Bao Qingtian

Bao Zheng

Bao Zheng (999-1062, July 3), whose name is Xi Ren, was born in Hefei, Luzhou (now Feidong, Hefei, Anhui). He was a famous official in the Northern Song Dynasty.

In 1027, Bao zhengdeng became a Jinshi. Lei Qian supervised the imperial censor, and once suggested training troops, selecting generals, and enriching the border preparation. He served successively as a magistrate of the household Department of the three divisions and a transit envoy of Jingdong, Shaanxi and Hebei roads. Later, he entered the DPRK as a deputy envoy of the household Department of the three divisions and asked the imperial court for permission to trade Jieyan. When he learned to remonstrate the court, he talked about impeachment for many times. Then he was granted the direct Bachelor of LongTuge, the transfer envoys of Hebei, the transfer envoys of Ying and Yang, the Li Quan Zhi Kaifeng Prefecture, the Quan Yushi Zhongcheng, and the three Secretary envoys. Jiayou six years (1061), promoted to privy deputy. Because he was a direct Bachelor of tianzhangge and LongTuge, he was known as "Baodai system" and "baolongtu". Bao Zheng died in 1062, the seventh year of Jiayou reign. The posthumous title of the book of rites was "Xiaosu", which was later called "Bao Xiaosu". There is "Bao Xiaosu Gong Memorial" handed down.

Bao Zheng was honest and just, resolute in establishing a dynasty, not attached to dignitaries and dignitaries. He was also impartial, wise and resolute, and dared to plead for the common people. Therefore, he had the names of "Bao Qingtian" and "Bao Gong". In the capital, he had the words of "if you can't reach the joint, you have Yan Luo Bao Lao". Later generations worshipped him as a deity and considered him the reincarnation of Kuixing. Because of the black face image spread among the people, he was also known as "Bao Qingtian".

Photo source: Portrait album of sages and celebrities

Life of the characters

Early filial piety

Bao Zheng was born in the second year of Xianping (999) of emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty. He passed the imperial examination in the fifth year of Tiansheng (1027) of emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty. He was appointed as the judge of Dali and was appointed as the magistrate of Jianchang County (now Yongxiu, Jiangxi). Because his parents were old, Bao Zheng asked to work near Hefei, so he was given tax supervision by Hezhou (now Hexian County in Anhui Province). But his parents didn't want him to leave, so Bao Zheng resigned and went home to support his parents. A few years later, his parents died one after another. Bao Zheng built a thatched cottage beside his parents' tomb. Until the end of the mourning period, he still hesitated and could not bear to leave. His fellow villagers came to comfort and encourage him many times. It was not until 1037 that Bao Zheng went to Beijing to listen to the election and was granted the title of magistrate of Tianchang (now Anhui).

Experience and achievements

In 1041, Bao Zheng was transferred to the magistrate of Duanzhou (now Zhaoqing, Guangdong). Duanzhou produced inkstones. The former prefects took advantage of the fact that most of them collected inkstones dozens of times as much as the tribute to present them to the powerful officials of the current Dynasty. The inkstones Bao Zheng ordered to make only met the tribute. After a year in office, he didn't take one inkstone home.

In the third year of Qingli (1043), he entered the capital as the Prime Minister of the palace. Later, on the recommendation of Gongchen, the king of Zhongcheng, the censor, he was appointed as the censor in November.

Bao Zheng once suggested that "the state's annual payment of property to Khitan is not a strategy to resist the military. It should train the army, select generals and devote itself to enriching the border defense." He also requested that attention should be paid to the system of dismissing corrupt officials from being officials, choosing prefectures and prefectures, and implementing the method of examining and trying to make up for the children of Enyin. At that time, all the officials were impeached. Most of the officials criticized minor faults and paid attention to strict supervision. They flaunted each other. The officials felt uneasy, so Bao Zheng asked to be removed.

In August of the fifth year of Qingli (1045), Bao Zheng served as an envoy to the Liao Dynasty and completed his mission. After returning to the dynasty, Bao Zheng, according to his observation in Liao Dynasty, suggested that the imperial court select generals who were "familiar with border affairs" to guard the border, and pay attention to the selection of generals in daizhou (now Daixian County in Xinzhou, Shanxi Province) to deal with the sudden situation in the border. After that, he successively served as a judge of the three divisions of the household department. He left Beijing in June of the sixth year of Qingli (1046) and served as a transit envoy of Jingdong Road (now Shangqiu, Henan Province).

In April of the seventh year of the Qing Dynasty (1047), he was appointed Minister of the Ministry of labor wailang, zhijixianyuan and Shaanxi transit envoy.

On May 2, 1048, Bao Zheng was transferred to Hebei Road (now Hebei Daming). On June 22, he entered the court as the Deputy envoy of the third division of the household department. All the shipbuilding timber of xiegu office in Qinlong county was collected from the common people, and seven states paid taxes on the bamboo rope of river bridge, which generally amounted to several hundred thousand, and Bao Zheng asked to abolish them. In the Liao Dynasty, troops were gathered in the neighboring frontier areas, and the border counties were gradually on alert, ordering Bao Zheng to dispatch military supplies to Hebei. Bao Zheng said: "the fertile soil in Zhanghe area cannot be cultivated by the people. Fifteen thousand hectares of farmland in Xing, Zao and Zhao are all used to herd horses. He asked that all these be distributed to the people." Listen to him. The salt law of Jiezhou made the people exhausted. Bao Zheng went to manage it and asked to exchange it with the merchants.

In the second year of Huangyou (1050), Bao Zheng was appointed to tianzhang Pavilion and Zhijianyuan. He repeatedly discussed and reprimanded the powerful and favored ministers, and asked for the exemption of all the quyi gifts given by the inner court. The three memorials of Tang and Wei Zheng are presented in turn, hoping to be placed on the right side of the seat for reference. He also said that the emperor should be clear in listening to and adopting, distinguishing friends, cherishing talents, and not adhering to preconceived ideas. He asked for the abolition of harsh but not lenient practices, the suppression of opportunistic speculation to get an official, the punishment, the law, the ban, the prohibition of construction labor, and the prohibition of evil talk. Most of them were carried out by the imperial court. At that time, Zhang yaozuo, the uncle of Princess Zhang Guifei (empress Wen Cheng), was appointed as the governor of Huaikang Army (ruling Runan in Henan Province), the governor of Qun Mu Zhi, the governor of xuanhui Nanyuan, and the governor of Jingling palace. The right Secretary advised Zhang Zexing, Tang Jie, and Bao Zheng to discuss the matter together, believing that Zhang yaozuo's appointment should be pursued, or one of xuanhui and Jiedu should be chosen. Finally, Zhang yaozuo resigned as xuanhui envoy and jingling palace envoy.

In March of the fourth year of emperor you's reign (1052), he was appointed the direct Bachelor of LongTuge and the transfer envoy of Hebei. He once proposed that the army should be transferred to the mainland in peacetime, but there was no reply. At this point, the request: "lift the Hebei garrison troops, and distribute them in Yan, Dan, Qi, PU, Cao, Ji counties to the south of the Yellow River. If there is an emergency, there is no worry about missing the time. If we say that the garrison troops can not be cut down immediately, ask for training the militia, and supply a little more dry food, the annual cost is less than the expenses of the garrison troops for a month, and the taxes of a state, then the number of people supplied will be more. " There was no reply. A few months later, he was transferred to gaoyangguan (now Gaoyang East, Hebei Province) road pacifier. In July of the same year, they were transferred to Yingzhou, where they used the government's money to do business. They lost more than 100000 yuan a year, and all of them were eliminated. Because of the loss of his son, he asked to be appointed as a prefectural officer in the Qing Dynasty, so he changed his knowledge to Yangzhou, then transferred to Luzhou, and added a doctor in the Ministry of punishment.

Quanzhi Kaifeng

In December of 1055, Bao Zheng was convicted of guaranteeing the mistakes of recommending officials and demoted to wailang, a member of the Ministry of war, and zhichizhou (now Chizhou, Anhui).

In August of the first year of Jiayou's reign (1056), he returned to his post as a doctor of the Ministry of criminal justice and learned Jiangning Prefecture. In December of the same year, he was called to know Kaifeng Prefecture and was promoted to the right doctor.

In June of the third year of Jiayou's reign (1058), he was promoted to the right Jianyi official and the right censor Zhongcheng. Bao Zheng said: "the position of Prince has been vacant for a long time. People all over the world are worried about it. Why did your majesty not make a decision for such a long time?" Renzong asked him, "who do you think is better?" Bao Zheng replied: "my subordinates are incompetent and have not considered it. My request for the early establishment of the crown prince is for the sake of the grand plan of the ancestral temple. Your majesty asked me who I wanted to establish. This is a doubter. I'm sixty years old, and I don't have a son. I'm not thinking about inviting favors for myself and future generations! " Renzong was very happy and said, "this matter needs to be discussed slowly." He asked to cut the number of servants, reduce unnecessary expenses, and urge the supervisors to do their duty according to the rules. The yushifu could recommend its own officials and reduce the official's one-year leave. All these suggestions were implemented. In July, he took the post of Zhongcheng, the right censor, to transfer envoys to the imperial examination institute.

Seizing the bull

In the fourth year of Jiayou reign (1059), Zhang Fangping, who was then the third secretary, was impeached and removed by Bao Zheng for buying the property of the local tyrant. Song Qi took over the post, and Bao Zheng impeached him again. After Song Qi was removed, Bao Zheng was appointed as the third Secretary temporarily. In this regard, Ouyang Xiu said: "Bao Zheng is the so-called Petunia trampled on the field and seized other people's cattle (seizing cattle in another field). The punishment has been very heavy, but he is greedy for wealth to do that job, isn't it too much?" Therefore, Bao Zheng stayed at home to avoid the appointment of acting third secretary, but Renzong did not allow him. After a long time, Bao Zheng took office in the government.

In March 1061, Jiayou was promoted to Shizhong and officially served as the third secretary. A few days later, he paid homage to the deputy secretary. Soon, he was transferred to the Minister of rites, but he refused.

pass away all of a sudden

In May 1062, when Bao Zheng was in the Privy Council, he suddenly fell ill. On the 24th of the same month (July 3), Bao Zheng died of illness at the age of 64. Renzong came to express his condolence in person and paid tribute to him for one day's withdrawal. The posthumous title is "Xiaosu".

Main impact

govern

Bao Zheng was famous for his honesty. He was strict in law enforcement and was not afraid of the powerful. When he was appointed as censor and Zhijianyuan, he impeached Zhang Kejiu, an inspector of Huainan transportation, who sold private salt to make huge profits, Ren Bian, a magistrate of Fenzhou (now Fenyang, Shanxi Province), who made more than 1600 camel hair satins for himself, and Yan Shiliang, a trusted eunuch of Renzong, who was in charge of self stealing. Wang Kui once served as a transshipment envoy for several times, and exploited people's money and goods under his own name. After provoking the popular uprising, they sent troops to capture and abuse torture, and countless people were killed by them, so the people were very angry. However, Wang Kui had a close relationship with prime ministers Chen Zhizhong and Jia Changchao, and was favored by song Renzong. For this reason, Bao Zheng impeached Renzong seven times in a row. The last time, he directly accused Renzong, saying: "today, we are not willing to listen to people's words, and we are committed to using cruel officials

Chinese PinYin : Bao Qing Tian