Kim Yong San

Kim Yong San

Kim Yong San (Korean: Kobayashi, English: Kim Young Sam, December 20, 1927 - November 22, 2015), No. Jushan, Japan's famous Kimura kangyou, Korean politician, the 7th (14th) president of the Republic of Korea.

Kim Yong was born in Juji Island, South gyeongshang Road, Korea. He graduated from the Department of philosophy, School of Arts and Sciences, Seoul University. He became a politician in 1951, and was elected as the youngest member of the national assembly in 1954. As the leader of the opposition party, he fought against the dictatorship of Park Chung Hee and Quan Dou Huan for a long time. After democratization in 1987, he ran for president and lost to Lu Taiyu. In 1992, he was elected the 14th president of South Korea as a candidate of the democratic and liberal party. In February 1993, he took the oath of office and established the first stable democratic government ruled by literati in South Korea's history. Therefore, Kim Yong San's government is known as the democratic government“

Wenmin government

”（문민정부）。 During his term of office, he took relatively strict anti-corruption measures, made public the property of public officials, and implemented the real name system of finance. At the same time, he put forward the slogan of "globalization" and joined the organization for economic cooperation and development (OECD). The per capita GDP of South Korea broke through the $10000 mark, ranking among the developed countries. In 1993, the first North Korean nuclear crisis occurred on the Korean Peninsula. Kim Yong San's government took relatively tough measures to resolve the crisis under the coordination of the United States and North Korea.

At the end of his term of office, the scandal of Jin Xianzhe, the son of Kim Yong San, came to light, and he had to ask for assistance from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) because he failed to properly deal with the Asian financial crisis, which was regarded as accepting humiliating assistance. As a result, Kim Yong San, who had gained 90% support in the early days of his administration, finally dropped to 6% and left office in February 1998 amid national condemnation. He died on November 22, 2015, at the age of 88. The South Korean government held a national funeral for him.

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Life figures

Early career

On December 20, 1927, Jin Yong was born in a Protestant fishing ground owner's family in mumianwai Puli, the governor of Juji, South Road, Qingshang, Korea. His father, Jin hongzuo, and his mother, Pu Fulian, have one son and five daughters, of whom the only child is Jin Yongsan. Jin hongzuo is the richest man in Juji island with fishing grounds and more than ten fishing boats. Jin hongzuo especially loved his children, and devoted all his love to his only son, Jin Yongsan. With the meticulous care of his parents, Jin Yongsan responded to every request in his growing up years. Naturally, he also developed a character of strong self-esteem and more self-consciousness than anyone else. In particular, his mother has the temperament of a heroine. She is cheerful and kind-hearted. She is very popular in her hometown.

At the age of five, Jin Yongsan went to a private school to study QianZiWen, tongmengxianxi and Chinese calligraphy. At the age of seven, he went to Bendong primary school in waipuli. At the age of ten, he went to Changmu primary school 20 miles away from home to study. After graduation, he went to Tongying middle school. In 1945, he was suspended indefinitely for offending the Japanese principal of the school, Kitajima. On the second day of returning home, I learned the news of Japan's surrender and the liberation of the Korean Peninsula. Subsequently, Jin Yongsan entered Busan's Ching Nan high school (that is, high school, and later Korean President moon Jae in school), and Busan became his second hometown.

After graduating from high school, Kim entered the Department of philosophy, School of Arts and Sciences, Seoul University in 1948. In 1949, he won the prize at the inaugural speech of the government of the Republic of Korea. Taking this opportunity, he got to know Zhang Zexiang, the then Minister of foreign affairs, and began to aspire to politics. Later, Zhang Zexiang became deputy speaker of the national assembly, and Jin Yongsan became his secretary. In the spring of 1952, Zhang Zexiang became the premier of state, and Jin Yongsan became the Secretary of the premier with him.

Young councillors

In May 1954, South Korea held the third parliamentary election. Kim Yong San was nominated by the Liberal Party and participated in the election of his hometown Juji island. He was elected as the youngest member of Parliament at that time. After the end of the general election, the Liberal Party concocted a round off constitutional reform to make Lee Cheng Wan Re elected. As a result, Jin Yongsan quit the Liberal Party and joined the Democratic Party in 1955. In the 4th congress election, Jin Yongsan won the nomination of the Democratic Party and participated in the election of Busan West District, but failed. He believed that the Liberal Party had improper behavior in the election process, and brought the lawsuit of invalid election and invalid election. During the litigation, the 1919 revolution broke out. Since then, Kim Yong San has been elected to the 5th to 10th and 13th congressmen in a row. At that time, due to the May 16 military coup, South Korea entered the era of Park Chung Hee's iron hand rule. Kim Yong San always led the struggle against the democratization of the military dictatorship. As one of the representative leaders of the opposition party, he left a deep impression on the South Korean people.

In 1969, Kim Yong San moved to the house of shangdaodong, Tongque District, Seoul, where the film actor Zhao Meiling once lived, creating a "shangdaodong era" in the political history of South Korea. On June 20, a group of unidentified people sprayed acetic acid into Jin Yongsan's car, who was then the general affairs officer of the New Democratic Party, and then fled. In September, in order to seek long-term governance, park Zhengxi pushed for "three elections to reform the constitution". On November 8, Kim Yong San began to promote the "40 year old generation flagman theory" with the slogan of "saving dying democracy", which means Kim Yong San will run for president and launch a challenge against Park Zhengxi. On January 24 and February 12, 1970, Jin Dazhong and Luo Zhecheng also announced their participation in the presidential election. Although the leader of the party, he Zhenshan, belittled them and said that they were "short of breath", it was difficult to stop their new trend of revitalizing the opposition party. In September of the same year, Jin Yongsan ranked first in the first round of the New Democratic Party presidential election. But in the second round of voting, he lost to Kim Dae Jung, ranking second, and finally did not get the presidential candidacy of the new democratic party. However, he then fully complied with the election results and actively supported Kim Dae Jung's participation in the presidential election.

The champion of democracy

In 1972, park Zhengxi resolutely implemented the reform system. Kim Yong San began to lead social activities aimed at overthrowing the reform system. In 1974, he became the president of the New Democratic Party, thus more actively engaged in the fight against the reform of the constitution. In 1979, at the scene of a sit in demonstration at the party headquarters of the New Democratic Party, when Park Chung Hee's government dispatched police force to suppress it, Jin Yongsan cheered, "the United States must withdraw its support for Park Chung Hee's military dictatorship.". In addition, he was interviewed by the New York Times, which caused a sensation in the society. Jin Yongsan's various behaviors aroused the disgust of Park Zhengxi's regime. In the end, Kim Yong San was removed from the post of president of the New Democratic Party, and the post of congressman was also deprived.

Shortly after Kim Yong San was stripped of his post, Park Chung Hee was assassinated. In 1980, when the so-called "Seoul Spring" came, Kim Yong San was eager to participate in political activities again. However, under the interference of Quan Douhuan, Lu Taiyu and other new military forces, Jin Yongsan was placed under house arrest in his home and prohibited from participating in political activities. From May 18 to June 9, 1983, he launched a hunger strike for 23 consecutive days to express his protest against the dictatorship and demand democratization. His hunger strike has aroused great repercussions in the public opinion circles at home and abroad in South Korea, which has led to the coalition of political forces in the opposition and the establishment of the Democratic Promotion Agreement. Since then, together with Kim Dae Jung, he began to oppose the Quan Douhuan regime and played a central role in the democratization movement.

Losing the election

Kim Yong San and Kim Dae Jung have been committed to amending the Constitution and realizing the direct election system of presidential election. In May 1987, they jointly founded a new political party, the United Democratic Party, and achieved this goal through the democratic struggle in June. On July 10, according to the June 29 declaration, the Quan Douhuan government decided to pardon and restore the political power of Kim Dae Jung (then adviser to the Democratic Party). As a result, the issue of candidates has not only become the core issue of the opposition party, but also become the most concern of all South Korean citizens. In order to select a candidate from the "two gold medals" (Kim Yong San and Kim Dae Jung), many consultations were held in the opposition party, but no results were achieved. Finally, Kim Dae Jung withdrew from the United Democratic Party and established the peace Democratic Party. Then the opposition parties split up, and their desire to end the ruling position of the new military headquarters was aborted.

In the second half of 1987, Lu Taiyu (democratic justice party), Kim Yong San (United Democratic Party), Kim Dae Jung (peace Democratic Party) and Kim Chung mi (Democratic Republican Party) participated in the 13th presidential election of South Korea, and the election process was very fierce. Lu Taiyu, the candidate of the democratic justice party, won the election, while Jin Yongsan came second. If a candidate is selected from the "two gold" to participate in the election, he may be in a more favorable position in the election, but the opposition party can not choose a single candidate in the end, which is a huge stain in the political history of South Korea.

Win the presidency

In January 1990, Jin Yongsan, together with Lu Taiyu, President of the democratic justice party, and Jin zhongmi, President of the Democratic Republican Party, jointly promoted the alliance of the three parties and established the Democratic liberal party. Kim Yong San later became the highest representative of the democratic and liberal party. Since then, there has been fierce competition among various factions of the democratic and liberal party around the issue of presidential candidates. Finally, as the ruling party, the democratic and Liberal Party decided the presidential candidates for the first time by means of free election. Kim Yong San won the democratic and liberal party election and became the party's presidential candidate.

In the 14th General Assembly

Chinese PinYin : Jin Yong San