Liu Qian

Liu Qian

Liu Qian (1921 ~ October 5, 1937), an ordinary student of Youren middle school in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, full of the passion of resisting Japan and saving the nation, arrived in Yan'an in August 1937. On October 5, she was shot and killed by Huang Kegong, who was also sentenced to death.

Life

Liu Qian, born in Dingxiang, Shanxi Province in 1921, is progressive in thought and active in revolution. In July 1937, after the Lugouqiao Incident, he went to Yan'an to study in the 15th team of the second phase of the "Anti Japanese university". He met the captain Huang Kegong and gradually developed into a love relationship. Liu is young and beautiful, good at singing and dancing, and self-motivated. Huang is brave and handsome, with many achievements in war, and in a high position. It should be said that they are very compatible in appearance, but the gap between them in culture, concept, character, and hobbies can not be reconciled. Liu gradually became disgusted with Huang Kegong's repeated entanglement. After repeated persuasion and criticism failed, he refused to get married. On October 5, 1937, he was shot by Huang Kegong on the Bank of Yanhe River.

Family background

Liu Qian's real name is Dong Qiuyue. Her grandfather, Dong Chongren (zi'an), was famous in Shanxi Province in the early years of the Republic of China. He once served as a garrison envoy in southern Shanxi Province, holding half of the military and political power in Shanxi Province. There is a saying that he had been in and out of the palace of the late Qing Dynasty since he was a child, and he was very familiar with his servants, and he had paid homage to Yuan Shikai. After the Xinhai Revolution and the Shanxi uprising, Yan Xishan asked Dong Chongren to come to Beijing to visit yuan overnight in order to establish his rule. Later, he was recommended by Yan Xishan as the garrison envoy of Jinnan. In those years, Dong was an important bridge between Yan Xishan and Yuan Shikai. After Yuan Shikai's death, Dong had no use, and he didn't care about the anti Yan forces in southern Shanxi. It was against his will, so he dismissed Dong from office. According to the memories of Dong Chongren's descendants, his ancestors left a lot of property and had no intention of official career. He bought a landlord's manor called "baozi" in Xin County of Shanxi Province and lived in seclusion.
Liu Qian's father, Dong Jinkui, was named Kanghou. Born in 1900, he is Dong Zian's third son. Because his two elder brothers died early, he is actually the eldest son. His first wife, Bai Shi, died of puerperal fever after giving birth to a daughter. The girl named "Ruyue" was adopted by her grandmother as a baby. He continued to marry Gao Heqing and gave birth to a son, named Dong Jiabao, the second year after marriage. In the late autumn of 1920, he gave birth to Dong Qiuyue, namely Liu Xi.
Gao Heqing, a native of Daixian County, Shanxi Province, was born in 1900. When he was a child, foot binding was too painful to bear. It was hard grinding that liberated him, but he was one of the little feet. When he was young, he went to Hebei, Beiping, Tianjin and other places with Liu Qian's grandfather Gao Buqing. Gao Heqing didn't go to school. He relied on Gao Buqing's advice and read some books such as the daughter's classic. The rest were all knowledge obtained by hard work and self-study. He worshipped the chivalrous spirit of thirteen younger sisters. It is often said that it is quite difficult to learn how to be a good person, such as sailing against the current. It is said that the palm of the hand should always be downward, not upward. We should always give to others, not always ask for things from others. We would rather suffer losses than be greedy. We should be able to listen to other people's advice. Good medicine is good for illness, and good advice is good for action.
According to Liu Qian's younger brother, "my mother often taught me about national integrity, recalled the local conditions and customs of Dai County, Yanmen pass, Yang family general and she Taijun. Tell us the story of Zhang peimei, the law enforcement leader of Yan Xishan school, who killed Li Fuying. Li Fuying is a soft bone. He abandoned his armor and fled without seeing the Japanese. He should have killed the soft bone. "
Liu Qian's grandfather Gao Buqing is also well-known. He was a Jinshi of the former Qing Dynasty. Before the Anti Japanese War, he served as Gaohe county magistrate of Hebei Province, director of Tianjin tobacco and liquor Taxation Bureau, director of Shanxi tobacco and liquor Taxation Bureau and director of Shanxi construction department. After Liu Xi's grandmother died, he bought a prostitute in Peiping. After the outbreak of the Anti Japanese War, Taiyuan was quickly occupied. He was sent by the puppet "North China Government Affairs Committee" from Peiping. After the death of the traitor Zeng Jigang, he took over the post of chairman of the puppet "Preparatory Committee for the provisional government of Shanxi Province". Gao Buqing changed the pseudo "Preparatory Committee of Shanxi provincial provisional government" into the pseudo "Preparatory Committee of Shanxi provincial government", and removed the temporary, in order to support the party as soon as possible. However, the Japanese believe that such a senior citizen is not first-class, so the pseudo "North China Government Affairs Committee" has been too late to formally appoint him. After su Tiren appeared, he was ignored immediately. Yan Xishan said: "Gao Buqing loves money and dares to do anything for money." Later, he changed his post to Daoyin, and later died of liver cancer. When Gao Heqing heard of it, he even said that he deserved to die. When the spineless thing died, he didn't cry or shed tears. "Out of the custom at that time, I only sewed a pair of filial piety shoes with the heel not covered with white cloth. After a few days, I took off the shoes. I was so angry that when I took off the shoes, I tore up the upper of the shoes and said that I would not wear filial piety for the spineless things." Liu Xi's younger brother.

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In such a feudal family as the Dong family, the eldest son and the eldest grandson are very important. However, Dong Jinkui did not confine himself to this position. He was dissatisfied with his father's proposition that "you can't enter a foreign school, you have to learn bad things if you go in". In addition, his son has reached the age of four or five, and he is close to school age. Gao Heqing also supports him to run away from home, Living in a house owned by his ancestors in Beijing, Dong Jinkui found a job as a scribe and lived on his own. It was about 1923.
Dong Chongren is very angry about his son's running away from home, but he has nothing to do. China in the 1920s was the climax of the new culture movement. A new generation of intellectual youth pursuing self liberation ran away from home, forming a social wave. Dong Chongren was conservative in his thought and regarded this kind of behavior as treason. Dong Jinkui did not dare to go home for a long time. Fortunately, I still have some spare money in my hand, so I can live fairly well.
But Liu Xi's childhood was not happy. Her family's feudal consciousness is very strong, the idea of son preference is deep-rooted, even Dong Jinkui can't help it. When she was a child, brother and sister fought or got into trouble. It was always Liu Xi who was beaten and scolded. She could only use crying to vent her anger. The family urged her to be tired out, so that she cried enough, and then cried, then came tears and tears, and cried herself exhausted, and slept on her legs. When it comes to school age, parents ask their son to study, but they keep Liu Xi at home to be a needlework.
Fortunately, soon after they returned to Taiyuan, their fate changed. Liu Yinghe, a watch aunt who just came back from studying in Japan, saw that Liu Xi was not studying. Regardless of whether her mother agreed or not, she took Liu Xi to find a primary school principal she knew and cut in the third grade. In school, she was smart, strong and capable. She was elected monitor soon after she cut in. After the Japanese imperialists invaded the northeast, she actively participated in the Anti Japanese propaganda activities in Taiyuan Youren middle school, and named herself "Liu Xi" in the propaganda materials. Liu is in memory of his Aunt Liu Yinghe. Rubia is a red dye, which expresses his yearning for revolution. After arriving in Yan'an in August 1937, she took it as her official name.

Legacy

After the outbreak of the Anti Japanese War, Liu Xi's parents lived a vagrant life until Tianshui. In this process, they always kept Liu Xi's letter. These letters retain many unknown fragments of Liu Xi: Liu Xi is very disgusted with not asking girls to go to school. In her letter to her brother, she said: "don't let me affect the study of her sister (Dong Ruyue, half sister, who went to Zhongtiaoshan during the Anti Japanese War, and whose life and death are uncertain) and sister (Third Sister Dong Shuping). You have a better position in your family, Lao You help these weak sisters and sisters! Don't you often feel aggrieved for girls? " In her letter to her parents, she said, "but I understand the hardships of being a parent. Social public opinion, family constraints, sarcasm and snickering, and the general feudal tradition, suppress the parents one after another, not to move, not to have a little freedom. Of course, it is not easy to give the children freedom! I don't blame the parents. I just hate the irrationality of society! " When she arrived in Yan'an, she wrote to her brother and said, "I've finally got out of my small house. I'm going to get to know the big world." "Only those who grasp the reality are really useful. Now, I say goodbye to you! I'm going to be a nurse. Are you laughing at me? " When Huang Kegong gave money to Liu Qian, Liu Qian advised him: "do you want to give money? If you love me, this money should not be given to me. Please give it to the front soldiers. Let's talk about love in a broad sense! The life and death of the whole country is in front of us. More than 40000 compatriots need our love! Do you think so? Do you love me? And you should love the public more. " At the same time, it also talks about the basis of love, love is not based on material, but will, the same understanding. That is, in a reasonable system, husband and wife do not rely on each other for their own economy, but help each other. You should recognize it! "We all have the freedom to fall in love. No one can interfere in each other's making friends. You may be surprised! My friend, this is from the correct theory book. " Originally, this view of love was correct, but as a long march cadre, he could not treat it correctly. He finally shot and killed Liu Xi. after the crime, Huang Kegong was arrested according to law. at that time, there were mainly two views on Huang Kegong's case: one was that he had participated in the long march and made many contributions in the northern and southern wars, so he should be allowed to fight in the front line and perform meritorious deeds; the other was that the prince should be sentenced to death for committing the same crime as the common people. Finally, all the materials of Huang Kegong's case were reported to Mao Zedong, along with Lei Jingtian, President of the high court of the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region government, and Huang Ke

Chinese PinYin : Liu Qian