chief counsellor of Liu Bang

chief counsellor of Liu Bang

Zhang Liang (?)? He was born in Yingchuan city in 189 BC. At the end of Qin Dynasty and the beginning of Han Dynasty, he was an outstanding counsellor, a statesman and founder of the Western Han Dynasty.

Zhang Liang was the Prime Minister of the king of Korea for five dynasties. Liu Bang was urged to make a humble speech at the Hongmen banquet, preserve his strength, and dredge Xiang Yu's father, Xiang Bo, so that Liu Bang could get away smoothly. By virtue of his excellent wisdom, he helped Liu Bang, the king of Han Dynasty, win the Chu Han war, establish the Great Han Dynasty, and help Liu Ying, the son of empress Lu, become the crown prince and be canonized as the remaining marquis.

He is proficient in Huang Lao's way and does not love power. In his later years, he traveled around the world with juniper. After Zhang Liang died, his posthumous title was Wencheng. The biography of Zhang Liang is specially recorded in the historical records of liuhou family. Liu Bang, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, commented on him in the south palace of Luoyang: "I'm not as good as Zifang if I win thousands of miles away from the curtain."

Life of the characters

To receive books on the wall

Zhang Liang was born in an aristocratic family. His grandfather was elected Prime Minister of the Warring States period. His father, Zhang Ping, also succeeded as Prime Minister of the two Korean dynasties. By the time of Zhang Liang, South Korea had gradually declined. With the fall of South Korea, Zhang Liang lost the chance to inherit his father's career and his position of glory. Therefore, he had a hatred for his country and family, and concentrated this hatred on one point - anti Qin. Zhang Liang went to the east to meet Cang Haijun and work out a murder plan. After his brother died, he scattered his family's money and found a strong man to make a 120 Jin hammer (about 60 kg) for him. Then he sent someone to inquire about the whereabouts of Emperor Qinshihuang's eastward tour. According to the regulations of emperor and Minister chariots, the emperor's six chariots, that is, the chariots taken by Qin Shihuang, were drawn by six horses, while the other ministers were drawn by four horses. The target of the assassination was six chariots.

In 218 B.C. (29th year of the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty), the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty made a tour to the East. Zhang Liang soon learned that the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty's Tour team was about to arrive in Yangwu county (the eastern half of the former Yangxian county). Therefore, Zhang Liang commanded the Hercules to ambush in gulangsha, a must pass place to Yangwu county. Not long after that, I saw 36 motorcades coming from the west to bolangsha. The gongs were blaring in front of the motorcade, followed by the horse team clearing the court. The black flag guard of honor was walking in the front, and on both sides of the motorcade, large and small officials were crowding. Seeing this scene, Zhang Liang and Hercules confirmed that it was Qin Shihuang's motorcade that arrived. But all the chariots were four cars. It was not clear which one was Qin Shihuang's car. Only the car in the middle of the motorcade was the most luxurious one. So he went to the chariot to command Zhang Lishi. The 120 Jin hammer will kill the passengers. Zhang Liang ran into the reeds and fled the scene (there is no record of whether Lishi escaped or not). However, it was only the auxiliary car that was hit by the Hercules. Qin Shihuang had been prepared for the assassination many times. All the chariots were driven four times and often changed cars. Naturally, it was difficult for Zhang Liang to judge which car was Qin Shihuang. Qin Shihuang survived, but Qin Shihuang was very angry about the incident and ordered the whole country to arrest the assassin. However, because there was no way to start the investigation, Zhang Liang was "at large", and then it was not settled. Since then, Zhang Liang, the ancient wave sand assassin, has been famous far and wide.

One day, Zhang Liang leisurely walking Yishui bridge, met an old man in a coarse cloth robe. When the old man came to Zhang Liang's side, he deliberately dropped his shoes off the bridge. Then he arrogantly ordered Zhang Liang to say, "boy, go down and pick up my shoes for me!" Zhang Liang was stunned, but he still endured his dissatisfaction and took it for him against his will. Then the old man stepped up again and ordered Zhang Liang to put them on. At this time, Zhang Liangzhen wanted to punch him, but because he had experienced the vicissitudes of the world for a long time and suffered all kinds of hardships of vagrant life, he suppressed his anger, knelt down in front of him and carefully helped the old man put on his shoes. Instead of thanking him, the old man went away with a smile. Zhang Liang stayed for a long time, only to see the old man out of the land of Lixu, and returned to the bridge, to Zhang Liang praise: "children can teach." And Zhang Liang about five days later in the morning to meet again at the bridge. Zhang Liang didn't know what he meant, but he knelt down respectfully to answer the promise.

Five days later, at the crowing of chickens, Zhang Liang rushed to the bridge. Unexpectedly, the old man came to the bridge ahead of time on purpose. Now he was waiting at the end of the bridge. Seeing Zhang Liang coming, he angrily scolded him: "why is it wrong to make an appointment with the old man? Come back in five days! " Then he left. Results for the second time, Zhang Liang was one step behind the old man. The third time, Zhang Liang simply went to the bridge in the middle of the night to wait. He withstood the test, and his sincerity and forbearance moved the old man. So the old man gave him a book and said, "if you read this book, you can be a master of kings. Ten years later, the world will be in chaos, and you can use this book to build a country. Thirteen years later, Huangshi at the foot of Gucheng mountain in Jibei is the old man." After that, he left. This old man is the legendary Gao Shi Huang Shi Gong, also known as "the old man on the cliff".

Zhang Liang was very surprised. At dawn, he took a look at the book. It was the art of war. From then on, Zhang Liang studied the book of war day and night, admired the world's major events, and finally became a resourceful "think tank" with profound military strategy, both civil and military skills. In July of 209 B.C. (the first year of Qin II), Chen Sheng and Wu Guang rose up in daze township to fight against Qin. Then, anti Qin armed forces surged in various places. Zhang Liang, who is determined to fight against Qin, also gathered more than 100 people and raised the banner of anti Qin. Later, because he felt that he was isolated and could not stand on his own ground, he had to lead the crowd to toujingju (the leader of the peasant army who established himself as the false king of Chu). On the way, he happened to meet Liu Bang leading the volunteers to develop their forces in xiapi. The two met as before. Zhang Liang talked about Liu Bang many times in the art of Taigong's war. Liu Bang was able to understand and often adopted Zhang Liang's strategy. Therefore, Zhang Liang resolutely changed his mind to go to Jingju and decided to follow Liu Bang. As a scholar, it's important to have a good command of tactics, but the premise of strategy is to have a wise master who is good at accepting advice. This unexpected encounter, Zhang Liang "rudder" Ming Zhu, reflecting his diverse and complex situation, with a clear mind and unique vision. Since then, Zhang Liang has been highly valued and trusted by Liu Bang, and his intelligence has a chance to give full play.

Zuo CE enters the pass

In June of 208 B.C. (the second year of Qin II), the team led by Uncle Xiang Liang and nephew Xiang Yu had grown to 60000 or 70000 people. Xiong Xin, the grandson of King Huai of Chu, was the king. He gathered all the rebel leaders in Xuecheng (now Southeast of Tengzhou City, Shandong Province) to discuss major events. Zhang Liang did not forget to revive South Korea. He proposed to Xiang Liang: "since you have established the king of Chu as a descendant, Hengyang Jun, one of the princes of the king of South Korea, has become the most virtuous, and can be established as king, so as to make more party members." As early as the time of xiapi, there was an old friendship between Zhang and Xiang. So he ordered people to find Han Wangcheng and make him king of Han, with Zhang Liang as his situ (equivalent to Prime Minister). Zhang Liang's goal of "restoring Korea" was finally achieved, and his long cherished political dream of "restoring his family" was also realized. Therefore, he made every effort to support Han Wangcheng, commanding troops to recover Korea (referring to the territory of Korea during the Warring States period). He toured around Yingchuan, sometimes captured several cities, and sometimes recaptured by the Qin soldiers, and was unable to create the overall situation.

At the end of the year, King Huai of Chu ordered Liu Bang and Xiang Yu to divide their forces against Qin, and agreed that whoever entered the pass first and entered Xianyang would be king. Liu Bang went through Yingchuan and Nanyang and planned to enter Guanzhong from Wuguan. In July 207 BC (the third year of Qin II), Liu Bang led his troops to capture Yingchuan. Han Wang and Zhang Liang joined Liu Bang. Liu Bang asked Han Wang to stay in Yangzhai (Han's old capital, now Yuzhou City, Henan Province), and let Zhang Liang go south with the army. In September, the army arrived in Nanyang County (now Nanyang City, Henan Province). Nanyang prefect Qi retreated into Wancheng (Nanyang, Henan) to guard. Liu Bang was eager to destroy Qin. Seeing that Wancheng was hard to capture for a while, he planned to bypass Wancheng and continue westward. Zhang Liang thought it was inappropriate, and advised: "although you are eager to enter the pass, there are still many Qin soldiers along the way, and they are all based on the dangerous terrain. If we don't take Wancheng now, once the Qin soldiers of Wancheng chase and kill from behind, then it will be very dangerous for the strong Qin to be in the front and the pursuers to be in the back. " Liu Bang took his advice, changed the flag immediately, and led his soldiers to take the path at night to return quietly. At dawn, Liu Bang's army had surrounded Wancheng heavily. After that, Liu Bang adopted Chen Hui's advice, appeased the governor of Nanyang, pardoned all the officials and people in the city, and took Wancheng lightly. Liu Bang's military power was greatly strengthened. Other cities in Nanyang County saw that the prefect had fallen, and they took effect one after another.

Later, Liu Bang led his troops to Yiguan (now northwest Shangzhou, Shaanxi). Yiguan is a traffic pass between Nanyang and Guanzhong in ancient times. It is easy to defend but difficult to attack. It is the throat fortress leading to Xianyang, the capital of Qin Dynasty. It is also the last pass to defend Xianyang. Qin has a heavy army to guard it. Liu Bang rushed to the pass and wanted to lead more than 20000 people in his department to attack by force. Zhang Liang admonished: "at present, the troops of Qin guarding the pass are still very strong, so we should not act rashly." Liu Bang was so worried that Xiang Yu's army would enter Guanzhong first that he asked Zhang Liang for a plan. Zhang Liang offered Liu Bang a smart plan. He said: "I heard that the guard of the pass is the son of a butcher. This kind of philistine can move his heart with a little money. You can send advance troops to prepare 50000 people's food and pay, and add a large number of army banners on the surrounding mountains to make a bluff and serve as suspicious soldiers. Then Li Shiqi was sent to take more treasures to persuade the general of Qin, and things might be successful. " Liu Bang acted according to the plan, and the guard General of Yiguan surrendered and said he was willing to attack Xianyang with Liu Bang. Liu Bang was overjoyed, but Zhang Liang did not think so. He calmly analyzed: "it's just that the garrison general wants to rebel against Qin, and his soldiers may not obey. If the soldiers do not follow, the consequences will be unimaginable. It's better to take the opportunity of Qin soldiers' slackness to eliminate them. " As a result, the Qin army was defeated and abandoned the pass and retreated to Lantian (now the west of Lantian County, Shaanxi Province). Taking advantage of the victory, Liu Bang led his troops around Yiguan pass, across Yishan mountain, and defeated the Qin army in Lantian. however

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Liang