Zhang Jue
Zhang Jue
Zhang Jue, zijunyu, was a famous general in the late Southern Song Dynasty and a national hero. Longxi Fengzhou (now the northeast of Fengxian County in Shaanxi Province) people, known as "Sichuan general.".
Zhang Jue stayed in the fishing city for a long time, prevented and smashed the large-scale invasion of Mongolia, and defended half of the Southern Song Dynasty. In the struggle against Mongolia, he relied on the vast number of soldiers and civilians, resolutely resisted the Mongolian soldiers, and opposed compromise and surrender. He not only made brilliant achievements and meritorious contributions, but also put forward the idea of uniting the enslaved nationalities to fight against the yuan and peaceful coexistence among the nationalities and their regimes.
personal data
Zhang Jue? - 1280), a famous general of the Southern Song Dynasty. Zhang Jue was a big and strategic man who was good at using troops and dealing with government affairs.
At the age of 18, Zhang Jue joined the army in the fishing City, the new residence of Hezhou (today's Hechuan, Chongqing), and was promoted to the command of the capital of the Chinese Army due to the establishment of many meritorious deeds.
In the last year of emperor LiZong's reign of Song Dynasty (1258), the Mongolian army invaded Sichuan, broke through the Jiping pass, conquered Changning mountain (now Cangxi in Sichuan), and killed Wang Zuo and his son. After arriving in Langzhou (now Langzhong, Sichuan Province), Yang Dayuan was subdued and Zhao Guang was killed. When he arrived in Pengzhou (now Pengan, Sichuan Province), he surrendered to General Zhang Dayue and sent Shi Zeshan to die. Shunqing (now Nanchong, Sichuan) and Guang'an (now Guang'an, Sichuan) counties were conquered with overwhelming momentum.
In the first year of Kaiqing (1259), the battle to defend Hezhou was officially launched. The Mongol troops surrounded Hezhou with excellent equipment. For nine months before and after Zhang Jue and Wang jianxie defended the fishing City, they defeated the Mongolian army for many times. Mongolian Khan mengge was injured and died at the foot of the fishing mountain, and then retired (see the battle of the fishing city).
In the first year of JINGDING (1260), Wang Jian left Hezhou, and the imperial court took Ma Qian as the capital of Xingyuan (now Hanzhong, Shaanxi) to unify and know Hezhou. In the fourth year of JINGDING (1263), Ma Qian's son sent soldiers to huxiangshan and was captured by Mongolian soldiers. He wrote many books to persuade him to surrender. Ma Qian wavered, and the imperial court appointed Zhang Jue as the governor of Hezhou. Zhang Jue was strong, brave and resourceful. He was good at using troops to fight wars. He set up ambush with strange troops, but he never made a mistake.
In October, Zhang Jue was promoted to be the military capital of Xingyuan prefecture (now Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province) and the pacifier on the East Road of Lizhou (now Guangyuan, Sichuan Province) and the governor of Hezhou. Because Xingyuan Prefecture had been occupied by the Mongolian army, the duzhisi and appeasement Shi Si were also moved to Hezhou. After taking office, Zhang Jue actively restored local agricultural production, trained soldiers, and repaired weapons, making full preparations for the defense of Hezhou. Zhang Jue's management is strict, and rewards and punishments are clear. Even criminals are highly rewarded for their meritorious deeds, and even close relatives are not tolerant of their crimes. Therefore, everyone works hard, both public and private.
Kublai Khan continued to attack the Song Dynasty, besieged and isolated the fishing City, sent heavy troops to occupy daliangping (today's Guang'an, Sichuan), built more Huxiang mountain city, and constantly sent troops to attack liangshanjun (today's Liangping, Chongqing) and Zhongzhou (today's Zhongxian, Chongqing), Wanzhou (today's Wanzhou, Chongqing), Kaizhou (today's Kaixian, Chongqing) and Dazhou (today's Dazhou, Sichuan). Farmers could not farm, and there were no soldiers In order to get into Quzhou (now Quxian County, Sichuan Province), the Song Dynasty had to do its best to escort troops from several counties and fight under the two cities.
In November of 1266, the second year of emperor duzong's reign in Song Dynasty, Zhang Jue's faction led 50 brave men with axes to enter from the west gate and recover the Pingshan city and huxiangshan city of Daliang. In April of 1267, the third year of Xianchun, tens of thousands of Mongolian soldiers broke through Chongqing's defense line and went out of Hezhou City. Zhang Jue anchored the ship in the river in the Qianlong River, cut off the river and built a water city to resist. He defeated tens of thousands of Mongolian troops again.
After Yu Yu adopted the strategy of Ran brothers, the general moved to Diaoyu mountain, and the city walls were solid. But Kaizhou and Chongqing suffered from the disaster of war, and the people were very poor. Zhang Jue used the military to protect the cultivation outside, and taught the people inside to cultivate the land and store grain. In less than two months, the public and private expenses were both sufficient.
In 1271, Kublai changed his name to Dayuan and established his capital in Dadu (today's Beijing). He adopted the traditional economic and cultural ideology of the Chinese nation to fight against the Southern Song Dynasty, wantonly summoned officials and soldiers of the Southern Song Dynasty, and even the vagrant people gathered to see him. He valued the surrender officials, and the war between Mongolia and Song Dynasty was transformed into a war of feudal dynasty replacement. He set up Sichuan Province in Chengdu and attacked Jinghu with heavy troops Liu Zheng, a demoted General of the Southern Song Dynasty who was familiar with the military situation in Sichuan, attacked and persuaded the army to surrender. He narrowed the encirclement of Yuyu city and Chongqing, and cut off the channel between Chongqing and Yuyu City, waiting for an opportunity to break through. In the north, from Qingju (now Southeast of Nanchong, Sichuan Province) to hanchu (now hanchu village, Liemian Town, wusheng County, Sichuan Province), Dingyuan (now wusheng, Sichuan Province), wusheng Army (now old county and township of wusheng, Sichuan Province) and Dingyuan Army (now wusheng, Sichuan Province) were established, about 45 kilometers away from the fishing city.
In April 1272, Zhang Jue built a city in Yisheng mountain (now North Sichuan) across the river from Diaoyu City to strengthen its defensive ability. In the first month of the next year, the yuan army's box thorns invaded the fishing city again. After Zhang Jue got the news, Zhang Jue's subordinates suggested to send troops to compete with the yuan soldiers for MAZONGSHAN and hudingshan. Zhang Jue said, "turnip pingmude and Zhangcheng are the places where Marshal Wang (Wang Dechen) gathered. We attack him unexpectedly. The horsemen must look after their future, not the city." So "Zhang suspicious soldiers at jiaqukou" and "sneaking troops across Pingyang Beach" attacked the two cities, burned the yuan army's money, grain and equipment, crossed the village 70 Li, burned the shipyard, and the yuan army controlled Zhou Hu to death. It not only defeated the yuan army's attack, but also broke the yuan army's plan to build cities in the two places and control Jiangkou in order to win Hezhou. In 1274, Zhang Jue was promoted to Chengxuan envoy of Ningyuan army.
In 1275, Zhang Jue was appointed Vice Minister of Sichuan and magistrate of Chongqing. In May, we will increase the number of school inspectors. He also ordered him to lead troops to Beijing to defend the capital, but the road to Sichuan had been blocked, and the imperial edict could not be delivered. In June, min Wanshou descended to the Yuan Dynasty with Jiading (now Leshan City, Sichuan Province), sanguicheng and Jiuding City, and the general Hou Du died in the United Front. The yuan army took advantage of the situation to occupy Luzhou, Xuzhou (now Xuyong County, Sichuan Province), Changning (now Changning County, Yibin County, Sichuan Province), Fushun (now Fushun County, Sichuan Province), Kaizhou, Dazhou, Bazhou (now Bazhong County, Sichuan Province) and Quzhou to attack Chongqing and set up a floating platform in the Yangtze River and Jialing River Liang, stop foreign aid. The yuan army besieged Chongqing from autumn to winter, and Chongqing's aid was exhausted. Although Zhang Jue was still guarding Hezhou, he "repeatedly entered the city among the dead, promised to help, and planned to defend it.".
The next year, in order to save Chongqing from long-term siege, Zhang Jue sent Zhao an to attack qingjucheng (now Nanchong, Sichuan), where the yuan army's Marshal's mansion is located, to capture the Yuan Dynasty and pacify Liu CAI and discuss Ma song. In February, Zhang Wan was sent into Chongqing by boat to reinforce the Chongqing garrison. In April, he joined the Chongqing army to attack Luzhou, and made friends with Luzhou scholars Liu Lin and Xian Kunpeng. At this time, the Southern Song Dynasty, headed by Emperor Gong and Empress Dowager Xie, had surrendered to the yuan army. In May, song duanzong rebuilt the Southern Song Dynasty regime in Fuzhou (now Fujian), which was changed to the first year of Jingyan (1276). In June, Zhang Jue sent Zhao an, Wang Shichang and others to recover Luzhou (now in Sichuan), capture Mei Yingqing alive and die.
The yuan army was forced to retreat from Chongqing and then besieged Luzhou. In December of the same year, Zhao Dingying welcomed Zhang Jue into Chongqing as the Sichuan institution envoy, and sent Zhang Wan and Cheng Cong to lead the troops to recover Fuzhou (now Fuling, Chongqing). Shi Jin and Zhang Shijie died in the battle, but Zhang wanjian couldn't hold on. He captured Yang Li's wife and daughter and appeased Li Duan. Zhang Jue took charge of Cheng Cong as his capital, and all Chongqing Yuanbing retreated.
Zhang Jue heard that Zhao Shi, king of Yi, and Zhao Min, king of Wei, were emperors in Guangzhou, and sent hundreds of soldiers to seek the location of the two kings. Zhang Jue dispatched Shi Xunzhong and Zhao an to rescue Luzhou. He also sent Zhang Wan to Kuizhou to join forces with the army of Zhongzhong and Fuzhou to conquer Shimen and bawuzhai, and obtained more than 100 yuan soldiers. Jiedaning (today's Wuxi, Chongqing) siege, break the eighteen villages. The situation in eastern Sichuan improved for a time.
At the end of the first year of Jingyan (1276), Yuan army attacked Sichuan again. In June of the second year of Jingyan, Yuan General Zhang Derun conquered Fuzhou and captured general Cheng Cong. Before that, Cheng Cong strongly advocated the idea of guarding the city in Chongqing. Zhang Jue came to Chongqing and did not agree with him. He sent him out to guard Fuzhou. Cheng Cong went to Fuzhou and was unhappy because of the injustice. He was caught unprepared. Zhang Derun carried Cheng Cong back in a sedan chair and told him, "your son Cheng Pengfei has been appointed to participate in politics. You can get together with him day and night." Cheng Cong said: "I was caught, he surrendered, not my son. This month, Yuan Shian surrendered. In October, Tiansheng city of Wanzhou was conquered, and the soldiers of Yuan Dynasty killed general Shangguan Kui. In November, Luzhou's grain was clean, and people ate each other, so yuan soldiers broke Luzhou and appeased Wang Shichang to hang himself. The yuan army was stationed in Chongqing, Fotuguan, Nancheng, zhucunping and the Yangtze River. The yuan army sent Li Cong to surrender, but Zhang Jue did not. In December, Xian ruzhong, a demoted General of Dazhou, defeated Huanghuacheng (now Zhongxian County of Chongqing), captured Ma Kun alive, and Bao Shen, a military envoy, died in a street battle.
In the spring of 1278, Zhang Jue sent Li Yi, the general manager of Zhang Jue, to lead his army through guangyangba, and the whole army was destroyed. In February, the soldiers of the Yuan Dynasty broke through Shaoqing mansion (now Pengshui, Chongqing), captured guard general Xianlong, and sentenced Zhao Li and Zhao Youtai in Hubei Province to suicide. Zhang Jue led his troops out of Xunfeng gate and fought with general yuan at fusangba (now near dongshuimen in Chongqing). The generals attacked Zhang Jue from behind, and Zhang Jue's army was defeated.
The grain in Chongqing city has run out. Zhang Jue's Department Zhao an wrote a letter to persuade Zhang Jue to surrender, but Zhang Jue didn't agree. Zhao an and Zhang Xia
Chinese PinYin : Zhang Jue
Zhang Jue
