Wang Jian
Wang Jian
Wang Jian (unknown year of birth and death), with the word Weizhang, was born in Dongxiang, Pinyang (now Fuping County, Shaanxi Province). He was a famous general and an outstanding strategist of Qin state during the Warring States period.
When he was young, Wang Jian liked military affairs and served King Ying Zheng of Qin. They led the army to conquer Handan, the capital of Zhao state, and swept the Sanjin area. They conquered Ji, the capital of Yan state, and destroyed Chu state. Wang Jian and his son Wang Ben became the greatest contributions of Qin Shihuang to unify the six countries and expand the territory. Because of his outstanding achievements, he worshipped the grand master and was granted the title of marquis Wu Cheng.
After the reunification of China, Qin Shihuang was not assisted in establishing a virtuous government and consolidating the foundation of the country. Compared with Bai Qi, it can be said that "every inch has its own strong points". With his outstanding military command ability, he was known as "four famous generals of the Warring States period" together with Bai Qi, Li Mu and Lian Po. Later generations respected Wang Jian as the common ancestor of Wang family in Langya and Taiyuan.
Life of the characters
Early experience
Wang Jian was born in Pinyang Dongxiang (today's Fuping County, Shaanxi Province). According to the deduction of "New Tang Dynasty book · Prime Minister genealogy table", Wang Jian was the 18th grandson of Prince Jin after Prince Jin of ZhouLing. When he was young, he liked military affairs and served Qin Shihuang.
In the 11th year of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty (236 B.C.), Wang Jian led the army to attack Caoyu of Zhao state. Wang Jian led the army for only 18 days. Then he ordered the Xiaowei, who was dissatisfied with Baishi, to go home and chose two of them from the ten members of the original army to stay in the army. As a result, all those who remained were the elite of the army. Wang Jian used this elite army with high morale to capture Kaiyu and Zhao's nine cities at the same time.
Sweeping the three Jin Dynasty
After the eradication of LV Buwei and Gu, Ying Zheng, king of Qin, was officially in charge, and the war of Qin's unification began. The war of unification began with the Qin army's attack on Zhao in 236 BC, which lasted for 15 years. During this period, in addition to Wang Jian, who was the first to perish in South Korea, the other five countries were either destroyed by Wang Jian or conquered by his son Wang Ben.
In the 18th year of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty (229 BC), Wang Jian sent troops from Shangjun to Jingxing, echoing with the two armies of Yang Duanhe. Prepare to attack and destroy the state of Zhao at one stroke. As a result, he met Li Mu, a famous general of Zhao state, and had a stalemate for more than a year. Wang Jian used the counter strategy to get rid of Li Mu. After Li Mu's death, Wang Jian went ahead with great momentum, defeated the Zhao army, killed Zhao Cong, the general of Zhao army, captured Handan, the capital of Zhao state, and captured Zhao wangqian. The original lands of Zhao state were transferred into Qin land and became Qin county.
In 227 BC, the emperor Jing Ke took advantage of this famous event to assassinate King Jing. Wang Xi of Yan and Zhao Jia of Dai joined forces to resist the Qin army, which was led by Prince Dan of Yan, and finally defeated by the Yishui River to bid farewell to Jing Ke. Wang Jian took advantage of the situation to capture the city thistle of Yandu, and the king of Yan Xi fled to Liaodong, and the state of Yan also died in name.
In the 21st year of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty (226 BC), the king of Qin sent Wang Ben, the son of Wang Jian, to attack the state of Chu and defeat the Chu soldiers. In the 22nd year of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty (225 BC), Wang Ben led his army to the north to attack the state of Wei, and finally flooded the city of Daliang with the Yellow River and Dagou water. The king of Wei made a false surrender. Then Wang Ben pacified all parts of the state of Wei, and set dangjun to the east of Wei.
Attack and destroy Chu state
In 226 B.C., King Ying Zheng of Qin Dynasty called together his officials to discuss the plan of destroying Chu. Wang Jian thought that it was necessary to have 600000 people. Li Xin thought that Chu could be defeated if there were no more than 200000 people. King Zheng of Qin Dynasty was overjoyed that Wang Jian was too old to use. He sent Li Xin and Meng Tian to lead 200000 troops to attack Chu. Chu general Xiang Yan responded to 200000 Qin troops with 400000 Chu troops. As a result, Wang Jian said he was ill and returned to his hometown.
Soon after, the Chu army deliberately showed weakness, fought and retreated, retained elite troops, raided Li Xin from behind, greatly defeated the Qin army's two battalions, and killed the Qin army's seven captains, which was one of the rare defeats during the Qin's annihilation of the six kingdoms.
After hearing the news, the king of Qin was very angry. He took the express train to Bingyang to apologize to Wang Jian and agreed to the request for more troops. Wang Jian led 600000 troops to set out. When Wang Jian went out to fight, he asked the king of Qin to "invite many beautiful fields and houses" and "take inviting fields and houses as his descendants' property". Before going out, he asked for beautiful fields five times in a row, and even his subordinates began to worry about whether it would be too much His intention: the king of Qin was suspicious by nature. Now all the soldiers in the state of Qin are in his hands. At this time, only by asking the king of Qin for many things, can he show that he has nothing to ask for but money, so as to eliminate the king of Qin's fear of supporting his troops and supporting himself.
In the 23rd year of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty (224 BC), Wang Jian led the expedition to Chu. After the army arrived at the border of Chu, it was hard to get out for a whole year. 600000 soldiers hoarded up to recuperate and even competed to throw stones every day for entertainment. Xiang Yan's 400000 Chu troops did not dare to attack because of the relatively small number of troops. One year later, they finally couldn't help it. Just as the Chu troops were moving eastward, Wang Jian led his troops to defeat the Chu troops and kill Xiang Yan in Qi. More than a year later, he captured the king of Chu and pacified the state of Chu. After that, Wang Jian went south to Baiyue and won the victory. He became a Marquis of Wu for his meritorious service.
Since then, Wang Jian's experience is unknown. As soon as he said, he retreated bravely and ended up well.
Character achievement
Plan to kill Wei Qi
Fan Ju was a famous counsellor in the pre Qin period. He laid a solid foundation for the unification of the six states by the strategy of "making friends from afar and attacking at close range". He was the enemy of Wei Qi, the Prime Minister of the state of Wei. Fan Ju once threatened that the state of Wei would hand over Wei Qi, otherwise he would raise troops to attack Wei. The situation forced Wei Qi to abandon his seal and flee to the state of Zhao.
After the war of Changping, Wang Jian offered advice to King Zhao of Qin. King Zhao wrote a letter to invite Pingyuan king to Hanguguan for dinner. King Zhao acted according to the plan and lured Pingyuan king to take the bait. When he came, he took the opportunity to detain him and escort him to Xianyang. If we summon Handan again, we will not release Pingyuan king if we say that we can't accept Wei and Qi.
Just after the battle of Changping, King Xiaocheng of Zhao was in a state of shock, so he quickly sent troops to surround Pingyuan Jun's house and capture Wei Qi. Wei Qi fled to Wei xinlingjun, who did not dare to take him in. Wei Qi had no choice but to commit suicide. King Xiaocheng of Zhao got the head of Wei and Qi, and sent people to Xianyang in the starry night. Then the king of Qin released Pingyuan to return to Zhao. Wang Jian won the first place of Wei Qi without a single soldier of Qin state, which solved the hatred of fan Ju for many years.
suppress the rebellion
In the eighth year of the reign of the king of Qin (239 BC), the king of Qin ordered his younger brother, Chang'an Jun, Cheng Yu, to be the main general, and fan Yuqi was the deputy general to lead the army to attack the state of Zhao. Unexpectedly, Chang'an Jun rebelled at the instigation of fan Yuqi.
Ying Zheng sent Wang Jian to fight the rebellion. Wang Jian sent lobbyists to infiltrate the rebels, met Chang'an Jun, and delivered a letter to persuade him to surrender. He used both sense and reason, and used both kindness and power. The rebellion subsided. Fan Yuqi fled to the state of Yan. But unfortunately, Chang'an Jun did not save his life later.
Eradicate the Lu family
At the beginning of Qin's accession to the throne, because he was young, the government was controlled by the Prime Minister Lu Buwei. Lu Buwei's power fell into the government and infidelity with the Empress Dowager. Seeing that Qin Shihuang was getting older, he was afraid of the east window incident and wanted to leave the Empress Dowager. He was also afraid of the Empress Dowager's resentment, so he offered a fake eunuch to the Empress Dowager.
He and the Empress Dowager gave birth to two illegitimate children in Yongcheng, the former capital of the Qin Dynasty (now Fengxiang, Shaanxi). With the help of the empress dowager, he was granted a long letter to the marquis. He owned Shanyang, Taiyuan and other places. He collected his own party members and operated in Yongcheng for many years, and established a huge force.
In 238 BC, Ying Zheng went to Yongcheng, where the Empress Dowager was. Wang Jian led the army to suppress Xianyang and sent 30000 elite soldiers to protect the king of Qin. After the king of Qin left, LV Buwei took control of the state affairs in Xianyang, the capital of the state. Wang Jian kept quiet and dispatched his troops to be ready for change. He launched a mutiny to attack the Qinian palace where King Ying Zheng of Qin lived, which is known as the "change of Qinian Palace" in history. The king of Qin was aware of the plot in time. He dispatched troops to pacify the rebellion and pursue and cut down the gang. He cleaned up hundreds of people in the gang in Xianyang. Therefore, LV Buwei was involved in the incident and was soon removed from the post of prime minister. Soon, at the suggestion of Wang Jian, he was given death, and the first emperor of Qin took full control of the state power.
Character evaluation
General comments
Wang Jian was an outstanding military strategist in the state of Qin and a rare general after Bai Qi. As an outstanding strategist in the Qin Dynasty, Wang Jian's main achievements include destroying Handan, the capital of the state of Zhao, and destroying Yan and Zhao; destroying Chu with most of the troops of the state of Qin, and together with his son Wang Ben, he became the greatest hero of the first emperor of Qin in destroying the six states. His outstanding military command ability made him one of the four famous generals in the Warring States period, along with Bai Qi, Li Mu and Lian Po. Wang Jian fought countless battles in his life. He was wise but not violent, brave and resourceful. He was very valuable in the Warring States period when he killed so many people. In the 26th year of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty (221 BC), the state of Qin annexed all the vassal states and unified the world. Wang Jian and Meng Tianli made the most contributions in the war. Wang Jian is the ancestor of Wang family in Langya and Taiyuan in Tang Dynasty.
Historical evaluation
Sima Qian: "Wang's and Meng's achievements are many, and their names are given to later generations." "Wang Jian was the general of the Qin Dynasty and the barbarians of the six states. At that time, Jian was the general of the Qin Dynasty and the first emperor was the master of it. However, he could not help Qin Jiande, consolidate its foundation, steal from each other and even kill himself."
Ban Gu: "if the Qin Dynasty, because of the victory of the fourth generation and the resistance of rivers and mountains, appointed Bai Qi and Wang Jian, the disciples of jackals and wolves, fought hard for their paws and teeth, and hunted the six countries to unite the world. Poor and deceitful, not attached to the people, soldiers and officials of the apprentice, but also for the enemy's revenge, from the cloud together, the fruit of a total of rolling, anxious City killing surplus City, fight for land killing wild. The disciples of sun, Wu, Shang and Bai were all killed in the front, but the country was destroyed later. The trend of retribution is different from each other, and the way of retribution is natural. "
Sima Zhen: "Bai Qi and Wang Jian are both good at using troops. Pass it to the general of Qin Dynasty, pull it out and break the Jing. Zhao Ren Ma Fu, Changping Sui Yi. Chu trapped Li Xin and took over the army. The three generations of Ben and Li are nameless. "
Du Mu: "the Duke of Qi in Zhou Dynasty, Wang Jian in Qin Dynasty, Han Xin, Zhao Chongguo, Geng Gong, Yu Xu, Duan Yu in Han Dynasty, Sima Yi in Wei Dynasty and Wu you in Han Dynasty
Chinese PinYin : Wang Jian
Wang Jian
