setting up the system, recruiting handsome men, and raising the rage. Wuyi four plus, the people who had been recruited, the six artists, and the wide Confucianism, since the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the Han family was the most prosperous figure. On the contrary, it is too bad for both sides to want to repent the vast territory, but also the unprofitable ones who fight for profits and struggle for things. It is known that the great horse of the Western Yi, the great army, has taken many years to die, but it has got ten ears. Another song, Wei Zi Fu, because of his great love, he asked the queen to pass the evil and retire. That is, Li Zi Fu, whose male is the prince. After hearing the evil ministers, they will worry about death. Believe in their witchcraft, they will gather more evil and do not need to rush; the palace will be built up, and the Treasury will be exhausted. This can be seen as a cover up.

Hsun Yue Filial piety emperor, rule the industry of all ages, consolidate the base of future generations. In the literature of inner culture, Wuwei can be extended to the world. However, its writing is not complete; it is not the end of its development. Luxurious and boundless, the poor soldiers are extremely fierce, the people are exhausted, and all the people are out of danger. When this happens, the world is in a state of chaos, and the sea is boring.

Cao Pi The filial piety emperor, who has inherited the legacy of the world, encountered Yu Jinqian, the Treasury of China, and the barn of livestock and rotten millet. Therefore, from the beginning of the throne, from Wang Hui's painting, he set up Ma Yi's strategy. From Yuan Guang to the end of forty or fifty years, he collected more than forty Huns. In addition, over Guanghan, Wu Zi Ling, Feng Feng Ju Xu, Zen Gu Mu, Liang Bei he, Guan Bing Han Hai, Mun Shan Qi, the first to suppress the shin's name, to explore the fate of the cave, to sweep Wang Zhiting five. The gift of the emperor, who is the treasure of the golden people. The king of Kings is thousands of thousands of men. They both pursue their destruction and destroy their accumulation. They are too busy to save lives and die. At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, he took the bow and took the martial arts festival, and told him that he was afraid of the death of two Vietnam.

Cao Zhi Omune Hikaruhikaru, culture and martial arts are all crowded. Wei Zhen Bai man, Hui Tu Tujiang. Jane's law history, the old chapter. Feng Tian Chan, the more power hundred king.

Liu Yuan Omune Xiaotake emperor opened up the land and fled the land.

Li Shimin In modern times, there was only one emperor in the world.

Yu Shinan Han Wu inherited the life of the sixth generation, rich in the sea, and rich in human capital. Therefore, he could take the hero, drive the hero, promote the etiquette and music, open the border, and the system charter. For the first emperor, it is excellent. To be arrogant and tyrannical, you can compare with others.

Ma Zhou Although emperor Xiao Wu is extravagant and extravagant, he has no intention of leaving his prose and scenery. After making the emperor, Emperor Wu, the world will not be complete.

Si Ma Zhen Filial piety is very important. Zhi is still luxurious, especially respecting gods. The altar opens eight ways to connect five cities. Five benefits to the parents and the worship of Wen Cheng. Offering sacrifices to the non sacrifices and making a good inspection of them. Deng Song Dai Dai, Wang Jing Sheng Sheng. The date of worship is changed. Tired of the Middle Earth, the other side of the army. No time to spare. Look at Ying Zheng.

He Qu Fei Emperor Xiao Wu, with great talent and broad vision, inherited the wisdom of the three generations, and knew that the world would be strong and not strong. It is based on filial piety and martial arts, which is resistant to its special interests. Ten years after the completion of the division, the king was captured by the king, and he was captured by the famous King. To wipe out the insults of the four generations, to preserve the strength of the descendants.

author of the history Zizhi Tongjian : filial piety is extremely extravagant and costly, complicated and pungent. The mystery of the mystery is the cruising of the tour. So that people are tired and become thieves, so they are different from those of Emperor Qin Shihuang. Although Qin died, the Han Dynasty promoted the people, filial piety and martial arts could respect the way of the king before, and knew the integrity and integrity of them. Evil men deceive, good virtuous and tireless. Late, changed to Gu Toth. Why did he lose the Qin and avoid the disaster of Qin?

Gong Li Mausoleum of the mausoleum, it is true that the sky and the talent are great. Hunting for heaven's pride and galloping hawks, such as hawk's flying sparrows. Fight Gaolan, plow court dragon moraine, drink to Lord of the line. China's prosperity has weakened the barbarians. On the day of the tour, one hundred thousand soldiers ride and cross the border. The brothers always laughed and laughed. You can't escape from the desert by two gentlemen. If the English wind is there, it is outstanding.

Hong Mei The Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and Tang Zhi Wu are not clear.

Zhu Xi Emperor Wu is highly talented and ambitious. In the last year, there was nothing in the sea. Luntai's regret is also highly talented.

Wu Yuchui: Emperor Wu is talented and talented. He is not aware of the fact that the people of the conquest are forced to restore the three generation of territory. Flatten the four foreigners, do all they can, and measure their strength. Therefore, the cultivation of the tired Dynasty is not only rich but also rich, moving with each passing hour, and the war is considered to be defensive and offensive, and the Xiongnu is far away. As for Xuan, yuan, Cheng, AI, Yi Yu Yu Chen, Chao Xuan and Chao, the Han Dynasty, and their blessing, the temple "shison", Yi Zai!

Zhao wing The wisdom of the emperor is in the martial arts.

Zeng Guofan Since ancient times, great masters of English have always been prosperous. If emperor Wuzhi of Han Dynasty, Emperor Wen of Tang Dynasty, Ren Zong of Song Dynasty, the ancestor of Yuan Dynasty, Xiao Zong of Ming Dynasty. At that time, all of them were erect.

Sun Yat-sen Qin Emperor Han Wu, Yuan Dynasty, Napoleon, or hundreds of years, decades of chopping, also can be regarded as a person of lofty ideals. In the code of emperor Napoleon, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty praised Zun, who did not speak martial arts, but also had a chronicles of millennia.

Mao Zedong Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty had great talent and broad vision, and opened up the achievements of Liu Bang. In his later years, he realized that the luxury, the martial arts, and the disadvantages of Fang Shi had made him a prosperous world.

Jian Bozan To use sword is to use emotion, to use emotion is to employ soldiers.

personal works

Liu Che is not only a statesman, but also a poet who likes literature and advocates Ci Fu. Ming Dynasty Wang Shi Zhen Thought that its achievement is under the "Changqing" and "Zi Yun". Other remaining poems, Gourd song "," Tianma song "," Mrs. Lee's wife It is also "magnificent hung Chi". Xu Zhen Qing " Notes on Literature and Art "For poetry theorist.

His beautiful, meaningful and fluent style. Autumn wind "Has always been praised by people. Although this poem is an impromptu work, it is twists and turns, and it is written in a twists and turns. Shen de Qian " The Wellsprings of Old Poems Volume 2: " Li Sao The sound was lost. What does it mean to say that the word "Qi" is very sad? In terms of "Li Sao", Shen Deqian's evaluation is very practical. Lu Xun It is said that this poem is "lingering and flowing, though the poet can not pass."

· " Autumn wind "

· " Gourd song One of them

· "Gourd song"

· " Tianma song "

· " West pole Tianma song "

· " Lady Lee's song "

· " Thinking of Hou Ge "

· " Lady Li Fu "

· " Bai Liang Tai Poetry (author: Liu Che and Qun Chen) Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty for three years. Bai Liang Tai The two thousand stones of the imperial edict were able to sit on the seven character poem. (see "three Huang Tu Tu Tai") The contents of the poem are seen in volume eight of ancient Wen Yuan. Art and literature collection Volume fifty-six and " San Qin Ji And other books. Scholars in the Qing Dynasty not only thought their poems were Chinese. Poem with seven characters to a line The origin of Bai Liang's poetry is the joint verse. Joint verse It was first seen in Liu Xie. Carving a Dragon at the Core of Literature Ming Shi The originator of this.

· " Song of fallen leaf and cicada "

Family members

Family background

Great grandfather: Emperor Tai Zu Gao Liu Bang Great grandmother: (Queen of posthumous) High Queen Bo's

Grandfather: Emperor Tamune Hyowen Liu Heng Grandmother: Queen Xiaowen Dou's family

Grandfather: Wang Zhong, grandmother: Zang Er, so Yan Wang Zang Tusun.

Father: Emperor Xiao Jing Liu Qi Mother: Queen of filial piety Wang's

Empress

· Queen

1. Empress Chen The first queen of the Western Han Dynasty, Wu Di and Liu Che, did not remain in the name. Long Gate Palace

2. Wei Zi Fu Xiao Wu Wei Si (? - 91 BC), also known as Wei Empress The name is unknown, Zi Zi Fu. The Han Dynasty Pingyang (now Linfen, Shanxi), the second queen of Han Wu Di. Wei Tsai was originally the master of Hou Cao Shou and Princess of Pingyang in Pingyang. In the two year of the founding of the Yuan Dynasty (139 ad in the year of the 139 AD), he was visited by Emperor Wudi of the princess's family in Pingyang and brought into the palace. (the author of the historical records, Tai Shi Ma, praised the Wei empress in the Shiji "the family of the stranger"): Chen Hou was too proud and died Zi Fu. Jia Fu De Si Si, for "alien family" nineteenth. It can be seen that queen Wei has the character of mother world, so that she can be praised by this great historian. [ Note "Fu" in the new book of Han Dynasty. Wei Zi Fu ]

· Imperial concubines

1. Mrs. Lee Later, he was sealed by Huo Guang as the queen of Xiao Wu Li, and Li Yannian's sister, born in Changyi, Liu Bo.

2. Mrs. Wang Sheng Qi Wang Wang Liu Hong. After the death of Mrs. Wang in the historian, Liu's life and Qi began to recruit his soul. Han Shu moved the story to Mrs. Lee.

3. Zhao Jie Yu (that is) Madame Gou Yi Also known as boxing lady, Liu Fuling, the Han Emperor of Chao (also known as Liu Fu). Later, he was later empowered to be empress dowager Zhao.

4. Yin Furen (Yin Jieyu)

5. Lady Xing (Xing Xinge)

6. Li Ji Liu Dan and Liu Xu.

7. A certain student Princess Yi an

8. A certain princess is born. Princess Hubei )

children

· Son

1. Prince eldest son Crown Prince Li The queen mother, Wei Zi Fu, is her grandson. Liu Wen Later it was Emperor Xuan of Han Dynasty.

2. Second son, Qi Huai Wang Liu Hong Mrs. Wang, a six year old yuan hunter, drove 18 years old.

3. Three Zi Yan Wang Wang Liu Dan Mother Li Ji.

4. Four sons of Guangling Liu Xu (King Liu Hong and Liu Dan).

5. The five son, the king of Changyi Liu Wei Madam Li, the four year of Tian Han was established. Emperor abolished in Han Dynasty Liu He 27 days after emperor.

6. Six sons Emperor Han Zhao Liu Fu (aka) Liu Fuling Mrs. Zhao Jieyu, who was in office for thirteen years, died at the age of 21.

· daughter

Because of the unknown historical records, Liu Chi's daughter did not make a clear ranking, and probably some of the women did not have historical records. (for example, Han Emperor Jing only recorded Liu Chesan's sister and the princess of Guantao only recorded the princess and the princess).

1. Eldest daughter Princess Wei ( Princess Lee It is the eldest daughter of Emperor Wu and Wei, and is also the favorite daughter of Han Wu Di. Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty seeks Ever-young Send people to look for the alchemist everywhere. The most famous Alchemist Luan Da They were called five generals, heavenly generals, general generals, and Yue Tong Hou. "The Emperor gave birth to thousands of people in the first place, and filled the public with their horses and curtains." Cao Hou The son of Pingyang Hou Cao Xiang, because his husband died early, remarried Luan da. Later, Emperor Wu found that Luan Da was a liar and was furious. He sent people to burn the heart of Luan Da alive. Since then, Princess Wei has never seen anything else in history. Only know that her son Cao Zong may be killed in the "witchcraft disaster" (because of historical records are discrepancies, also said that Cao Zongwei was implicated), Han Xuan emperor, when her grandson Cao Xi resumed the title of knighthood, the title continued to the Eastern Han Dynasty.

2. Princess Hubei (long Princess), the birth mother is unknown. After Liu Che's death, he was arrested by the long princess, who was raised by Han Zhao Di, and colluded with Wang Yan Dan, Shangguan Jie, Shangguan and sang Hongyang to kill Huo Guang, and committed suicide after the incident.

3. Princess of various cities Shiji told her mother that she was Wei Zi Fu and died of witchcraft.

4. Princess Shi Yi The historian recalled that his mother was Wei Zi Fu, and the year of birth and death was unknown.

5. Yang Shi Princess Princess Deyi ) The unknown mother died of witchcraft.

6. Princess Yi an The birth mother is unknown, married to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Princess long Zhao Ping Jun, the son of Zhaoping, was executed for killing and breaking the law.

Anecdotes

Name source

Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty used to pork The name is derived from Tales of mystery and the supernatural " Han Wu story ":

Liu Chechu's name is *, born with intelligence and intelligence. When he was three years old, Emperor Jing held his knee and asked Liu Zhi, "is the king happy?" To say, "heaven is not born." I would like to live in the palace every day and play in front of his majesty. Liu Zhi's response was so that Liu Qi had to look at this son differently. Liu Zhi has an amazing memory and a strong thirst for knowledge, especially in reading ancient sages and emperors. Jing Di was very surprised. Liu Zhi "lawsuit" Fu Xi Since the group of saints, recorded Yin and yang to diagnose the Dragon map, the number of tortoises is ten thousand words, there is no word left. At the age of seven, Shen * Jing passed the emperor. The word "Che" means full of wisdom to meet the requirements of holy morality.

" Shiji. * and "Han Shu Xiao Jing Ji fifth" stated that Liu Che had been established before the king of Jiaodong, and his name was already thorough. Even later generations. author of the history Zizhi Tongjian Compiled Comprehensive Mirror for Aid Government Volume sixteenth Han Ji eight "did not accept" Han Wu story The saying. In fact, Han Chi's homonym says that Liu Zhi's homonym is * homonymous.

Settle one's young wife in a golden house

" Settle one's young wife in a golden house Allusion is also from the story of Han Wu.

Chen empress, the nickname A Jiao, was the nephew of Han Jing di Liu Qi, who was born sweet, charming and charming. One day, when her mother took her to the palace, Liu Che, the son of Han Jing, was playing on the side. He picked up Liu Che and asked, "shall I marry A Jiao and your sister to your wife?"

Although A Jiao was older than Liu Cheda, Liu Chi lived in the deep palace. He often played with A Jiao, and saw his elder sister's bright eyes and good children playing. So he answered without thinking: "good! If A Jiao elder sister marries me, I will build a golden house and hide her in it. Mother of Chen A Jiao The princess of Guantao Exultation, so he urged Han Jing Di to set up Liu Che as his successor.

Worship gods and seek Immortals

According to Shiji Xiao Wu Ji Ji, in the first year of the Yuan Dynasty (110 BC), Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty went to Taishan to perform the ceremony of offering sacrifices to the Chan people, and listened to the encouragement of some "Penglai gods mountain if they could get", "to return to the East to sea", so as to "hope for Penglai". The "Penglai" fairy mountain, which is hoped to be seen, is not "encountered" at the seaside of Shandong, and its "merge sea" (and along the same meaning), "north to Jieshi", along the seaside has always come to the "God Yue" famous stone tablet hill to worship gods for immortals. Emperor Jiwu of the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty revived the activities of immortality in the coastal area of Jieshi mountain. And his activities of seeking immortals are much more lively than Qin Shihuang, such as calling ghosts and gods, making alchemy sand, waiting for gods, and so on. All kinds of names are numerous, and frequently go to the sea to seek "Penglai".

At that time, in order to cater for him to ask for sacrifices for gods, "the counties were divided into Taoist temple and temple". For this reason, there are many different buildings in the area of Jieshi mountain. In the south foot of Jieshi mountain, there are relics of the imperial palace of Emperor Wudi so far. In 1958, when building the playground of Yuan Erzhong (Changli No. 1) in the east slope of Xishan, located in the county seat of Changli, a large number of "long lived" tiles and large Han tiles were excavated.

In the Jieshi mountain, the Emperor Wu of Han also carried out a stone carving performance like Qin Shihuang. In this regard, Li Dao Yuan's "Shui Jing Zhu Shui" has a clear account: "Ru Shui (Luanhe River) and southeast to the Jieshi mountain. Emperor Wu of Han also tasted it to see the huge sea, and the stone was here. Changli county is the name of the county in the Western Han Dynasty, which is located in the north of Changli county. The top of the Sendai peak is also called "Han Wu Tai". It should be called "the emperor of the Han Dynasty and the stone of the sea". "Han Wu Tai" is probably the oldest name of the main peak of Jieshi mountain.

Long live Shan Hu

After visiting the Kai Kai stone of Xia Qi in Songshan, Han Wu Di led the people to a mountain peak in the east of Songshan. At that time, all the officers and men heard the great mountain "three years ago." So the officers and men all complimented Wu Di and said, "this is the mountain god of Zhong Yue to greet his majesty." Wen, the emperor of Han Dynasty, was so happy that he built the peak of the peak and built the "long live Pavilion" on the peak. At the same time, the temple officials were ordered to build a large scale "sacrificial Temple" in Songshan, and the next three hundred families in Songshan were set up "lofty county" to exempt all taxes from taxes and service.

Mausoleum

In the 11 imperial tombs of the Western Han Dynasty, the greatest number was Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. Mausoleum Mau Ling is located in the northeast of Xingping city under the jurisdiction of Xianyang, Shaanxi province. It is 12 kilometers west of Xingping and 15 kilometers east of Xianyang. Its north is far from nine mountains, and the south is remote. The East and West are the five hills. This place is originally a Maoming Township in Huai Li County, Han Dynasty, so it is called Maoming. It is 46.5 meters high, 39.25 meters long at the top and 40.60 meters across the north and south.

According to Guan Zhong Ji "The Han Dynasty's tombs are 12 feet tall and square 120 feet, but mausoleum is 14 feet high and the square is 140 feet." The above figures are basically consistent with the survey figures. The total area is 56878.25 square meters, and the volume is 848592.92 cubic meters. The cemetery is square, flat top, small and big, and looks like a bucket. It looks solemn and steady. So far, the eastern, Western and northern areas of the earth que still exist. Jin Midi Tomb of others. It is the largest tomb in the Han Dynasty, the longest repair time and the richest funerary objects. It is called "Pyramid of China". In 25 ad, the red brow army entered Changan, the Liu basin was called the emperor, and mauring was dug up. The precious historical material Mao Ling Shu is likely to be removed from mausoleum at this time. The Maoling book, which finally came to light, made a great contribution to the study of the Western Han Dynasty's administrative geography and rank officials.

Controversy of characters

Year of birth

According to Han Shu Ji Ji Ji, combined with Shiji In four years, seven years and sixteen years, Liu was four years old, seven years old and sixteen years old. She was born in the first year of Emperor Han Jing, in the first year of the Han Emperor (in the year of 156 BC). In the two book, the Queen Mother's biography also records that Liu Che and Yu Jingdi were born after their accession to the throne and were pregnant before the death of Emperor Wen. That is to say, the time of conception was reconciled before the seven years of Han Wen Di in June (July 6th, 157 BC).

However, "the story of Han Wu" said, "the emperor was born in Yi Lan in July 7th." That is, Emperor Wu was born in July 7th of the first year of Jing di (156 BC July 31st), so that the pregnancy is more than thirteen months, abnormal pregnancy. There are at least three deductions.

· The story of Han Wu is correct. Han Shu, biography of foreigners, records Liu Chezhi Madam hooi Fourteen months pregnant Liu Fuling. In this way, the above thirteen months of pregnancy are objectively possible; however, there is still doubt about the same phenomenon.

· The story of Han Wu is not wrong, but the year is wrong. Thus, Emperor Wu was born in July 7th, seven years after the Han Emperor Wen (August 10th, 157 BC).

· The story of Han Wu is wrong, but the year is not wrong. The story of Han Wu is mainly based on supernatural beings. The date "July 7th" is not credible, and the year is still available. Redords of the Grand History of China "," The History of the Han Dynasty The proof.

Sin or not

There is a view that Han Wu Di is the first to use " imperial decree in which the emperor blamed himself for the suffering of the people " Luntai imperial edict Self critical Emperor And " The sin of Luntai "Marked the transformation of the ruling line of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, from Shang Gong and" promising "to keeping articles, and to enrich the army and soldiers. Han Chao emperor and Han Xuan emperor began to "break" because they insisted on keeping words and resting with the people. Zhao Xuan Zhongxing " However, some scholars believe that "Luntai imperial edict" is not a crime. Nor does it have the significance of changing policy lines. The image of repentance of Emperor Han Wu in his later years was shaped by Sima Guang and so on.

Historical records

· Sima Qian Shiji. This is twelfth. (do not pass, posterity picks up "Shiji" Fengshen book). )

· Ban Gu " The History of the Han Dynasty Emperor Wu Ji sixth.

· author of the history Zizhi Tongjian " Comprehensive Mirror for Aid Government Volume seventeenth to volume twenty-second

Artistic image

Literary image

Song Ye Weng Weng " Martial Emperor "

Song Wang Anshi " Han Wu "

Song author of the history Zizhi Tongjian Reading Emperor Wu Di of Han Dynasty

Song Gong Li " #NAME? "Han Wu Xun Shuo Fang"