Wang Wei

Wang Wei

Wang Wei (701-761), the word Mojie, No. Mojie Jushi. Hedong Puzhou (now Yuncheng, Shanxi) people, ancestral Qixian, Shanxi. Tang Dynasty poet, painter.

Wang Wei, born in the Wang family of Hedong, became a scholar in the ninth year of Kaiyuan (721) of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, and was a tailecheng. Li Guanyou picked up the relics, supervised the censor and the judge of Hexi Jiedushi. During the reign of Tianbao, he paid homage to the doctor of the Ministry of officials and the Minister of administration. When Anlushan captured Chang'an, he was forced to accept the puppet position. After the recovery of Chang'an, he was granted the crown prince's consent. During the reign of emperor suzong of Tang Dynasty, he was appointed as Youcheng of Shangshu, known as "wangyoucheng".

Wang Wei, a Buddhist, learned from Zhuangzi and was proficient in poetry, calligraphy, painting and music. He was famous for his poems in Kaiyuan and Tianbao, especially for his five character poems and his pastoral poems. Together with Meng Haoran, Wang Wei was known as "Wang Meng" and "poetry Buddha". Calligraphy and painting are so wonderful that they are regarded as the ancestor of Nanzong landscape painting. Wang Youcheng's collection and the secret of painting study are his works, with about 400 poems. Su Shi of the Northern Song Dynasty commented: "there are pictures in the poems for appreciating the poems of Mojie; there are poems in the paintings for viewing the paintings of Mojie."

(an overview of Wang Wei's portraits is taken from the interpretation of the portraits of famous ministers in the past dynasties.)

Life of the characters

Talent shows early

Wang Wei was born in the first year of Chang'an (701) of Empress Wu Zetian in Puzhou (now Yongji, Shanxi). He who shows his talent early is wise when he is young.

In 715, Wang Wei left home for Chang'an, the capital city, to take the exam. As a result of being able to write good poems, work in calligraphy and painting, and also have musical talent, so as soon as they arrived in the capital, they immediately became the favorite of the princes and nobles.

Seeking official position in Beijing

Kaiyuan five years (717), in Chang'an, during which sometimes to Luoyang. There is a poem "September 9, Shandong brothers" and so on.

In the seventh year of Kaiyuan (719), he was in Chang'an. In July, he was tested in jingzhaofu. There are poems such as Li Ling Yong and Xi Shi Yong.

In 720, in Chang'an, Chang Congqi, Wang Lifan and others had a banquet. In spring, I tried the Ministry of rites.

In the ninth year of Kaiyuan (721), Zhongjin was a scholar and served as a member of tailecheng. He was demoted to Jizhou secang to join the army because of the yellow lion dance. On the way to Jeju, he wrote such poems as "staying in Zhengzhou".

Half official and half hidden

In 726, he joined the army from Jizhou.

In 728, he lived in seclusion in qishang.

In the 17th year of Kaiyuan (729), he began to learn from Daoguang Zen master of dajianfu temple. In winter, Meng Haoran returned to Xiangyang. Before he left, there was a poem for him.

Around the 19th year of Kaiyuan (731), Wang Wei's wife died. There was no further marriage.

In the 22nd year of Kaiyuan (734), Zhang Jiuling lived in Chang'an, went to Luoyang in autumn, offered poems, and lived in seclusion in Songshan.

In the 23rd year of Kaiyuan (735), Guan Baiyou picked up the relics and left Songshan for Dongdu.

In the 24th year of Kaiyuan (736), he returned to Chang'an with Emperor Xuanzong in winter and October.

In the 25th year of Kaiyuan (737), he went to the Hexi festival in Liangzhou to be a censor and judge.

In the 26th year of Kaiyuan (738), he returned to Chang'an from Hexi and was still under the supervision of the imperial censor.

In the 28th year of Kaiyuan (740), he moved to the palace to serve the censor. In winter, he went to the south for official business, from Chang'an to Lingnan via Xiangyang, Yingzhou and Xiakou.

In the 29th year of Kaiyuan (741), he came back from the north and south of the mountain. He once paid a visit to Zen master in Waguan temple.

Tianbao first year (742), in Chang'an, turn left buque.

Tianbao three years (744), began to operate Lantian Wangchuan other industries.

Tianbao four years (745), moved to serve the censor, mission Yulin, Xinqin two counties, once to Nanyang County, met the monks.

Tianbao five years (746), transfer treasury department member wailang.

Tianbao seven years (748), transferred to the treasury department doctor.

Tianbao nine years (750 years), spring, the death of his mother mourning, away from the dynasty in Wangchuan.

Tianbao eleven years (752), in early March, mourning expired, the official worship of the Ministry of Li doctor. At that time, the Ministry of official affairs was changed into the Ministry of culture, and became the doctor of the Ministry of culture.

In the 14th year of Tianbao (755), he was transferred from the doctor of the Ministry of education to Shizhong.

Captured in chaos

Tianbao 15 years (756 years), still in charge of things. In June, the rebels of Anlu mountain fell into Tongguan and then entered Chang'an. Xuanzong fled to Sichuan in a hurry and Wang Wei was captured. After being captured, he took medicine to get dysentery and pretended to be ill to avoid trouble. But because of his great poem name, an Lushan sent people to welcome him to Luoyang, where he was detained in the Bodhi temple, and forced him to give him a false post.

In the second year of Zhide (757), in September and October, the Tang army recovered Chang'an and Luoyang one after another. Wang Wei and other officials who trapped thieves were all taken to prison, and then sent to Chang'an. These people were supposed to die according to the law, but because he wrote "Ning Bi Chi" when he was captured to express the pain of national subjugation and the feeling of missing the imperial court, and because his younger brother Wang Jin, the Minister of justice of the Ministry of punishment, had meritorious service in his rehabilitation and asked for his brother's atonement, Wang Wei was forgiven and was reduced to the crown prince's consent.

Life in old age

In the first year of Qianyuan (758), he was responsible for conferring the crown prince zhongyun, adding the Bachelor of Jixian hall, moving the crown prince Zhongshu son, Zhongshu Sheren.

In the first year of the Shangyuan Dynasty (760), in the summer, he was transferred to Youcheng, the minister. This was the highest rank and the last position in his life.

In the second year of Shangyuan Dynasty (761), he was still an official. Spring, on the "duty bow recommended younger brother table", request to cut all his official posts, released to the countryside, so that his brother Wang Jin can return to the capital. In May, into the thankless. He died in July. On his deathbed, he still wrote a book to say goodbye to his relatives and friends, and died peacefully after finishing it.

Main impact

literature

Wang Wei's literary achievements are mainly reflected in his poetry creation. Wang Wei's poems depicting natural scenery such as mountains and rivers and idyllic life and singing about reclusive life, depicting images and shapes, have the beauty of freehand brushwork and vivid, both in form and spirit. Wang Wei created a kind of artistic conception of "painting in poetry, poetry in painting" (Dongpo postscript · shumojie Lantian misty rain picture) "and" Zen in poetry "with a fresh, distant and natural style, which set up a banner in the poetry world.

Ideological content

Wang Wei's landscape and pastoral poetry, while describing the natural beauty, reveals the leisure life in leisure. Wang Wei became increasingly depressed from middle age and sought sustenance in Buddhism and landscape. He claimed that "when he realized silence, he would have more leisure in his life" (meal over Pusan monk). This kind of mood is fully reflected in his poetry creation. In the past, many people praised Wang Wei's poems, not only because of their high artistic skills, but also because they resonated with the leisure and negative thoughts embodied in them. In the Ming Dynasty, Hu Yinglin called Wang Wei's five unique works "but he entered the Zen sect", and also said that the two poems of "bird singing stream" and "xinyiwu" were "two forgets of one's life experience after reading, and all thoughts are silent" (shisou), which is a clear proof.

In Wang Wei's poems on other subjects, such as farewell and travel, there are often beautiful scenery sentences, such as "a distant tree brings travelers, a lonely city should be the setting sun" ("send qiwuqian to return home)", "a rainy night in the mountains, a hundred springs in the trees" ("send to Ambassador Li of Zizhou)", "the sun sets white in the lake, and the tide comes green in the sky" ("send to xingguizhou)", "smoke straight in the desert, and the sun sets in the long river" Yuan "(" Shi Zhi Sai Shang ") and so on are all famous sentences that can never be lost.

In Wang Wei's works, the subjects of military life and frontier fortress life, such as "marching in the army", "traveling in Longxi", "yanzhizi", "hunting", "envoys to the frontier" and "leaving the frontier", are all magnificent and flying works. The inner contradiction of the feudal class reflected in the general's praises. Hunting watching vividly describes the hunting scene. Yimen song sings the chivalrous spirit of historical figures. The four poems of young people's travel shows chivalrous, bold and unconstrained, vivid and fluent.

There are also some poems, such as Ji Shang Si Xian Yong, fable, bu Yu Yong and Zhao Nu Tan konghou, the fifth of the six poems by chance, which express indignation at the unreasonable phenomenon that the rich and noble controlled the official career and the talented people were not met, reflecting some dark side of feudal Politics in Kaiyuan and Tianbao periods. "Luoyang daughter's journey", "Xi Shi Yong" and "Zhu Li Guan" express the feelings and satire of the powerful and powerful by means of comparison. There are also "Mrs. Xi" and "ban Jieyu" which express women's pain. They are deeply sad and have certain social significance. Some lyric poems that present relatives and friends and describe daily life, such as farewell, farewell to Li at lingaotai, farewell to Yuan Er Shi Anxi, farewell to Shen Zifu's Jiangdong, memory of Shandong brothers on September 9, Acacia and Miscellaneous Poems, have been sung for thousands of years; farewell to Yuan Er Shi Anxi and Acacia were broadcast as music and widely sung at that time.

style of art

Wang Wei's poems are usually in the form of five rhythms and five unique features. They are short in length, exquisite in language and relatively slow in syllables. They are especially suitable for expressing the quiet landscape and the poet's peaceful mood. People often use "painting in poetry" to comment on Wang Wei's poems, which really summarizes the artistic characteristics of Wang Wei's poems. There are many landscape and pastoral poems by Wang Wei, most of which have the characteristics of poetic and picturesque fusion. The so-called "painting in poetry" refers to a high degree of image, that is, to use language to depict a picture of life that seems to be visible and palpable.

The picturesque beauty of Wang Wei's landscape pastoral poetry is mainly manifested in two aspects. On the one hand, it is the beauty of hierarchy. Wang Wei's landscape pastoral poems skillfully use artistic composition techniques, which are reflected in many poems. For example, in Zhongnanshan, the poet first uses exaggeration to depict the great wheel of Zhongnanshan, which can only be viewed from a distance, but can not be short-sighted. Otherwise, the mysterious beauty of Zhongnanshan will be lost. Then, the poet is in Zhongnanshan and depicts the scene as if walking in the clouds. Then, the poet is in Zhongnanshan and looks at the scenery in the distance, which has changed Finally, the poet turned to find a place to stay and found a woodcutter on the other side of the mountain

Chinese PinYin : Wang Wei