Zhang Hanzhi

Zhang Hanzhi

Zhang Hanzhi (July 14, 1935 ~ January 26, 2008), the adopted daughter of famous Democrat Zhang Shizhao, was Mao Zedong's English teacher and a famous Chinese diplomat. Born in Shanghai on July 14, 1935, she died in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital at 8:20 a.m. on January 26, 2008 at the age of 73. Her daughter Hong Huang accompanied her through the last moment of her life.

Life figures

Tan Xueqing's biological mother was a famous social flower on the beach of Shanghai. She was once a salesman on the counter of kangkeling pen of Yong'an company, and she was called kangkeling Xishi. His spouse is Chen Du (Chen Boquan), the son of warlord Chen Tiaoyuan. Two unmarried cohabitation, talk about pregnancy, do not want to concubine. Chen Tiaoyuan asked Zhang Shizhao to mediate in private. He entrusted his daughter to Zhang, named Zhang Hanzhi.

He entered Beijing Beiman middle school in 1949. At the same year's Christmas ball, he met Hong Junyan, a student of Yanjing University (later a professor of Peking University) and fell in love.

In 1953, he was recommended to Beijing Institute of foreign languages. He married Hong Junyan in 1957.

In 1960, he graduated from the Graduate Department of English Department of Beijing Institute of foreign languages and taught in Beijing Institute of foreign languages.

He gave birth to his daughter Hong Huang in 1961. He was invited to be Mao Zedong's English teacher in 1963.

In 1966, Hong Junyan was taken as a Lu Ping gang and was arrested, ransacked and supervised.

At the end of March 1971, Zhang Hanzhi joined the Ministry of foreign affairs and successively served as a general staff member, deputy director general, director general and deputy director general of the Asia Department. Together with Wang Hailong, Tang Wensheng, Qi Zonghua and Luo Xu, they are called "five golden flowers in the diplomatic circle".

In 1972, he divorced on the grounds that his husband had an affair.

At the end of 1973, Zhang Hanzhi married Qiao Guanhua, then foreign minister. In the late period of the cultural revolution, Qiao Guanhua inclined to the gang of four and opposed Zhou Enlai. After the cultural revolution, the two were quarantined. In December 1982, the review was inconclusive. On behalf of the Central Committee, Xi Zhongxun declared that it was "written off".

In 1983, he was the executive director of the Chinese people's Association for friendship with foreign countries. In 1987, he was transferred to the director of the International Department of the rural development research center of the State Council. In 1990, he was transferred to director of the International Department of the development research center of the State Council.

He joined the Chinese Writers Association in 1994.

At 8:25 am on January 26, 2008, he died of pulmonary complications in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital. He was 73 years old. Just before Zhang Hanzhi's death, she had finished the manuscript of another memoir. Her daughter Hong Huang said, "after her departure, I will complete the rest, including manuscript revision, historical data verification and publication."

On February 1, 2008, Zhang Hanzhi's funeral was held in Babaoshan and was buried with his adoptive father Zhang Shizhao.

Love and marriage

Before he married Qiao Guanhua, Zhang Hanzhi had a failed marriage. This failed marriage: one is a 15-year-old girl from junior high school, and the other is Hong Junyan, a talented student from Peking University, who has been in love for 8 years.

Zhang Hanzhi's marriage was not happy, but he never got divorced. The day before the delegation went to the United Nations General Assembly in New York, Chairman Mao asked Zhang Hanzhi to make a wise choice in front of everyone.

Qiao Guanhua is 22 years older than Zhang Hanzhi, and he is also the Minister of foreign affairs. In 1973, Qiao Guanhua, 60, was a minister; Zhang Hanzhi, 38, was a director. Even if we put aside the difference in reputation and status, the difference in age is enough to make people look at others. Although Zhang Hanzhi hesitated, he accepted it calmly. Zhang Hanzhi gave up the opportunity to be an ambassador and devoted all his feelings to Qiao Guanhua. After 1976, when she did not want to recall, she and Qiao Guanhua lived a civilian life. No. 51 of Shijia Hutong records everything that they are close to each other.

After Qiao Guanhua's death in 1983, 48 year old Zhang Hanzhi has been immersed in the memory of Qiao. It took another 10 years for her to come out of this feeling of loss.

According to Zhang Hanzhi's memoir "the storm", the reason why Zhang and Hong broke up and even divorced was due to Hong Junyan's affair. From 1993 to 2003, Zhang Hanzhi wrote an article, published a book or received an interview. When he mentioned her divorce from Hong, he always said that the late Chairman Mao Zedong told her to divorce. She said that Chairman Mao criticized her for being worthless and said to her like this: "my teacher, I said you are worthless because you have good face and you don't liberate yourself! Your man has been with others, why don't you divorce? Why are you afraid of being known? The marriage has been blown away. Why don't you liberate yourself? "

In this regard, Hong Junyan, his ex husband, expressed different opinions, which can be seen in Hong Kong's Ming Pao, Hong Junyan: it's hard to look back - before and after Zhang Hanzhi's divorce. The article points out that after Hong suffered from political persecution, Zhang not only did not care and help, but began to associate with other men instead.

Anecdotes of characters

1963 was a memorable year for Zhang Hanzhi. This year she became Mao Zedong's English teacher. Zhang Hanzhi got such a lucky opportunity because of her father's relationship with Mao Zedong. As Zhang Shizhao said, he and Mao Zedong have been friends for decades.

December 26, 1963 is Mao Zedong's 70th birthday. In addition to his relatives, Mao Zedong invited four Hunan villagers, Cheng Qian, ye gongchuo, Wang Jifan and Zhang Shizhao, to a family dinner. The invitation specifically states that you can bring one child without your wife. Zhang Shizhao took Zhang Hanzhi with him.

Mao asked her about her work and said, "Mr. Zhang, would you like to be my teacher? I'll learn English from you. " Zhang Hanzhi thought that Mao Zedong was joking: "Chairman, how dare I be your teacher? You are our teacher." But Mao Zedong was very serious: "if I teach English, I can't be a teacher. I have to worship you as a teacher."

So, from the Sunday after the new year's day in 1964, Zhang Hanzhi went to Mao Zedong to teach English for more than an hour each time for half a year. Every time he finished reading English, Mao Zedong would talk with Zhang Hanzhi about other things for a while.

At the end of March 1971, Zhang Hanzhi entered the Ministry of foreign affairs. First, he did general work in Asia Division, then he was deputy director, and soon he was promoted to deputy director. But her regular job is as an English translator on various foreign affairs occasions. Her special job gave her as many opportunities to meet Mao Zedong as she had to teach English in Zhongnanhai. However, as time went by, she could no longer find the frank and peaceful atmosphere of the 1960s.

During the Cultural Revolution

Later in the cultural revolution, he participated in the criticism of Premier Zhou initiated by the gang of four.

Zhang Hanzhi also admitted his mistakes in his memoirs "I and Qiao Guanhua" and "crossing the thick red gate": "I made two big mistakes. The mistake was to survive. The first time was in the late autumn of 1973 A few years later, I once defended myself and Guan Hua, saying that it was a tragedy caused by the times. "For my own survival and" future ", with the surging waves, I said and did things against my will, and hurt good people. Especially when Premier Zhou was humiliated. " --That's a bit serious. It's true that Zhang Hanzhi and his wife criticized Zhou for their future, but it's impossible to find out whether they were sincere or against their will at that time. As for doing something to relieve the pressure on the prime minister, it was not difficult. For example, after the meeting, Ji Dengkui would find Zhang Zuoliang (prime minister's health care doctor) and ask quietly, "how about it? Are you all right? " Zhang and Joe, they have to do something.

According to Zhang Hanzhi, after a meeting with foreign guests in 1975, Qiao Guanhua made a painstaking analysis of his cowardice in 1973 to the prime minister and got his understanding. But just after that meeting, the staff asked to take a picture with the prime minister. Zhang and Qiao were in the group. After taking a picture, the prime minister suddenly said aloud, "I hope you don't cross my face in the future." Some scholars believe that this is in point Qiao Zhang.

Qiao Guanhua is a cadre promoted by Premier Zhou from 1940s. They have the same relationship with his father and son. At the critical moment, it's a real weapon. But it was Jiang Qing's nurse, Xiao Zhao. The prime minister just solved her problem once. When she was criticizing Zhou, she said to Zhang Zuoliang in the Great Hall: "Doctor Zhang, you don't know. They sleep during the day and come to a meeting at night to fix the prime minister What the hell are they up to? " Zhang asked her to speak softly, and she said, "Doctor Zhang, you don't have to be afraid. I'm responsible for what I say. What I say is all the truth. I'm not afraid of going to jail!" Joe's performance, by contrast, was chilling.

Many years later, Zhang Hanzhi's colleagues in the Asia Department of the Ministry of foreign affairs still insisted that their husband and wife betrayed Premier Zhou. "It's not unjust at all." in the later stage, she helped Jiang Qing to form gangs everywhere, which everyone knows. "A senior diplomat said that because Qiao Guanhua was deeply cultivated and promoted by Zhou Enlai, and Zhou Enlai tried to protect Qiao Guanhua's reinstatement when he was in trouble," this is the only way. " It's unforgivable, "said Qiao and Zhang.

In December 1976, the anti crime group of Yao Jiangqing and Zhang Hongqiao smashed the materials. Among them, his wife Zhang Hanzhi wrote a letter and a photocopy to Mao Zedong on April 25, 1976, written in pen on five pages of white paper,

The full text is as follows

Last summer, we heard a false accusation against Comrade Jiang Qing and Comrade Chunqiao. Now I think it's Deng Xiaoping behind the scenes. Now I will report the event to the chairman:

Last summer, about August, one night, two comrades Hai Rong and Xiao Tang came to me and said that they had something to know. They said they went to see Comrade Kang Sheng. It was Deng Xiaoping who brought them a message that Kang wanted to see them, and later Kang

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Han Zhi