Huang Yushan

Huang Yushan

Huang Yushan (1917.10.15-1987.6.9), born in Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, is a Chinese aviation educator and structural mechanics expert.

He graduated from the Department of civil engineering of National Central University in 1935, obtained a master's degree from the Department of Aeronautical Engineering of Imperial College of London in July 1939, obtained a doctor's degree from Stanford University in 1940, and was a professor of Aeronautical Engineering of National Central University in 1940. He was less than 23 years old at that time. In April 1981, he founded the Institute of aircraft structural strength of Northwestern Polytechnic University as the director.

Huang Yushan has been engaged in teaching, scientific research and academic leadership in the field of aviation, aerospace and mechanics all his life. His academic contributions are in many aspects. In his early years, he was engaged in the research of aircraft structure and thin-walled plate and shell, and later devoted to the engineering research of fatigue and fracture. His main works include "mechanics of aircraft structure", "fracture and fatigue", etc. He has published dozens of papers at home and abroad alone or in cooperation with others. He has more than 10 monographs, translations and textbooks, and more than 70 papers.

Life of the characters

On October 15, 1917, Huang Yushan was born in Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province. His father Huang Kui, whose name is Junya, studied in Japan at public expense in his early years. He joined the alliance with Sun Yat Sen and joined the revolution of 1911. He once taught in Guizhou Army school. His mother Ni Duan graduated from normal school and was a primary school teacher. They had four sons and three daughters. Yushan was the eldest son. Huang Yushan's parents attach great importance to his early childhood education. When he was 3 years old, he hired a private school teacher to enlighten him. Later, he had a martial arts teacher to teach him boxing. He also prepared a copy of the painting of mustard garden. At the age of 9, Mr. Huang Yushan has read many ancient books, such as "dragon whip", "Analects of Confucius", "Mencius" and "the book of songs", and has acquired the basic skills of chanting poetry, practicing martial arts, painting and playing chess. In 1927, under the guidance of his cousin Lu Zongfan, he entered Nanjing Zhongying middle school to take part in the third grade of junior high school. At that time, he was only 10 years old, while his classmates were all over 14 years old. In 1931, Xia was admitted to the Department of civil engineering, National Central University, when he was less than 14 years old. In 1935, he graduated from the University and joined the special mechanical research class of Central University to study aviation engineering. After one and a half years of study, he got excellent grades, but he failed to take the graduation examination due to illness. When he recovered from illness, he took the make-up examination. The school stipulated that the maximum score of the make-up examination was 60 points, so he lost a chance to study at public expense in the United States. At the end of 1936, after graduating from the graduate class, he stayed in school to teach. In 1937, he went to the Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Imperial College of London. In 1938, he joined the Royal aviation society as a student member. In July 1939, he obtained his master's degree. In September of that year, he transferred to Stanford University in the United States and studied with Professor S. Timoshenko, a famous scientist. In only one year, he received his doctorate. In 1940, he returned to China and became a professor in the Department of Aeronautical Engineering at the school of technology, National Central University. He was less than 23 years old at that time and was known as "baby professor". From 1940 to 1943, he was a professor of Central University and a special researcher of Aeronautical Research Institute. In 1942, he began to work as a special researcher of CAAC. During the Anti Japanese War, at the three annual meetings of the Chinese society of engineers, he read out academic papers and won many awards for excellent academic papers. Every year, he has published many papers in Chinese and foreign academic journals. After the victory of the Anti Japanese War, the Central University moved back to Nanjing. in 1946, he was the director of the Department of Aeronautical Engineering of Central University. Later, he successively served as the professor and department director of Zhejiang University, Nanjing University, East China aeronautical college, Xi'an aeronautical college and Northwest University of technology. In September 1947, he began to act as the director of the Department of Aeronautical Engineering. In the same year, he was elected vice president of Nanjing Branch of the Chinese society of Aeronautical Engineering. In addition, he is also a professor of Aviation Engineering Department of Zhejiang University. During 1952-1976, with the adjustment and relocation of colleges and departments, he successively served as the director of the Department of aircraft of East China aeronautical college, Xi'an aeronautical college and Northwest University of technology. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1956. In 1962, recommended by Qian Xuesen, Huang Yushan was appointed as a consultant of the Fifth Research Institute of the Ministry of national defense; in the same year, he was employed as a member of the mechanics professional group of the State Science and Technology Commission. In 1963, the Sixth Research Institute of the Ministry of national defense hired Huang Yushan to serve concurrently as a member of the technical committee and leader of the structural strength group of the Institute. In 1964, appointed by Premier Zhou Enlai of the State Council, he also served as the director of the Fifth Research Institute of the first branch of the Fifth Research Institute of the Ministry of national defense (now 702 Institutes of the first Aerospace Institute, namely the Institute of structural strength and flight environment). During 1971-1978, he attended or presided over 36 international and national conferences held by the State Council, the science and Technology Commission for national defense, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of the third machinery industry. In 1975, he suffered from cerebral thrombosis. Since May, he has been working with the disease for 17 years. Even when his health is getting worse, he still forgets to work as usual. On November 16, 1978, when he attended the planning meeting of the national defense science and Technology Commission, he had a relapse of cerebral thrombosis, which was extremely serious. He was rescued by many ways, but left sequelae. in April 1981, he founded the Institute of aircraft structural strength of Northwestern Polytechnic University as director. on June 9, 1987, he died in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province.

Main achievements

Achievements in scientific research

Since the early 1970s, according to the development of foreign aviation technology and the actual needs of China, he has specialized in the research of fatigue and fracture, and is the main founder of fatigue life determination and damage tolerance design of old aircraft in China. He directed the damage tolerance assessment and life extension research of J-5 main girder, H-6 beam frame, J-6 wing and J-8 wing, and presided over the expert group to examine and approve the structural design schemes of J-8, H-6, Y-7, Y-8 and Y-10 aircraft.

Research on the theory of plate and shell

In 1940, Mr. Huang Yushan developed a reduced order integral method in his doctoral dissertation on "bending of plates with midplane moment" and skillfully derived Levy's solution for bending and stability analysis of such thin plates. He also applied the superposition principle to obtain the Levy's solution for the bending of rectangular thin plates with fixed or free edges under various lateral external loads. The result was read out at the 11th Annual Meeting of the Chinese society of engineers in 1942 and was awarded by the society. In 1942, Mr. Huang Yushan directed Feng Yuanzhen's master's thesis "the stability of the opposite side pressure of the thin curved bar and thin curved plate with micro bending", which demonstrated that when the symmetric curved bar or curved plate is subjected to the symmetric side pressure, the critical pressure of instability can be significantly reduced due to the asymmetric small disturbance. This topic has been a long time and the research on nonlinear buckling is still in progress. Feng Yuanzhen pointed out in a nacatn2840 report written in 1952 that the proposition and solution of this kind of problem was founded by Mr. Huang Yushan. According to the characteristics of thin-walled structures such as aviation and ships, Mr. Huang Yushan put forward a new proposition to discuss the analysis of plate instability. Considering that the plate length between stiffeners is less than the plate width, he simplified it into four typical support cases according to the ratio of bending and torsion stiffness of transverse reinforcement, and obtained the corresponding levy solution. in the early 1960s, in order to meet the needs of aerospace structure analysis, Huang Yushan carried out theoretical analysis and Experimental Research on the bearing capacity of thin-walled circular tube when it collapsed into rhombic wave under axial pressure. He paid attention to explore the reason why the theoretical analysis of A. Pugsley et al. Was not in good agreement with the experimental results. Through the experiment, he observed that the triangular plate continued to deform in the unstable rhombic wave. It was not mainly shear deformation as Pugsley et al. Thought, but there was a large compression deformation along the longitudinal direction. So he considered both shear and compression deformation, and applied the energy principle of plastic limit analysis to derive a new theoretical formula. The new formula not only can calculate the average collapse load, but also can calculate the upper and lower limit of collapse load, which is in good agreement with the experimental results.

Deep research on mechanics of thin wall structure to solve engineering problems

in some works on beam theory of thin-walled structure engineering, the track of bending axis and section bending center of structure is often confused. Huang Yushan's master's thesis "the difference between the track of the bending center and the bending axis" in 1939 and his thesis in 1941 clarify this problem from the physical concept, and apply the principle of minimum work to draw the important conclusion that the track of the bending center is quite different from the bending axis, the track of the bending center is relatively straight, and the bending axis is very tortuous, but the bending axis always revolves on both sides of the bending center track. This conclusion is in good agreement with the measured results of a wing manufactured by dehaviland company. In the early 1960s, Huang Yushan first extended the direct design method to thin-walled structures, and published two papers (19611964). The principle of the method is simple, the calculation is fast, and it is suitable for local structural modification and optimization design. At the end of 1950s, Mr. Huang Yushan first extended this method to solve the multi space rigid frame directly, and achieved success. In 1960, Mr. Huang Yushan developed an engineering calculation method based on the minimum energy method and column ratio analysis method..

The leader of self excited vibration theory

In 1957, Mr. Huang Yushan established the aeroelastic research group in the Department of aircraft, Xi'an aeronautical college, which he presided over. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, the research group cooperated closely with various research institutes and successively completed the flutter model experiment of j-jiao-1 aircraft and the flutter experiment of missile wings in supersonic wind tunnel. Later, the J-6 was modified

Chinese PinYin : Huang Yu Shan