childhood

childhood

Childhood is the first autobiographical novel trilogy written by Soviet writer Maxim Gorky based on his own experience (the other two parts are in the world and my university).

This work tells about the childhood life of aliosha (Gorky's nickname) from the age of three to ten, vividly reproduces the living conditions of the lower class people in czarist Russia in the 1970s and 1980s, and writes Gorky's understanding of suffering and his unique views on social life. Between the lines, there is an endless stream of hope and strength.

content validity

Aliosha lost his father when he was three years old, and his mother walwala adopted him in his grandfather kashlin's family. My grandfather's family lived in Nizhny novergorod. When my grandfather was young, he was a TrackMan. Later, he opened a dyeing shop and became a small owner. When aliosha came to his grandfather's house, his family business had begun to decline. Because of the depression of his family business, his grandfather became more and more domineering. The two uncles of aliosha, Mikhail and Yakov, quarreled and fought for the sake of separating the family and embezzling aliosha's mother's dowry. In this family, aliosha saw the fog of hatred between people, and even children were poisoned by this atmosphere. As soon as aliosha entered his grandfather's house, he didn't like his grandfather. He was afraid of him and felt that there was hostility in his eyes. One day, out of curiosity and encouraged by his cousin, he threw a white tablecloth into the VAT and dyed it blue. As a result, he was knocked unconscious by his grandfather and suffered a serious illness. From then on, aliosha began to observe the people around him with an uneasy mood. He could not bear the humiliation and pain of himself or others. Because his mother couldn't bear this kind of life, she left him and left the family. But in this dirty environment, there is another kind of people, another kind of life. Here is the optimistic, simple little tska, honest old worker Gregory. Every festival night, Yakov will play the guitar, playing a heartwarming tune. Xiaocigang dance folk dance, as if to restore the youth. All this made aliosha feel both happy and sad. Among these people, her grandmother had the deepest influence on aliosha. My grandmother was kind and just. She loved life and believed that good always conquered evil. She knows a lot of beautiful folktales, which are about pitying the poor and the weak, praising justice and light. The God she believes in is also amiable, lovely and kind. On the contrary, grandfather's God didn't love others. He always looked for people's sins and punished them.

Later, my grandfather moved to canard street and recruited two tenants. One is a progressive intellectual, nicknamed "good things". He is the first outstanding person aliosha met. He left an indelible impression on aliosha. The other is Peter, who pretends to be a coachman after robbing the church. His cruelty and slave habits arouse aliosha's antipathy.

One morning, her mother suddenly came back. Her change made aliosha feel very sad. At first, she taught aliosha to read and read, but the torment of life made her careless, often lose her temper and frown. Later, his mother remarried, making aliosha lose interest in everything around, trying to avoid adults, want to live alone. In this way, after a summer of thinking, he finally strengthened his strength and confidence.

Mother's married life is not happy. She is often beaten by her stepfather. Poverty and disease devour her beauty. Because she was in a bad mood, she was often cruel and unfair to aliosha.

Aliosha does not feel warm at home, and is discriminated against and made difficult at school. Therefore, in aliosha's mind, the emotion of "love" is gradually replaced by hatred for everything. Because of his incompatibility with his stepfather, aliosha returned to his grandfather's home. At this time, his grandfather was bankrupt and their life became more and more difficult. In order to make a living, aliosha teamed up with his neighbor's children to pick up junk after school. At the same time, I also felt friendship and sympathy. But it has also drawn criticism from schools. He finished the third grade with excellent grades and left the school classroom forever.

At this time, aliosha's mother died. After burying his mother, he soon went to "the world" to make a living.

Creative background

Childhood is the first of Gorky's autobiographical trilogy. As early as the 1890s, Gorky had the idea of writing biographical works. From 1908 to 1910, Lenin visited Gorky's apartment in Capri, Italy. Gorky told him more than once about his childhood and juvenile life. Once, Lenin said to Gorky, "you should write everything, old friend. You must write it! All this is of great educational significance, excellent! " Gorky said: "one day, I will write it out..." Soon, he fulfilled his promise.

Personage introduction

Character relationship table

Detailed introduction

Aliosha

The protagonist aliosha ("my" name) is an observant and sensitive child who can distinguish good from bad. In this respect, the people around him have a great influence on him. With the help of some of his friends, aliosha learned that "truth, goodness and beauty" still exist in the world, and these things are around him. In addition, he also has a firm, indomitable will and stubborn spirit. The pressure of real life makes aliosha grow into a strong, upright, brave and confident person. Aliosha has a kind heart. He sympathizes with the poor and becomes true friends with the working people of the lower class. Aliosha also had a very strong thirst for knowledge. Aliosha loves books, and books form aliosha's character.

grandpa

Grandfather is a person that aliosha hates very much. There is always the author's pungent irony in his description of his appearance and inner world. He is short and skinny. He is only as tall as his grandmother's shoulder. He walks fast and carefully. He is selfish, cruel, savage and rude. He always beats and scolds people. Even if he meets with something unpleasant, he will go into hysteria. In order to maintain his crumbling status as a small owner and his broken family, he cruelly mistreated the workers and even denied his family. He forced rigory, an old craftsman who had worked for him all his life, out of the house and his wife who had lived together all his life. He also asked her to make a living on her own. When you have money, you are domineering. After bankruptcy, he became more greedy and stingy, and his character was low. Material bankruptcy and spiritual collapse. Although there is still a flash of humanity in this philistine man, for example, when he was young, he worked as a TrackMan in Volga River, experienced poverty and heavy life, and was a fighter and warrior of life. When he told aliosha about his experience at that time, he showed a sincere and excited expression. Another example is that his name is aliosha and his love for aliosha is reflected in his literacy. But all these can't cover up his cruelty and selfishness on the whole human nature. Aliosha was very disgusted with his grandfather's bad behavior, especially when he beat his kind grandmother without any reason. He was very angry and retaliated against him. This kind of disgust and anger also exists in the author's heart. Through the description of aliosha's resistance to his grandfather, it expresses the author's contempt, disgust and negation of the kind of people represented by his grandfather, and also expresses the author's negation of the dirty and dirty bad character of the petty citizen class.

Grandma is kind and kind. She loves her relatives, neighbors and everyone. She is willing to bear all the pressure in her life without complaining. The hardship of life, the beating of husband, the disobedience of son Can't extinguish the light of love in her heart. She is a working woman full of life and poetry. She is good at singing and dancing. She is good at telling all kinds of legends, fairy tales and folktales. She is also a brave person. When the fire broke out in the workshop, all the people were panicked. Only she rushed into the fire and snatched out a bucket of sulfate the size of a bucket. Therefore, although she has the shortcomings of obedience and patience to evil forces and blind faith in God, it does not affect her overall human brilliance.

Koizoka

He is an abandoned child. Every time he goes to the market to buy food, he steals things. But no one criticizes him and dissuades him. Instead, he shares his booty with appreciation. The two uncles even take it as their own. They knew that it was a scandal and a crime, and there would be great risks, but they still let "koizoka" do it. My grandmother knew that it was wrong to let "little tska" steal things, but she couldn't stop it. She could only open and close her eyes, which showed her helplessness. The reason for his tragic end is that "little tska" is competitive, likes to show off his ability and does everything in order to get praise from others. Uncle Yakov was crushed to death when he was a child.

"Good thing"

"Good thing" is a lonely and friendly person. He is very happy and does not refuse aliosha's approach. "Good things" have a kind of quality of concentration, like reading. He is eager for knowledge. There are all kinds of books and appliances in his room. He devotes himself to doing what he likes. He may be a pharmacist or a "scientist" because he does some small experiments in the room all day. Because of his persistence and concentration, people around him don't like him very much. They always think he is mysterious and ungrounded His grandfather and grandmother didn't like him. They always thought he was doing something wrong. "Good things" is an incarnation of social intellectuals at that time. From the attitude of the people around them towards "good things", we can see the situation at that time

Chinese PinYin : Tong Nian