Li Chao

Joseon Dynasty

Joseon Dynasty

(Korean: Chou Chou, 1392-1910), also known as Lee Dynasty, is the last unified feudal dynasty in the history of Korean Peninsula.

In 1392, Li Chenggui replaced Wang Gaoli and founded the country. The capital of the Korean Dynasty was originally located in Kaijing (now Kaicheng; also known as Songdu), the former capital of the Korean Dynasty. In 1394, the capital was set in Hanyang (now Seoul), and the next year it was renamed Seoul. He moved back to Kaicheng in 1399 and moved his capital to Hanyang again in 1405. By the middle of the 15th century, the territory of the Korean Dynasty was basically shaped, roughly equivalent to the sum of Korea and South Korea. The Yalu River and Tumen River were the boundaries of China in the north.

The Korean dynasty ruled by Confucianism, and Confucianism replaced Buddhism as the ruling idea of the country. The invention of Korean also provided conditions for the cultural popularization of Korean civilians. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, they paid tribute to the Chinese imperial court. From Taizong Li Fangyuan to Gaozong Li Xi, all the kings of the past dynasties were canonized by the Chinese emperor; they adopted the policy of making neighbors to Japan and other neighboring countries or tribes.

From the end of the 16th century to the early 17th century, Korea was invaded by Japan and Nuzhen successively (the war of Renchen, the war of Dingmao and the war of Bingzi), and the social order was greatly impacted. In 1876, the Treaty of Jianghua was signed with Japan, which opened the door to China. After the Sino Japanese War of 1894-1895, he was no longer a vassal to China. In 1897, Emperor Li Xi of Gaozong changed his name to the Korean empire. In 1910, Japan annexed the Korean Peninsula, and the Korean Empire and Dynasty perished. It lasted for 27 monarchs and 519 years.

National name

The word "Korea" was originally the name of the ancient oriental country. The Korean Dynasty began to link its country with "Korea" and became its nickname. For example, Li Chengxiu in the late Koryo Dynasty introduced his own country in his "emperor rhyme" as follows: "there is a different universe in Liaodong, which is different from China and Korea. Hongtao Wanqing surrounded by three sides, in the north of the mausoleum even as the line. China is thousands of miles away

North Korea

The shape of the country is better than that of the sky. The Chinese title is "Little China." In the imperial edict given to Koryo by Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of Ming Dynasty, it was written: "King Zhuan, king of Koryo, is the guardian of the world

North Korea

……”。 In 1392, Li Chenggui overthrew the Korean Dynasty and established himself as the king. He wrote the name of "Korea" (the ancient name of the country built by Jizi) and "hening" (the birthplace of Li Chenggui) to Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of Ming Dynasty. He ruled that Zhu Yuanzhang chose the new name of "Korea" because: "the name of Dongyi is only the beauty of Korea, and it comes from a long distance, so it can be inherited by its name. The herdsmen of TIANTI are the heirs of Yongchang. " On February 15, 1393, the 26th year of Hongwu, Li Chenggui granted the imperial edict of the Ming Dynasty and named the country Korea. In solemn occasions, North Korea will take the full name of the above countries as its full name, such as "Youming Xianguo". After the Jianghua treaty, it began to use "great Korea" as its official name to Europe, America and Japan.

Because the name of the monarch of the Korean Dynasty is Li, and the word "Korea" once appeared in history (Jizi Korea, Weiman Korea, etc.), the past historians generally used to call this dynasty "Li's Korea" (Li Dynasty for short), and the ancient countries that used Korea as their national name were called "ancient Korea" to show their differences. However, South Korea believes that the so-called "Lee Dynasty" or "Lee's Korea" is a derogatory term created by the Japanese and should not be used any more. Instead, it should be renamed "Korean Dynasty" or "Korean era". Therefore, the term "Korean Dynasty" has been advocated by the Korean national language and Culture Association since 1977 and has become a politically correct term in Contemporary South Korea. Later, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea used "Korean feudal dynasty" instead of "Li Dynasty" as a formal name for the Korean Dynasty.

history

The founding of Korea

< sub > master data: < / sub > < sub > Huijun in Weihua Island < / sub > < sub >, < / sub > < sub > Korean Taizu < / sub > < sub >, < / sub > < sub > Korean Dynasty record

At the end of the 14th century, after years of war and the invasion of the Mongolian Empire, the Korean Dynasty was in danger. In 1388, the Ming Dynasty sent people to Korea to announce the establishment of tielingwei. Cui Ying, an important Minister of Korea, prepared to fight against Ming Dynasty and sent Li Chenggui to invade Liaodong Peninsula. Li Chenggui's father, Li Zichun, was a local aristocrat, who served as the head of the Shuangcheng mansion for thousands of households. In 1356, Korea attacked the land and Li Zichun surrendered. In 1362, Li Chenggui attacked his father and took part in the military action to resist the invasion of Nuzhen nationality and Mongolian residual forces in Tumen River and Yalu River. Soon after, he was transferred to Beijing to defend against Japanese pirates in the south. In 1380 and 1385, they broke the Japanese pirates and became more and more famous.

On the island of Weihua, Li Chenggui once again demanded the withdrawal of the king on the grounds of the difficulty of crossing the river and the lack of food. However, the request for withdrawal was rejected again, and Li Chenggui decided to withdraw on May 22. This is the Huijun incident in Weihua island. Li Chenggui launched a mutiny and overthrew the rule of King Gao Lizhe. Cui Ying was executed and King Gao was exiled to Huang Lifu. Wang Chang, the son of Wang Zhe, was made king, and Li Chenggui later made Wang Yao king under the pretext that the father and son of Wang Zhe and Chang were not Wang family.

In 1392, Li Chenggui cleared Zheng Mengzhou, the leader of the Korean court opposition. After Wang Yao was exiled to Yuanzhou, he was recommended by the officials and was located in shouchang Palace on July 17 to establish the Korean Dynasty, which established the basic national policy for the Ming Dynasty and ended nearly 500 years of history of the Korean Dynasty. We will implement the science and technology field law and reward agriculture. By appeasing and conquering the Nuzhen tribe in the northeast of Korean Peninsula, Li Chenggui further strengthened his jurisdiction over the area and made its territory reach the Tumen River. Japanese pirates did not dare to harass North Korea during Li Chenggui's administration. After the death of Li Chenggui, the Japanese invasion rose again.

Coup and consolidation

< sub > master data: < / sub > < sub > the first Prince rebellion < / sub > < sub >, < / sub > < sub > the second prince rebellion < / sub > < sub >, < / sub > < sub > Korean Taizong

Since Li Chenggui founded the Korean Dynasty, he maintained a very close suzerain vassal relationship with the Ming government, and under a series of relatively enlightened policies in the early stage, the society showed great vitality. Although there have been many civil disturbances, the political situation is still stable in most cases. Therefore, the early period of the Korean Dynasty is generally recognized as the development period of the Korean Dynasty, especially the reign of emperor Shizong is considered as the golden age of the Korean Dynasty. However, after Shizong, Shizu and Chengzong, most of the later Korean monarchs were listless and lacked the skills of governing the country, which was accompanied by the intensified party struggle and the hardship of people's livelihood. This had a very bad influence on the official administration and social life in the later period of Korea.

With the emergence and consolidation of North Korea's new throne, the successor to the throne began to become a problem in North Korea. Li Fangyuan, the fifth son of Li Chenggui, made the greatest contribution in helping him ascend the throne. However, under the lobbying of Zheng Daochuan and other important officials, Li Chenggui established Li Fangshuo as his eighth son in 1392.

On August 26, 1398, the 31 year old prince jing'anjun Li Fangyuan launched a military coup. He led his troops to Jingfu palace and went to Zishan hall in the east palace. He killed his half brother Li Fangshuo, 17 years old, and another half brother Li Fangfan, 18 years old. After winning the title, Li Fangyuan led his army to join the family of the first-class meritorious official of the founding of the country and the successor of Bo Zheng Dao in Fenghua. Zheng Daochuan, a 56 year old official in power, was talking with his good friend Shen Xiaosheng, the father-in-law of his son, and was killed by the soldiers. It is called "Wuyin Yasukuni" in history.

Fearing that the princes would kill each other, Li Chenggui decided to retire immediately and give up the throne to his second son, Li Fangguo, who was the emperor of Korea. After Ding Zong ascended the throne, he moved his capital back to Kaijing. In the second year of Jianwen (1400), the Korean Dynasty was in turmoil again. In order to fight for the throne, Pu Bao and Li Fanggan, one of the founders of the country, instigated a rebellion against Li Fangyuan, who was in power. Under the control of Li Fangyuan, the king of dingzong was only Li Fangyuan. The growth of Li Fangyuan's power stimulated Li Fanggan's ambition. Regardless of the disparity of power, Li Fanggan is determined to fight with his fifth brother. Li Fanggan takes advantage of his brother's hunting opportunity to mobilize private soldiers to harm Li Fangyuan, but the conspiracy has long been detected by Li Fangyuan's eagles and dogs. Li Fanggan had no choice but to start his army ahead of time, and the king and dingzong repeatedly told him that the dissuasion was ineffective. Li Shufan, Li Fanggan, Meng Zong and Li Chengqi fought in Zhushan lane of Kaicheng. Li Shufan shot Li Chengqi, and Li Fanggan's army scattered. Li Fang ran to the north in poverty. At last, he was killed and captured and exiled to Tushan county.

In his later years, Li Chenggui ran away all night and went back to his hometown Xianxing. Since then, the frequently sent envoys to Xianxing have been killed by Li Chenggui, but this can not deter the fierce Li Fangyuan. Two years later, Li Chenggui was taken back to Hanyang, where his father and son finally met. Li Chenggui was imprisoned in Changde palace for the last six years of his life. After the rebellion of Pu Bao, Li Fangyuan became the son of the world. In November, he was king of Zen and king of zongzong was king of Renwen Gongrui.

Emperor Taizong of Korea began to issue decrees to consolidate his royal rule. Internally, Taizong changed the tradition of "king and Minister flattering Buddha" in the Korean Dynasty, advocating Confucianism and learning Confucian classics. Politically, it imitated the system of the Ming Dynasty and implemented the so-called "six Cao system". The first measure of Taizong was to disband the private soldiers of the prince and nobles and take over the military power to the central government. The abolition of private soldier system effectively prevented possible rebellion and increased the number of soldiers in the national army. Taizong's second measure is

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