Wang Guoguang

Wang Guoguang

Wang Guoguang (1512-1594) was born in Yangcheng County, Jincheng City, Shanxi Province. Jiajing 23 years (1544) Jinshi, official to the Ministry of officials Shangshu, official ups and downs, a few advance and retreat, before and after 40 years in politics, is a famous politician, financier and writer in Ming Dynasty, Wanli years to assist Zhang Juzheng reform, the rise of Wanli played a positive role.

Life figures

Wang Guoguang (1512 ~ 1594), who was born in Yangcheng, Mingze prefecture (now Yangcheng County, Jincheng City, Shanxi Province), was named Ru Guan (Ru Guan). In the early Wanli period of Ming Dynasty, the politicians and financiers, Li Shizong, Mu Zong and Shen Zong, were engaged in political activities for more than 40 years, which played a positive role in promoting the Renaissance of Wanli in Ming Dynasty. Wanli accounting records, written by him, is the theoretical basis for Zhang Juzheng, a bachelor, to reform the tax system with the "one whip" method, and later became the standard of land tax in Ming and Qing Dynasties. The former residence of Wang Guoguang was called "Tianguan Wangfu" by later generations. Wang Guoguang became a scholar in Jiajing Jiachen (1544). He successively served as magistrate of Wujiang and Yifeng (ancient county name, in the area of Lankao County in Henan Province). Later, he was successively promoted to the Ministry of war, the Ministry of household and the governor cangchang. Later, due to illness, he left home. In 1570, he was appointed as the Minister of the Ministry of justice of Nanjing. Before he was appointed, he was changed to the right official of the Ministry of household to supervise the warehouse again. In the first year of Wanli (1573), he served as the Secretary of the Ministry of household affairs and resigned for three years. Wanli five years (1577) from the Ministry of official secretary. He was promoted to doctor Guanglu and served for six years. He was appointed as the second minister of household officials during the ten years when Zhang Juzheng, a cabinet bachelor, presided over the government. After Zhang's death, he was impeached by the opposition and dismissed. Later, the emperor read his merits and ordered him to resume his official career. Guoguang is good at poetry and calligraphy. When he visited, he wrote poems and wrote poems. There were many relics. His poems and words give people a sense of natural and graceful, outstanding. He is the author of "Wang Shu'an's contribution to the society", which is preserved today. When Wang Guoguang was in office, he was impeached many times and forced to return to Nanyang because of the fierce fighting in the palace. After returning home, first of all, with the help of the villagers, he built the family temple, which is now the Yuhuang temple. The five Phoenix Tower on the ridge of the North Hall in the temple was specially transported back from the capital by him. Because someone in the court wanted to kill him all the time, and secretly sent someone to follow him back to Nanyang. Rumors spread everywhere that Wang Guoguang made mistakes in the court, provoked ministers and other bad things. Some people in his family also vaguely heard about the fact that he had committed a serious crime in the court and was dismissed. Some timid clansmen were afraid of joining the nine clans, so they spread evil words everywhere, and finally drove Wang Guoguang's family out of their homes and Nanyang Village. The Wang Guoguang family was forced to hide in a cave in Nangou near Nanyang Village, which is now the Wang Guoguang cave in Shanghe village within the boundary of Yangcheng. After things settled down, he and his family moved to Shangzhuang village, Runcheng Town, Yangcheng County.

Historical evaluation

Wang Guoguang is a successful politician, but his official career is full of drama. After he became a scholar in the 23th year of Jiajing (1544), he was granted the title of magistrate of Wujiang. Later, he was transferred to Yifeng and promoted to the head of the Ministry of war. He also changed the Ministry of officials and served as a doctor of literary selections. He is the right servant of the household department. In the fourth year of Longqing (1570), he served as the Minister of the Ministry of punishment in Nanjing. Before he took office, he changed to the Ministry of accounts. In the third year of Wanli (1575), Wang Guoguang was impeached by Nanjing geishi and the imperial censor in the examination of Beijing officials. He wrote a letter and resolutely resigned. He could not resign until the second year. In the winter of 1577, Zhang Han was dismissed and Wang Guoguang was appointed to replace him. In the following years, Wang Guoguang was repeatedly impeached for several counts, such as material selection, cronyism, abuse of official goods, and loss of public interests. The emperor was angry and dismissed, but soon afterwards, he resumed his official position. He became an official in the 23rd year of Jiajing, from the Ministry of war to the Ministry of household, from the Ministry of punishment to the Ministry of official, and almost every important department had his footprints. There were interruptions and ups and downs in the middle of the process. However, due to his outstanding contributions, he still could not erase his achievements. His most outstanding contribution lies in the macro control of the national grain when he was in the Ministry of household affairs. When he was in charge of grain storage and cashier, social development, population growth, at the same time, Frontier Wars, the mainland also have peasant uprising, so it is of great significance to manage the granary. When the development of grain was far behind the social prosperity and population growth, Wang Guoguang was careful and controlled the grain in an all-round way. He carried out the method of "the whole world pacifies and presses officials", made overall arrangements for various grain channels, firmly controlled the power of grain in and out in the hands of the state, and played a very key role in alleviating the grain shortage. His most successful political time was in the early years of Wanli. At that time, Shenzong had just ascended the throne, and the voice of reform was the highest. Wang Guoguang also reformed a series of outdated systems and orders. At that time, the official documents, such as Bo Ji, were very complicated and redundant. It was hard to say whether it was the departments or the specific undertakers, from the state and county to the Ministry. Wang then carried out a drastic abolition and merger, removing nearly half of the complicated articles, making things convenient and easy. Because the office of the 13th Department of the Ministry of household was small, the officials were on duty, which led to more and more serious problems. Wang then carried out a vigorous move to change the former disadvantages, so that all officials were admitted to the office, and the work efficiency of each department was greatly improved. There was no case to check the expenses and receipts of the frontier military Wang ordered the local border officials to verify various revenues and expenditures, and worked out long-term plans to report, so that consumption and waste were sharply reduced. He also set up a "grain office" to be specially responsible for the supervision of military grain, which greatly facilitated the various armies, and merged the national money and grain of the scattered departments, reducing unnecessary waste. His quick economic mind is reflected in his quick economic mind.

Main achievements

In the 22nd year of Wanli (1594), he left the world that he had loved and hated, and left the accounting records of Wanli and Wang Shu'an's draft which proved his great talent. in July of the sixth year of Longqing (1572), when Shenzong had ascended the throne), he served as the Secretary of the Ministry of household affairs. When he was in office, he and his servant Li Youzi compiled the accounting records of Wanli, which took more time to compile. And Wanli four years (1576) February Jimao (that is, 15) Guoguang again shuqixiu, shenzongxu, life by pass back. In February, Wuzi (i.e. 24) was on the verge of Guoguang's journey. Please publish the books. Geng Yin (i.e. 26) gave an order for commendation. The books were revised and written into the library (Volume 47 of Shenzong Shi Lu and Wang Guoguang's original works). This is the blueprint of accounting records.

personal works

On the Qingming Festival in 1525, Liu Yuchun and his fellow countryman climbed to Lutai mountain in Feng Village of Qinshui County, leaving a quatrains: "climb up the cliff along the winding path, climb to Lutai mountain, and enjoy the scenery of Penglai. the nebula is quiet in the forest day and night, the fairy music comes from the heavenly palace. Tianchi is like a mirror inlaid with mountains and song, and Shiquan is tinkling in the middle of the mountain. Chang'e hears the accompaniment of vocal music, and she is infatuated with the world and forgets to return to the palace.

The poem between immortals in his later years

Xianju is far away in the west of Shuiyun. Once you enter the Qingming Valley, you will find that it is low. A tiger and a leopard on a stone platter hold up the sky and hang a rainbow on the watch. I'm not sure if I'm going to be able to walk across the river. the book of insects is surrounded by four walls, and the future still shows its title.

Other information

There is a record about Wang Guoguang in the notes of the Ming Dynasty: [old man fishing color] Wang taizai Guoguang in Yangcheng, Shanxi Province, was more than 70 years old when he was retired. He was still eating and drinking, and the imperial daughter was as young as when she was young. In the past 18 years, he has gone to the state for nine years. At that time, Bai Haoli, a citizen of Yangcheng City, died of illness. His wife, Li's family, and Wang Su, admired Qi Yan and entrusted Zhu Shengtian to hunt, luring him to be his concubine. His name was Bai Shu, but he didn't obey at the beginning. Later, he used the power to assist, and then he used the benefit to move, so he made Xu Yan. Li swore that he was not more comfortable, but forced him to cut his throat with a knife. It was said that it was a miracle. According to minister Qiao Bixing got it, then sparse to hear. After the investigation, I will not give up. There are people who have been married for more than eight years, or who are addicted to official career and engage in bribery. As for fishing for sex and prostitution, they have never been heard of before. Or King Yun is good at fangzhongshu, so he is old but not sad.

Records of Ming history

Wang Guoguang is a native of Yangcheng. Jiajing 23 years Jinshi. Wujiang county magistrate. There is a suspect prison in the neighboring city, and the interrogation often leads to the situation. Diaoyi Feng was promoted to the head of the military department. Change the Ministry of officials, select the doctor according to the calendar. He moved to the right servant of the household department and the governor cangchang. Thank you for your illness. In the fourth year of Longqing, Zuo Shilang of the Ministry of punishment was appointed as Minister of the Ministry of punishment in Nanjing. Not on, change the Department, and then supervise the warehouse. When Shenzong ascended the throne, he was also in charge of the Ministry. The time books were cumbersome. From the prefectures and counties to the Ministry, there were books, transportation and payment, which were hard for the public and private. Guoguang Shu please cut and merge, to the complicated thirteen four, when said simple. Since Hongzhi, the 13th division of the Ministry of household has been in the office of the government, but the doctor is the only one in charge of the affairs, and the chief executive and the councillor are only absent on the official day. If the doctor doesn't give him the power, he will appoint the officials to be petty, which will do harm and benefit. If you are appointed to the Department, you will be promoted. There are no rates to be paid at the same time. Guoguang asked the imperial minister to verify, and the painting lasted for a long time. Liao Fengjie, the governor of Gansu Province, and so on. In the first year of Wanli, he wrote: "at the beginning of the Republic of China, there were 12 million tons of taxes in summer and grain in autumn. At that time, the councillors were lenient, and they won more than one million yuan. If there is no shortage of the old levy, the state and county will have plenty of storage, and the flood and drought thieves will not be able to deal with the disaster. Today, when there is a shortage of soldiers, they often keep their money in Beijing. It is said that if the Secretary thinks that the problem is very slow, he will hasten the investigation, which will disturb the people. Please make sure that all the officials in charge of the affairs under the jurisdiction of the people's Republic of China, and that the governor's office should report the amount of entry and exit, retention, and liability. The minister department should accommodate the accounting and provide the rest to the border areas. If the company fails to urge them to do so, they will be instructed to do so. " The system can be controlled. It was very difficult for Beijing army to provide grain to Tongzhou. Guoguang asked him to send a man from the Ministry to take charge of the grain department. After three days, all the troops were killed

Chinese PinYin : Wang Guo Guang