Central Crossing of Flyover

Central Crossing of Flyover

Zhongbian is a local traditional folk acrobatics in Beijing. Beijing's overpass is a prosperous and lively civilian market with a long history, well-known at home and abroad. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, the skybridge market took shape. In the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, the skybridge market developed rapidly, and all kinds of acrobatics were widely used.

On May 20, 2006, the heritage was approved by the State Council and listed in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

brief introduction

Beijing's overpass is a prosperous and lively civilian market with a long history, well-known at home and abroad. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, the skybridge market took shape. In the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, the skybridge market developed rapidly, and all kinds of acrobatics were widely used. Particularly, performances such as Zhongjiao and Falling are the most popular among tourists.

The banner is a kind of flag with different sizes. Zhongbian is a kind of flag with gorgeous decoration, honor features and competition strength. Zhongbian originated from the flagpole of the Royal Guard of honor, and later evolved into a performance in folk temple fairs. Playing and dancing are traditional folk acrobatics in China, and the performances of playing and dancing are the most famous in Beijing overpass.

Tracing to the source

Zhongbian originated from the Jin Dynasty Royal Performing Event, also known as Yuan H. It is a banner with both honor features and competition strength. During the March or hunting break, flag bearers waved flags to cheer the emperor and inspire the fighting spirit of the three armies in order to relieve the emperor's depression.

The banner is magnificent in shape and clear in title. It is often used in honor activities. Flag-bearers can show their bravery and wisdom by playing banners. Therefore, Zhongbian was a necessary item for Buddha and celebrations in Qing Dynasty. Each group has its own flag in the walking meeting, and they compete to practice their stunt skills, gradually forming a quite unique acrobatic program.

Liu Dong and Yu Yizheng of the Ming Dynasty (Emperor Beijing Scenery) have been recorded. The Qing Dynasty's Bamboo Branch Ci recorded that "the banner is four or five feet high, hanging on the front of the bell and dancing for generations. The conductor is very satisfied, accompanied by the sound of golden drums, and the viewer is like a wall. "

During the reign of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty, adding umbrellas to the original flagpole made it more beautiful to play. Later, the large flagpole with umbrellas was used by the royal palace as a guard of honor to greet diplomatic envoys, which became more majestic and solemn, so it was also known as the great deacon. Every year in the palace, great deacons are played to celebrate important celebrations. During the reign of Qianlong, the Zhongbian Society was under the jurisdiction of the Yellow Banner Inside, one of the eight classes of the society, which was crowned by the emperor and flourished for a time.

It is Wang Xiaopi who plays an important role in the development of Zhongpai. At that time, there were Zhongbian performances all over the country, but the forms of performances were different. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, Wang Xiaopi, an old Tianqiao artist, learned this art from his brother, who played the deacon in the palace, and renamed the great deacon Zhongpai, which became a performance of a commercial nature, and spread it to the people. Later, Bao Shanlin became an apprentice and passed on his stunt to Bao San. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, the Eight Banners'sons and daughters went to the flyover market to sell their art for their livelihoods, among which the most popular, popular and popular items were wrestling, performed by Shen San (Shen Yousan), Bao San (Bao Shanlin), Zhang Douzi (Zhang Wenshan).

In the 1950s, Mr. Bao Shanlin was in charge of the flyover play. Chen Jinquan, Ma Guibao, Fu Shunlu and Xu Mao, the third generation heirs, were in the flyover exercise. They attracted a large number of professional and amateur experts from all over the country to discuss their skills.

For historical reasons, from 1960s to 1970s, the once prosperous flyover market was cancelled, various kinds of literary and artistic performances were banned, and Baosanyi was cancelled at the same time. After the reform and opening up, the Xuanwu District Cultural Committee has carried out a series of cultural activities to excavate, sort out and protect the folk customs of overpasses with the aim of promoting the culture of Xuannan. Under the guidance and support of the District Culture Committee, Fu Wengang, the son of Mr. Fu Shunlu, established the "Baosan Folk Culture and Art Troupe of Beijing Fu's Flyover" to inherit a number of viable bridges.

After the founding of New China, under the leadership of Mr. Bao Shanlin, Tianqiao Baosan Wrestling Ground has been discussing skills with a large number of professional and amateur experts from all over the country. During the Cultural Revolution, the Baosanyichang disappeared with the flourishing overpass market. After the reform and opening up, Fu Wengang, the son of the third generation of heir Mr. Fu Shunlu, founded a non-governmental folk culture and art group, Baosan Folk Culture and Art, Beijing Fu's Tianqiao.

artistic characteristics

They are divided into three categories according to their size: Shuo Yi, Zhong Yi and Xiao Yi. Shuangyi is generally heavier and higher, usually more than 12 meters; Zhongyi is generally about 9 meters, most performers choose Zhongyi, so the term "playing Zhongyi" has spread; while Xiaoyi is only 3-4 meters, usually in small performances, such as theatres, teahouses and so on.

In the early stage, there were the terms of "building banner" and "carrying banner", and in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, there was a performance of "carrying banner skating" in Beihai Park in winter. The main stem of Zhongbo is a bamboo pole three feet long (more than 10 meters). On the top of the pole hangs a long brocade banner of 0.5 meters wide and 5.5 meters long. The front of the banner is embroidered with blessings and auspicious patterns. On the back, sometimes the name of the performing group is embroidered, so it is also called the flag. Zhongbo weighs more than 30 kilograms net. It is made of two bamboo poles. The size and flexibility of the poles are also exquisite. It takes about four years to make a finished product from a drum. Its production and processing procedures are still ancestral and refuse to leak.

From the technical point of view, Zhongyu includes techniques such as lifting clouds and hanging legs (kicking, drawing and kneeling). It not only trains people's courage, strength and skills, but also combines civil and military skills. In addition, Chinese wrestling and Qigong are also the basis of the practice of Zhongyu. Zhongbian is divided into single training, double training and collective training, with more than 50 movements.

When performing in Zhongbian, the artists hold up the pole in their hands and dance in many patterns. Their acting styles have their own image names. The pole is thrown up and held up with the head to hold the tripod for the overlord. The bamboo pole is supported on the ground with one leg and supported by one hand to support the golden chicken. In addition, there are dragon head, tiger tail-flicking, Fenghou hanging seal, Suqin sword-back, Taigong fishing, engine and other styles. There is also a layer or even several layers of round ornaments consisting of glaze, brocade, bells, flags and tassels on the top of the elegant central pole, which is called the Muluo Cover. It is not only colorful, but also makes a pleasant sound.

The performance of Zhongbian requires stability, accuracy and speed, and hand-eye coordination. In the performance, performers use the palm, back of hand, shoulder, forehead, jaw and other parts to complete lifting, top, toothsword, brain sword, single mountain and other movements, constantly shaking, throwing, falling. The performance of Zhongbian is guided by throwing high and standing steadily. Performers or crowns on the forehead, or stretching towers, thrilling movements continue, but always stay close to the body, poles do not fall to the ground. More than ten meters high, tens of kilograms of weight in the hands of the performers, shoulders, forehead, chin, neck back and other places up and down, alternately move. During the performance, colored silk facets were waving in the wind and copper bells were ringing on the roof.

Nowadays, with the development of Fuwengang, the fifth generation of footbridge heir, Zhongfan has become a thrilling and spectacular systematic performance project, which includes seven sets of drilling skills, including head, shoulder, elbow, hand, span, knee and foot, and nearly 100 sets of routines. With the efforts of several generations, the flyover has become a representative project of the old Beijing folk culture with its exquisite skills and funny performances.

Inheritance Significance

The banner in the overpass is the traditional stunt of the old overpass. Its performance form is that the performer touches a banner about 11 meters long with his hands or other parts of his body, and keeps the banner from leaving and the pole from falling to the ground. The 44-year-old Fu Wengang is the fifth generation of this stunt, and he is also the founder and leader of Baosan Folk Culture and Art Troupe of Beijing Fu's Flyover. Although Fu Wengang has 20 students and 8 apprentices, he is still worried about the inheritance of the banner in the overpass because fewer and fewer people are genuinely gifted and willing to inherit this skill.

At present, dancing banners have gradually become non-professional, and professional artists are scarce. In addition, the overpass acrobatics environment and performance form have changed. The playing banners skills are still in an endangered state, which needs further protection. Fu Wengang is still looking for successors. He intends to raise the production of the new Zhongbian to 20.08 meters high in order to meet the 2008 Olympic Games, and considers developing the new Zhongbian through the production of its cultural accessories.

The state attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage. On May 20, 2006, the intangible cultural heritage was approved by the State Council and listed in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. On June 5, 2007, Fu Wengang of Beijing was confirmed by the Ministry of Culture as the representative successor of this cultural heritage project and was listed in the list of 226 representative successors of the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage projects.