Li Quan
Li Quan
Li Quan (1190-1231), a native of Beihai, Weizhou (now Weifang, Shandong Province) in the Jin Dynasty, was the leader of the local armed group in the Late Jin Dynasty. As early as the reign of Zhang Zong in Taihe and Da'an, there was an uprising led by Yang an'er, a native of Yidu (now Shandong). In 1213, the first year of the reign of weishao King Zhining, the Mongol army attacked Shandong Province. Li Quan's mother and elder brother were killed by random soldiers. For revenge, Li Quan and his second brother Li Fu gathered thousands of troops to respond to Yang an'er's attack on Linqu (now Shandong Province) and forge ahead. In the first year of the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Jin Dynasty (1217, the 10th year of Jiading), Emperor ningzong of Song Dynasty issued an imperial edict to cut down the Jin Dynasty and recruit various volunteers. In the first month of 1218, Li Quan and others relied on the Southern Song Dynasty. Later, the general of the peasant uprising army was transformed into a careerist to expand his personal power, and later Li Quan was more open to antagonism with the Song Dynasty. In 1231, Li Quan was defeated and died.
Life story
Li Quan, a native of the Jin Dynasty and Han nationality, was the leader of the local armed groups at the end of the Jin Dynasty. In response to Yang an'er's uprising, he married Yang Miaozhen, Yang an'er's sister. Life is capricious.
In May 1214, the capital of Jin Dynasty was moved to Nanjing (now Kaifeng, Henan Province). The Mongolian army went south again and plundered Shandong and Hebei. In the face of internal and external difficulties, the rulers of Jin Dynasty were unable to resist the southward movement of the Mongolian army, and they still levied excessive taxes on the people in the territory and aggravated the exploitation. In order to resist the dark rule of Jin Dynasty, a large-scale red coat army uprising broke out in Shandong and Hebei.
As early as the reign of Zhang Zong in Taihe and Da'an, there was an uprising led by yang'an'er, a native of Yidu (now Shandong). On the eve of Xuanzong's move to the south, the yang'an'er uprising army grew stronger and stronger, with the Qing, Wei, MI and Ju prefectures as the center, and the activity area extended to the whole Jiaodong Peninsula. In the second year of Zhenyou (1214), Yang an'er became the king and changed his name to Tianshun. Li Quanxi practices martial arts, bows and horses nimbly, and is good at using iron spears. He is known as "Li iron spear". With the rapid development of the uprising team, Liu Qingfu, Guo'an Yong, Zheng Yande, Tian Si, Yu Yang and Yu Tan were all under the command of Li Quan. The uprising army led by Li Quan, Yang an'er and Liu erzu, a native of Tai'an (now Shandong), became the three main forces of the red coat army uprising at that time.
After the Mongolian army retreated to the north, the Jin Dynasty sent a Xuanzhao envoy, Busan anzhen, to suppress the red coat army in Shandong and Hebei. Wan Yanting (formerly known as Li ercuo) and Huang ala Luda led the "Flower Hat army" of the elite troops of the Jin Dynasty to attack, and the counties occupied by Yang an'er fell one after another. In December, Yang an'er was defeated by dripping water at appendix. Today, Yang Yu and his companions went to the northeast by boat. The boatman Qu Cheng was greedy for money and led the Jin army to attack Yang an'er. Yang an'er died of falling into the water. The rest of his family were led by his younger sister Yang Miaozhen and his mother's uncle Liu Quan. They took Yang Miaozhen as their leader and called them "aunts.". At that time, Liu erzu was also defeated and killed by the Jin army, and his subordinates Huo Yi and Peng Yibin successively led the remnant troops to continue fighting with the Jin army. Li Quan was also nearly captured by the Jin army. In order to preserve his strength, he decided to surrender to Donghai (now Southeast of Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province). Liu Quan, Yang Miaozhen and others led more than 10000 people to join Li Quan. Li Quan and Yang Miaozhen married in moqishan (now Southeast of Juxian County, Shandong Province). Before long, Liu erzu's remaining troops led by Peng Yibin also came to attach themselves to Li Quan.
The Song Dynasty concentrated all the righteous forces to attack Jin in two ways. Li Quan attacked Ju prefecture (today's Ju county in Shandong Province), captured the Jin guard general pucha Li's family, and left in yangke Mizhou (today's Shandong cities). Brother Li Quan, Li Fu also conquered Qingzhou. In the Song Dynasty, Li Quan was awarded the title of Doctor Wu Yi and deputy manager of Jingdong. In April, Huang ala Luda, deputy envoy of Jin Zhaofu, recaptured Mizhou, and Li Quan was defeated. Then Li Quan failed in Juzhou. In September, Li Quan sent troops to encircle the sea city and counter attack Mizhou. He captured the slaves of aluda and Jiagu temple, and then conquered Shouguang, Zouping, Linqu and other counties. Send aluda to Chuzhou (now Huai'an, Jiangsu Province). After Li Quan and others returned to the Song Dynasty, they were controlled by Chuzhou. This winter, Li quanjun stationed in Guishan, Huaiyin.
After Li Quan, the red coat generals Shi fan, Xia Quan and Shi Qing led their troops to the Song Dynasty to resist the Jin Dynasty, which greatly threatened the Jin Dynasty. In December of the second year of Xingding, Emperor Xuanzong of Jin sent LV Ziyu, the governor of Kaifeng Prefecture, to contact with him and try to negotiate peace. It was rejected by the Song Dynasty. Xuanzong issued an imperial edict, ordering the left deputy marshal and the Privy officer San anzhen to assist the crown prince Wanyan Shouxu to attack the Song Dynasty on a large scale.
In the spring of the third year of Xingding, the Jin soldiers captured song Chengzhou, Fengzhou and Xingyuan Prefecture. The anzhen army besieged song'an Fengjun (now Huainan), Chuzhou (now Chuzhou), Haoyang (now Fengyang) and Guangchuan (now Huangchuan). Huaixi is in urgent need. Song General Li qingzong was defeated in Haozhou and lost 3000 troops. Jinjun vanguard rides to yanglindu, Caishi, and Jiankang is shocked. He ordered Li Quan and Li Fu to cut off the rear route of the Jin army, and reported to the commander-in-chief to dispatch all the righteous troops to attack separately. Li Quan led the eastern navy to meet Jin Bing in Jiashan and won a small victory. When they entered Xuyi, they fought with Yang an'er's Yubu, Jixian and other departments to defend the Jin army. When Li Quan arrived at wokou (now Huaiyuan, Anhui Province), he met the so-called "Lu drumsticks" of Jin Jianghe and Shi lieya, who led the army across the Huaihe River. Li Quan and other generals attacked Lu Xian. Thousands of Jin soldiers drowned in the Huaihe River and captured many of them. Then he fought fiercely with a Hai, the emperor's son-in-law of the Jin Dynasty, in huahupi. He killed several golden generals and won the gold medal left by a Hai when he fled. Li Quan pursued Cao Jiazhuang all the time. In other places, the Jin army also suffered a heavy blow, so it had to retreat, and the Jin soldiers did not dare to go to huaidong. In this victory, Li Quan was promoted to the rank of Dazhou Cishi, while Yang Miaozhen was awarded the title of Dazhou Cishi.
In autumn, when Li Quan went back to Weizhou to sweep the tomb, he heard that Zhang Lin, a member of Yidu Prefecture attached to Jin, had the intention of opposing Jin and returning to Song Dynasty. Zhang Lin was the capital of Yidu, and the counties of Shandong were attached to it. So Li Quan came to Qingzhou City (today's Yidu City in Shandong Province) to persuade Zhang Lin to attach to Song Dynasty as soon as possible. Zhang Linshang hesitated. Li Quan only took a few people into the city to meet Zhang Lin. Zhang Lin had a good conversation with him and became a brother. Zhang linsui attached table to the jurisdiction of Shandong Qing, Ju, MI, Deng, Lai, Wei, Zi, bin, Di, Ninghai, Jinan and other two government Jiuzhou version of the Song Dynasty. Song Ting appointed Zhang Lin as Wu Yi's doctor, Jingdong's pacifying envoy and chief manager. Li Quan was also promoted to Guangzhou observation envoy and Jingdong general manager, and was stationed in Chuzhou (now Huai'an, Jiangsu Province), a military center in huaidong.
In August of 1220, the fourth year of Jin Xingding (the 13th year of song Jiading), Li Quanhe and Zhang Linjun crossed the Yellow River to attack Jin Dongping mansion (now belonging to Dongping of Shandong Province). Because the Mongolians in Jinxing province led the army to defend it, they could not change it into Jiawen water village. In Wenshui, he was defeated by deputy commander Jin Dongping. Most of his troops lost, so he had to return to Chuzhou. At that time, the Southern Song Dynasty called the northern anti Jin volunteers attached to the Song Dynasty "northern army". Although they were granted official titles, they only used them to fight against Jin, but they also carried out the policy of differentiation and restraint. For fear of their rebellion, they blocked the huaishui River and did not allow the northern army to cross south. In this way, the various rebel forces could not unite to fight against the Jin and enhance their defense capabilities, but gradually turned them into local separatist forces. As a result, Li Quan was transformed from a general of the peasant uprising army into an ambitious man to expand his personal power. After Ji Xian was lured and killed, Jia she, the Song Dynasty's institutionalist, wanted to incorporate Ji Xian, but his subordinates Pei Yuan, song Dezhen, sun Wuzheng, Wang Yichen, Zhang Shan, Zhang you and others refused to be included in the compilation and took Shi Yu as the commander. Jia she also decided to divide Ji Xianbu into six parts to divide the loyalist forces, but he was rejected. When Li Quan heard about it, he asked his troops to attack Shi Yu. Jia she and Li all forced Shi fan to submit, but Shi fan led all the people to Mongolia. Li Quan took the opportunity to annex Jixian's loyal army in Lianshui.
In the fifth year of Jin Xingding (1221, the fourteenth year of Jiading, Song Dynasty), Li Quanyi was located in Jiaoxi (now Jiaoxian County, Shandong Province), where commerce and transportation between the north and the South were very important. In the early days, Li Quan lured the merchants to Shanyang (now Huai'an, Jiangsu Province). He captured half of the goods by boat master and confiscated them to himself. Then he made the merchants transfer from Huaihe to Jiaoxi. Li Fu was so greedy and despicable that he stipulated that all the merchants had to use Li's boats and carts and pay half the tax. He only listened to the merchants to trade in Jin counties. At the same time, he saw that the six salt farms within Zhang Lin's jurisdiction were rich in profits. Relying on Li Quan's influence, he proposed to divide the six salt farms into half. Zhang linxu took salt at will. Li Fu was angry and threatened to take Zhang Lin's head with Li Quan. Zhang Lin told Song Zhi Zhi envoy Jia she that Li Fu was ambushed and invited to attack, so Zhang Lin asked Mongolia to attach him. Jia she blamed Li Quan for this. Li Quan led his troops to attack Zhang Lin, and Zhang Lin abandoned his land and fled. Then Li Quan occupied Qingzhou (today's Yidu of Shandong Province), and Qingzhou became another stronghold of Li Quan. Later, Li Quan bribed the military academy and took advantage of the fact that Qiu shoumai took charge of the commander-in-chief affairs at the beginning of the Song Dynasty and annexed the loyal army in front of the account which was originally controlled by Jia she. During this period, Li quanguan was promoted to Chengxuan envoy and Baoning military Jiedu envoy.
In November of the second year of Yuanguang reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Jin Dynasty (the 16th year of Jiading of Song Dynasty), the Song court appointed Xu state as the pacifier of huaidong. After Xu took office, he suppressed the northern army. Whenever there was a dispute between the northern army and the Southern Army (i.e. the Southern Song Army), no matter Qu or Zhi, he was guilty of the northern army, and seven or eight percent of the materials that the imperial court rewarded the northern army were cut off. Li Quan was stationed in Qingzhou all the time and refused to attend the ceremony. Xu Guoshu sent a generous letter to Li Quan and invited him to discuss the matter. When he and Li Quan went to pay a visit, Xu was arrogant and arrogant. Zhang Mengxian, Xu Guo's aide, was also arrogant and insolent to Liu Qingfu, the general under Li Quan, which made Li Quan and others extremely dissatisfied. After Li Quan returned to Qingzhou (Li Quan and Yang Miaozhen were stationed in Qingzhou and Chuzhou respectively), he decided to get rid of Xu. So he sent Liu Qingfu back to Chuzhou and plotted with Wang Wenxin, the commander of the loyal army. When Xu got up early in the morning, he attacked him with swords and arrows. Xu was escorted by his own soldiers to climb the city tower and let the city escape. His family learned that he was killed. Liu Qingfu took revenge on Zhang Mengxian for his rudeness and set fire to the government. His savings were taken away by the soldiers. Soon, Xu Guo hanged himself on the way. The chaos of Chu city shocked the Song court. Shi Miyuan, the prime minister, was afraid of rebirth. Xu Xiji was granted the post of huaidong Zhizhi envoy, which made him bend his mind to appease Li Quan. Li Quan received Liu Qingfu's report. On the one hand, he sent an ultimatum to Peng Yibin, the former Liu erzu's Department, praising the rebellion of the state. He had been ambushed and killed. Er Jun listened to our section
Chinese PinYin : Li Quan
Li Quan
