Folk song

Folk song

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Folk songs refer to songs that people improvise when they work in the fields or express their emotions. Its content is extensive, the structure is short, the melody is bright, the emotion is simple, the high pitched, the rhythm is free.

Folk songs are mainly distributed in plateau, inland, mountain villages, fishing villages and other areas. It is widely spread and rich in resources. Folk song is one of the basic genres of Chinese folk songs. It generally refers to the folk songs with free rhythm and long melody, which are popular in plateau, mountainous and hilly areas, and are sung by people on the road, cutting firewood, grazing, mowing grass or at folk song meetings for their own entertainment.

meaning

One of the basic genres of Chinese folk songs. It is widely spread and rich in resources. According to one view, folk songs with free rhythm and long melody, which are popular in plateau, mountainous and hilly areas, are commonly referred to as folk songs. They have the basic characteristics of singing in individual labor, singing freely and entertaining themselves. Generally speaking, this broad concept of folk song is more helpful for us to understand the artistic characteristics of folk song genre.

characteristic

1. The beat and rhythm are relatively free (even if the rhythm of the main part is regular, a shout is often added at the beginning of the music (such as Midu folk song).

2. The melody has great ups and downs.

3. There are many up and down sentence structures (there are some five sentence structures in the South).

4. Lyrics are often only one or two paragraphs, and use more antithetical sentences.

The morphological characteristics of ditty:

1. The rhythm is more even.

2. The melody is graceful and delicate.

3. Most of them are regular structures of starting, connecting and transferring.

4. Lyrics often have many paragraphs, and long and short sentences are often used.

distribution

The spread and distribution of Chinese folk songs are mainly concentrated in the Northwest Loess Plateau, Qinling Daba Mountain, Dabie Mountain, Wuyi Mountain and Tibet Plateau. Among them, the most representative transmission areas and varieties are "Xintianyou", "Shanqu" and "climbing mountain tune" in Shanxi and Shaanxi, "Huaer" in Ningxia, Gansu and Qinghai, "jieerge", "maoshange" and "beierge" in southern Shaanxi and Northern Sichuan, "manzhuniu" in Dabie Mountain Area, "wushange" in Jiangsu and Zhejiang areas, "Hakka folk song" in the intersection of Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong areas, "chenge" in the junction of Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan“ The song of God ", Dading folk song and other folk songs in Guangdong and Guangxi.

classification

Folk songs can be divided into general folk songs, Tianyang folk songs and grazing folk songs.

Generally, folk songs are widely distributed in the Han nationality areas of China, such as "Xintianyou" in Northern Shaanxi, "Huaer" in Qinghai, and "zhuanniu" in Anhui.

It is a kind of folk song sung by a special "Yangko helper" in the field in order to inspire the mood of workers and improve the efficiency.

Herding folk song is a kind of folk song that herders sing to yell livestock or ask and answer each other. It is mostly sung by children. The melody is lively, the lyrics are vivid, full of interest, and often has the lining words of yelling.

type

Folk songs are the unique appellation of local folk songs in different regions. The common folk songs are "Xintianyou" in Northern Shaanxi, "Shanqu" in Shanxi, "Huaer" and "Youth" in Qinghai and Gansu, "ganwuju" in Hubei, "chenge" in Sichuan, and "zhengjinghong" in Anhui, etc. Nowadays, Meng Jiangnu's tunes are still popular, such as "the moon shines on Kyushu"; cut beautiful flowers, such as "back to my mother's home"; Embroidered Purse, such as "go west". For example, the folk songs of Zhangjiajie include "sister Hua", "little girl", "a sparrow and a head". Others include "Da Zhi Shan Ge Guo Bian Pai", "Midu Shan Ge", "Dui Niao", "when Huaihua will bloom", "Malan Shan Ge", "Shan Ge sing spring every year", "Shan Ge marriage", "unforgettable stream" and so on.

flower

"Head and tail together", "two burdens of water" and "broken waist" are the lyrics structure of the folk song "Huaer" popular in Gansu, Qinghai and Ningxia. There are two main structures in Huaer's libretto. One is "head and tail together", which is composed of four lyrics, that is, two pairs of upper and lower sentences. The number of words in each sentence is roughly the same, but the phrase structure of the upper and lower sentence lyrics forms a staggered effect in rhythm, and the single number or phrase is opposite to the even number phrase; the second Lyric structure is called "two burdens of water" or "broken waist" by the local people, which is a six sentence structure, that is, "head and tail" Adding a 3-5-character half sentence between each pair of "Qi" type sentences not only increases the capacity of the lyrics, but also changes the rhythm, which is catchy to read. Jiaduo: Jiaduo is often used in folk songs. Staccato sentences are generally intensive rhythm, often a word a sound, melody is not strong, rhythm is handled neatly consistent, powerful, similar to the recitation of the number board. Duoju does not pursue the ups and downs of melody, but highlights the dynamic rhythm. Staccato sentences are often inserted in the middle of folk songs, whose sonorous and neat rhythm is in sharp contrast with the melodious melody stretching back and forth, while expanding the capacity of words and sentences. The stackeling sentence also has the function of re accumulating power for the later stretching melody. Jiaduo also writes "Jiaduo". It is a part added to the structure of folk songs, and it is often sandwiched in the middle of a paragraph.

Dehua folk song

There are love songs, labor songs, current political songs, ritual songs, Life songs, etc., for example, labor songs include "Huniu song", "MuNiu song", "Dashi song", "tiaodanghaozi", "Botian Xiaochang", "Zuotang song", etc.; current political songs include "good reputation for resisting Japan and saving the country", "Moonlight", "song of a strong man", "red army discipline song", "turning over song", etc.; ritual songs include "Jue Shu" Song, Festival song, ritual song, sacrificial song, etc.; love song category includes "wholeheartedly share Niang Hao", "Shengshui Niang Zi", "Fengzi blows fragrance", "Niang Ru looks like you see" and so on; life song category includes "song of persuading filial piety", "song of Gu Niu", "ask Jia Xinmei", "flower in the garden" and so on.

In the economically developed cultural circle of Southern Fujian, Dehua folk song is a rare carrier of local culture. People use folk songs to praise the new society and new life. Mountain folk songs are sung everywhere, which enrich the cultural life of rural people and play an important role in local folk etiquette activities, local propaganda and foreign exchange.

Characteristics of moralization

Dehua folk songs are different from other folk songs in the following aspects: first, they have a long history and clear origin. The origin of Dehua folk songs can be traced back to the late Tang Dynasty. Yan Renyu, the director of guidechang (the predecessor of Dehua County when it was built), has "a hundred poems, which are passed down among the people", and is known as "officer Yan's poem" by the people. The poems include ten categories (each one) of Nongsang, Zhumen, Kelu, Bianting, Chengcheng, poor girl, negative salary, Kongmen, Shanju and Yufu Yan Renyu's poems have been widely read among the people for a long time. Second, it is promoted by local opera. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the rise of Dehua rural opera classes, puppet shows, Gaojia plays, puppet shows, lion dances and dragon dances has promoted the prosperity and development of folk songs. The third is to sing in Dehua dialect. The lyrics rhyme, the language is refined, the structure and paragraph are clear; there are obvious features of diction, colloquial word formation and sentence arrangement in folk oral communication. Fourth, the singing is euphemistic. The melody of Dehua folk song is simple, the rhythm is simple, and it has the characteristics of regular, and the fluctuation of the song is not big, more stable, easy to sing, and the performance is vivid, lively, kind, natural, simple and unique.

Hakka folk songs

Hakka people are good at singing, Hakka folk songs are formed and developed with the formation of Hakka people. Hakka folk song is a folk song sung in Hakka dialect. It is produced among Hakka working people. When people cut firewood, pick wood catalpa, cut wood and set aside, shovel pine oil, carry burdens and work in the fields, they either seek Companions to drive away wild animals and robbers; or they make fun of the song to eliminate fatigue; or they complain about resentment; or they vent their anger; or they express their love for men and women. The rich and colorful content of "singing opera is half fake, folk songs are true" is a mirror of Hakka people's life. Among them, the number of love songs is the largest and the most characteristic. As the folk songs sing: "since ancient times, folk songs sing romantic", "folk songs do not sing romantic".

Such as love, exploration, pursuit, first love, passionate love, rejection of love, farewell, acacia, broken love and so on, are expressed in a large number of different forms of folk songs. For example, a Shangyou folk song says: "if you play a curse on the Gaoling ridge, the house of Xi Mei will eat Yan daytime; when Xi Mei hears the curse, she will throw chopsticks and bowls." It shows the innocent and lively image that Xi Mei has no intention to eat when she hears brother Qing's singing folk songs. Another example is Xingguo's life and death Entanglement: "when you enter the mountain, you see the vines entangle the trees; when you go out of the mountain, you see the vines entangle the trees; when the trees die, the vines entangle the life and death, and when the vines die, the trees also entangle the life and death." This folk song, which shows the life and death of love, is widely spread in southern Jiangxi, eastern Guangdong, Western Fujian, Guangxi and Taiwan. It inherits the traditional style of the book of songs, and is greatly influenced by the unique laws of Tang poetry and Zhuzhi CI. At the same time, it absorbs the excellent elements of folk songs from all over the south. For thousands of years, it has been widely spread and sung for a long time.

Hakka folk songs include labor songs, persuading songs, industry songs, playing songs, showing off songs, Xuxuan songs, Lapan songs, riddle songs, guessing tunes, minor tunes, bamboo board songs, etc. The melody of Hakka folk songs is beautiful, and almost all the tunes have vibrato, glide, Yiyin and other decorative sounds, which makes the melody become circuitous and euphemistic. Hakka folk songs

Chinese PinYin : Shan Ge