Longyun

Longyun

Longyun (November 19, 1884 - June 27, 1962), Yi named Naji Cape, word Zhizhou, formerly Dengyun, Yi nationality, was born in en'an, Yunnan (now Zhaotong, Yunnan). During the period of the Republic of China, the senior general of the Yunnan army of the Kuomintang, the second rank General of the National Revolutionary Army, and the chairman of the national government of Yunnan Province.

In 1914, Long Yun graduated from the Fourth Infantry Division of Yunnan Military Academy. He served as the adjutant of Tang Jiyao, the governor of Yunnan Province. In 1922, he was appointed commander of the Fifth Army by the Tang Dynasty. In 1927, he launched a coup to force the Tang Dynasty to step down and take charge of Yunnan's military and political power. In 1945, he took charge of Yunnan for 18 years.

On August 13, 1949, Long Yun issued a statement in Hong Kong entitled "our understanding and opinions of the Chinese revolution at the present stage". He officially announced the uprising, supported the leadership of the Communist Party of China, and successively served as a member of the Central People's government and vice chairman of the national Defense Commission. On June 27, 1962, he died of acute myocardial infarction in Beijing.

During his reign in Yunnan, Long Yun maintained a relatively stable situation in Yunnan, carried out some rectification and Reform in military, economic, cultural, educational and other aspects, adopted an open policy to Southeast Asian countries, and achieved certain results. Yunnan's strength was enhanced, known as the "king of Yunnan".

Life of the characters

Early experience

On November 19, 1884 (the 10th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty), Long Yun was born in xiayingpan, Songle village, Yan Mountain area, en'an (now Zhaotong City), Yunnan Province. He was a landlord who kept the remains of slavery. Long Yun ranked fourth, with a nickname of Mao Laosi. He is a long-time resident, and has a younger brother (died early) and a younger sister (long Dengfeng). The village is very remote, there is no school, Long Yun has not been able to read enlightenment.

In 1890 (the 16th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty), his father died and his mother returned to his mother's home. Long Yun went to live in his uncle long Deyuan's home. He and his cousin Lu Han were sent to Zhaotong City to study. They followed Ma Desheng, a famous Sichuan martial arts master in Zhaotong, to practice martial arts, and met Zou RuoHeng, a native of Yongshan County. They became brothers and were known as "three swordsmen of Zhaotong". In order to make a living, they made an appointment to buy wood and local products in Yanshan and other places, and then transported them along the Jinsha River to Yibin, Sichuan for sale.

Yunnan Army period

In June 1911 (the third year of Xuantong of the Qing Dynasty), he joined Wei Huanzhang of the Baolu army in Yibin, Sichuan Province. In December, he joined the Xie Ruyi Department of Yunnan aid army in Yibin and was appointed as the captain's waiting officer.

In May 1912 (the first year of the Republic of China), he returned to Yunnan with the Yunnan army, and was admitted to the 4th Military Academy of Yunnan army with Lu Han to study cavalry.

At the end of 1914 (the third year of the Republic of China), Long Yun graduated from the lecture hall. He was assigned to Zhaotong independent battalion as the second lieutenant platoon leader and was promoted to the second lieutenant platoon leader.

In the spring of 1915 (the fourth year of the Republic of China), he was promoted to lieutenant platoon leader and married Li Peilian. On December 25, after the outbreak of the Yunnan national defense uprising, Cai E transferred Zou RuoHeng, the aide of Tang Jiyao. With Zou RuoHeng's recommendation, Tang Jiyao transferred Longyun to be the second lieutenant of the aide of Yunnan governor's office.

In 1916 (the fifth year of the Republic of China), Long Yun successively served as the squadron leader of the second brigade of Tang Jiyao's guards, the adjunct of the first brigade, and the squadron leader of Liu Fei's guards.

In November 1917 (the sixth year of the Republic of China), Tang Jiyao led his division to Bijie, Guizhou Province, in the name of commander in chief of the Jingguo allied forces in Yunnan and Guizhou.

In September 1918 (the seventh year of the Republic of China), Tang Jiyao went to Chongqing to hold a joint military meeting of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hubei and Henan provinces, which was escorted by Long Yun.

In February 1921, Gu pinzhen expelled Tang Jiyao. Long Yun escorted Tang Jiyao to Mengzi. Tang Weilong is the head of the 11th regiment of Jinwei, stationed in Mengzi. In autumn, Long Yun marched into Guangxi and became the former enemy commander of Li Youxun's brigade. In December, Tang Jiyao reorganized the Yunnan army in Guangxi into four armies. Long Yun was the former enemy commander of Li Youxun's first army and led his troops back to Yunnan to attack Gu pinzhen.

In February 1922 (the eleventh year of the Republic of China), Tang Jiyao led his troops back to Yunnan to expel Gu pinzhen. On the way to Guangxi, Li Youxun was killed. Tang weilongyun was the acting commander of the first army. In March, Gu pinzhen died in the war, and Tang Jiyao returned to Kunming to regain power. He appointed Long Yun as the commander of the Fifth Army and the garrison envoy of central Yunnan (Kunming).

In October 1923 (the twelfth year of the Republic of China), Tang Jiyao organized the founding coalition army and appointed Long Yun as the commander of the Fifth Army of the founding coalition army.

In 1924 (the 13th year of the Republic of China), Long Yun initiated and took the lead in donating money to excavate the river course from bojiwan in the south of Zhaotong City to the confluence of Zhaolu River, which is more than 13 kilometers long and named Longgong river.

In February 1925 (the fourteenth year of the Republic of China), Tang Jiyao sent troops to invade Guangxi. Taking long Yun as the commander in chief of the second route army, he attacked Nanning and was defeated.

On February 6, 1927 (the 16th year of the Republic of China), Long Yun, Hu Ruoyu, Zhang Ruji and Li xuanting joined forces to force the Tang Dynasty to step down because they were dissatisfied with the rule of Tang Jiyao. They launched a "February 6" coup to overthrow Tang Jiyao's 14 year rule of Yunnan. On February 22, the Yunnan Provincial Affairs Committee was established, with nine members including Long Yun. On May 7, Long Yun sent troops to seal up the left Kuomintang provincial Party headquarters and the provincial farmers' Association. On June 14, Hu Ruoyu launched the "June 14" coup, and sent troops to surround Longyun's house. Longyun's left eye was injured by broken glass and captured by Hu Ruoyu and Zhang Ruji. At the same time, Chiang Kai Shek's Nanjing government appointed Long Yun as commander of the 38th army of the "National Revolutionary Army" and Hu Ruoyu as commander of the 39th army. After Long Yun was imprisoned, Hu Ying, acting as the commander of the 38th army, led Long Yun's headquarters to fight back. On July 24, Hu Ruoyu led his troops to leave Kunming and released Long Yun when he arrived at Dabanqiao in the eastern suburb of Kunming. Hu and long reached a "Banqiao agreement". On July 25, Hu Ying led his troops into Kunming. On August 13, Long Yun returned to Kunming to take over the post of commander of the 38th army and acting as chairman of Yunnan Provincial Affairs Committee. On August 18, Hu Ruoyu and Zhang Ruji joined hands with Zhou Xicheng, chairman of Guizhou provincial government, to counter attack Long Yun, and Zhou Xicheng occupied Xuanwei. Tang Jiyu led the third division troops to Kunming from western Yunnan and retreated. In winter, longyunbu fought against Hu Ruoyu, Zhang Ruji and Zhou Xicheng in Qujing, but Hu, Zhang and Zhou lost.

On January 17, 1928 (the 17th year of the Republic of China), the Nanjing government appointed Long Yun as the chairman of Yunnan provincial government, which laid the foundation for ruling Yunnan. On January 21, the Nanjing government appointed Long Yun as commander in chief of the 13th Route Army. 4. In May, Long Yun held a "Conference on internal affairs reform", which adopted four resolutions on Party cleaning, financial reform, treasury management and the elimination of bandits. Take the Party of the Qing Dynasty as a prerequisite for the four reforms.

In March 1929 (the 18th year of the Republic of China), Meng Kun, commander of the 97th division of Longyun department, defected to Hu Ruoyu. Hu, Zhang Ruji and Meng Kun jointly organized the anti dragon "Jingdian army". On April 12, Zhu Xushi of Longyun department and Li Shen Department of Guizhou army attacked Zhou Xicheng, and Zhou Zhan died. Li Shen succeeded as chairman of Guizhou provincial government. In July, the Yunnan army left Guizhou. Mao Guangxiang, the former subordinate of Zhou Xicheng, counterattacked Guiyang. Li Shen fled, and Mao became the chairman of Guizhou provincial government. On July 11, a powder magazine exploded in Beimen street of Kunming, and most of Kunming city was destroyed, which is called "July 1" incident. Longyunbu fought with the Jingdian army in the suburb of Kunming, and the Jingdian army retreated. In winter, Zhang Ruji was captured by long yunbu and shot. Meng Kun crossed the river and drowned. Hu Ruoyu fled to Shanghai and the Jingdian army collapsed. Long Yun unified Yunnan. The Nanjing government issued the Yunnan provincial government organization order and appointed Long Yun as the chairman of the provincial government. The alternate cloud dragon team was established as a military officer. Long Shengwu, the eldest son of Long Yun, was Chiang Kai Shek's adopted son.

In May 1930 (the 19th year of the Republic of China), on the order of Chiang Kai Shek, Long Yun took Lu Han as the commander-in-chief of the former enemy and sent 20000 troops to attack Guangxi. He besieged Nanning for more than three months and returned to Yunnan. In November, Long Yun announced that the division would be replaced by a brigade. On December 31, Long Yun set up a military training regiment, which is also the head of the regiment.

In 1931 (the 20th year of the Republic of China), with Longyun and Luhan as the main donors, an Enpu directly organized Zhaotong Minmin Industrial Company to carry out reclamation, mining, and set up a lamp factory in Zhaotong. On March 10, Lu Han, Zhu Xu, Zhang Fengchun and Zhang Chong jointly set off the "three ten" incident, which immediately failed. Yunnan Provincial Economic Committee was established.

In 1932 (the 21st year of the Republic of China), fudianxin bank was reorganized and established, with Li Peiyan and Miao Yuntai as the presidents. They successively donated money for the construction of ten counties such as Zhaotong United women's middle school, Zhaotong women's junior middle school, people's education center and Yanshan primary school.

In 1934, he donated money to the Zhaolu river water conservancy project. In April, Long Yun was elected to the fifth central supervisory committee of the Kuomintang. In December, the Central Red Army entered Guizhou. On the one hand, Long Yun helped Wang jialie and you with 300000 ammunition to enhance the strength of Guizhou army to block and chase the Red Army; on the other hand, he directly sent Sundu to lead the troops to chase and block the Red Army.

On February 6, 1935 (the 24th year of the Republic of China), Chiang Kai Shek took long Yun as the commander-in-chief of the second route army of the bandit suppression army and ordered long to lead his troops against the Red Army.

In January 1936 (the 25th year of the Republic of China), the second and sixth regiments of the red army arrived in Bijie, Guizhou. Chiang Kai Shek appointed Long Yun as the director of "Yunnan Guizhou appeasement office". On April 5, Chiang Kai Shek appointed Long Yun as commander in chief of the Yunnan Guizhou Communist suppression army. On June 1, the Guangdong and Guangxi incident took place. Li Zongren and Chen Jitang opposed Chiang Kai Shek. Long Yun supported Chiang Kai Shek and condemned the incident. On December 12, when the Xi'an incident happened, Long Yun supported Chiang Kai Shek and condemned Zhang and Yang.

the period of Counter-Japanese War

On July 7, 1937, Japan launched a comprehensive war of aggression against China. On August 8, Long Yun left Kunming for Nanjing to attend the "National Defense Conference" and agreed to send 20000 troops to support the national anti Japanese war. In August, while attending the National Defense Conference in Nanjing, Long Yun made an impassioned speech: we should do our best to contribute to the country and sacrifice everything with all the local human and financial resources

Chinese PinYin : Long Yun