Rome

Rome

Rome (Italian: Rome), the capital and largest city of Italy, is also the political, economic, cultural and transportation center of the country. It has a history of more than 2500 years. It is a world-famous historical and cultural city and the birthplace of the ancient Roman Empire. Because of its long history, it is nicknamed "eternal city". The first and second centuries of A.D. were the heyday of Roman history. It was the largest empire in the West and echoed the Han Empire in the East. It was also called "West Rome, East Luoyang". The city is located in the Midwest of the Italian peninsula, on seven hills in the plain of the lower reaches of the Tiber River, with an area of more than 1200 square kilometers. Italy is the largest city with the largest area and population, and one of the most famous tourist destinations in the world.

Rome is the center of the Catholic Church all over the world, with more than 700 churches and monasteries, seven Catholic universities, and the Vatican in the city is the residence of the Catholic Pope and the Holy See. Rome and Florence are both the centers of Italian Renaissance. Today, there are still quite rich Renaissance and Baroque styles. In 1980, the historic district of Rome was listed as a world cultural heritage.

Historical evolution

The date of the establishment of the Roman city is uncertain. It is traditionally believed that it was founded in 753 BC, which has been widely confirmed by archaeological discoveries, although some people may have lived there before. Traditionally, the Romans attributed the establishment of Rome to the hero Romulus. He and his twin brother rimos are descendants of the hero Aeneas. Aeneas is the son of Aphrodite (Venus in Roman mythology). He came to Italy after the Greek occupied Troy.

Around 2000 BC, it was inhabited by the Romans. The city was built in about 753 BC and has a long history of more than 2700 years. The Romans were proud to call it the "eternal city.".

It is said that Romulo, the founder of Rome, was raised by a female wolf. The logo of ancient Rome is a female wolf feeding a baby.

Rome is the birthplace and capital of the Roman Empire. In the first and second centuries, Rome became the largest empire in western history, and the city of Rome entered its heyday.

In the 2800 year history of Rome, it experienced the glorious period of the East Roman Empire and the West Roman Empire.

In 1870, the army of the Italian kingdom captured Rome, and the cause of Italian unification was completed.

In 1871, the capital of Italy moved from Florence to Rome.

legend

The famous story of "mother wolf sucking baby" records the legend about the establishment of the ancient city of Rome. In the 7th and 8th century BC, the Roman king numitrale was usurped and expelled by his younger brother amrio. His son was killed. His daughter Silvia combined with Mars, the God of war, and gave birth to twin brothers Romulus and remo. Amrio threw the twins into the Tiber River. The drowning baby was lucky to meet a female wolf and survived by feeding her with milk. Later, she was raised by a hunter. Later, when the two brothers grew up, they killed amrio and welcomed their grandfather numitrore back to the throne. Numitrale gave them seven hills along the Tiber River to build a new capital. Later Romulo decided the boundary of the city privately, killed Ramo, and named the new city Rome after himself. This day is April 21, 753 B.C., which was later designated as the city building day of Rome, and the design of "mother wolf suckling baby" was designated as the city emblem of Rome.

origin

Rome, the capital of Italy, is one of the birthplaces of world culture, with thousands of years of historical relics and rich cultural heritage. It was built on seven hills between the taipo River and has been destroyed and revived several times. The ruins of ancient Rome are so large that people can't forget to return.

Rome, an ancient name, is known as "the city of ten thousand cities" because of its glorious history, the glory of the Roman Empire and the supremacy of the Catholic Church, which constitute the glory of Rome in the past 2500 years.

Rome is the Catholic Center of the world, the cultural capital of the world, and a world famous historical and cultural city. Rome is 25 kilometers west of the tyrenian sea. In the urban area, there are 24 bridges across the Taibo river. The population is 2.83 million (1988).

About the beginning of 2000 BC, the Romans immigrated here from the northeast. From the eighth to the fourth century B.C., castles were built, gradually forming the early Roman city.

It was the capital of the Papal State from 756 to 1870, and became the capital of Italy after the unification of the Italian kingdom in 1870 (the Papal State retreated to the Vatican).

Industries include food, textile, machinery, printing, chemical industry, electronics and plastics. The main center of the Italian film industry. Chivita Vecchia on the northwest coast is its main port. One of the most famous tourist destinations in the world.

The ancient Roman city, which accounts for 40% of the urban area, has many large-scale ancient buildings (such as Flavian semicircle, Roman Colosseum, acrobatic arena, Pantheon, public baths of dacrissian, etc.) and art treasures. The Vatican to the northwest of the city is the seat of the Holy See. There are churches, palaces, museums, universities (the second University of Rome, ranked 36th in 301-400 of the latest q3s World University Rankings), academies of Sciences and libraries.

Rome is located in the middle of the Italian peninsula. The North-South Apennines divide the Italian peninsula into East and west parts. To the west of the Apennines, there is a Tiber River flowing into the Mediterranean Sea. Rome was built on the Tiber River. When Rome was first built, it was about 26 kilometers away from ostia at the mouth of the Tiber River. However, due to the accumulation of sediment in the estuary, the estuary gradually extended. The port of the ancient city of ostia is now 6 kilometers inland from the sea..

Rome is located in the hilly plain of the lower reaches of Tiber River. The ancient city is in the north and the new city is in the south. It was built in the 1920s-1950s and is a modern city with skyscrapers.

The Vatican, the seat of the Holy See, is located in the northwest corner of the ancient city. The ancient city of Rome is like a huge open-air historical museum. On the ruins of the ancient capital of Rome, there are many world-famous historic sites, such as the Imperial Senate, the Arc de Triomphe, Ji Gongzhu, the Pantheon and the Colosseum. There are also many exquisite buildings and fine arts of the Renaissance.

Rome has a warm climate and distinct four seasons. Spring is the most suitable season for traveling.

The Republic Period

At the beginning of the Republic of Rome, Rome fell into a long-term struggle between civilians and nobles. At the same time, Rome also began to fight with its neighbors, and gradually conquered the surrounding areas and annexed territory. Rome's power became more and more powerful and became a great power in the western Mediterranean. However, in 390 BC, Rome failed to repel the Celtic invasion. In order to defend its territory, Rome built walls, canals and ancient roads. From 264 B.C. to 146 B.C., Rome defeated Carthage which came from North Africa but controlled the western Mediterranean through three Punic Wars, conquered Macedon and controlled the whole Greece through four Macedonian wars from 215 B.C. to 148 B.C., and controlled parts of Western Asia through Syrian war and diplomatic means. Rome developed into a country that straddled Africa and controlled the western Mediterranean Europe, Asia and the great powers that dominate the Mediterranean.

However, after the failure of the reform of the glaucus brothers from 133 BC to 123 BC, the Roman Republic entered an unstable period and reached its peak in the Roman civil war (133-30 BC). Caesar implemented a series of reforms after he became a lifelong dictator. He expanded the forum of ancient Rome and built the forum of Julius. Caesar was assassinated in 44 B.C., Octavian came to power in 27 B.C. and ended the Roman Republic, entering the era of the Roman Empire (27-476 B.C.).

About Empire

The Roman Empire (27-476 BC) was an ancient Roman state, occupying the whole Mediterranean at that time.

Generally speaking, the Roman Empire can be divided into the early empire period (27-192 BC) and the late empire period (193-476 BC), and some people can also separate the third century crisis period (193-284 BC) from the late empire. Rome used to use Latin, but with the expansion of its territory to Greece and the Middle East, Greek became the main language. Even the New Testament, which was written at that time, was written in Greek. Because of the differences in language, the Roman Empire split into two empires in the fifth century. Since its establishment, the Roman Empire has been expanding to the outside world and is an aggressive ancient superpower.

Roman Empire took Rome city as the center, and gradually controlled the whole Mediterranean region. This success is attributed to military conquest and economic advantage, as well as the selective assimilation of neighboring civilizations, especially to Etrusca and ancient Greece.

Roman rule extended to almost all of Europe and the Mediterranean coast. In the first century BC, it was the center of the Roman Empire both geographically and politically. At that time, Rome had an effective water supply and drainage system, a complete urban road network, and an effective urban fire and police system. Nevertheless, the buildings built during Octavian's period were severely damaged by a fire in Rome under Nero's rule in 64.

Under the rule of the Flavian Dynasty (69-96), Rome began large-scale urban construction. During this period, a large number of famous buildings were built, such as the Roman Colosseum and part of the imperial assembly square. The rest was completed in the early 2nd century by Trajan (98-117), caracara (211-217) and dacrysian (284-305) ）The public baths and the surrounding libraries became the fixed content of Roman life. This period of time has been neglected

Chinese PinYin : Luo Ma