Liu Chi
Liu Chi
Liu chi (March 10, 1921 ~ October 23, 1998), male, formerly known as Liu Deyin, formerly known as Xiaoshan, was born in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province. He is a film composer and songwriter. He has successively served as a dancer of the Anti Japanese War Troupe (Deputy monitor of the dance class), a teacher of the Music Department of Lu Xun art and Literature College in Yan'an, a graduate student, a teaching assistant, a composer and conductor of the Northeast cultural and Art Troupe, and a composer and conductor of the Northeast Lu art and music troupe. The most famous film musician in New China, the representative work of "my motherland", the theme song of the film "heroic children" and the episode of the film documentary "flowers of the motherland" let's swing the oars
After the founding of the people's Republic of China, he has successively served as composer and art director of the opera company of the Central Academy of drama, member of the composition and Art Committee of the Central Experimental opera house, art consultant of the China Railway Cultural and Art Troupe, vice president of the Liaoning Provincial Opera House and director of the Art Committee, vice chairman of the general troupe and member of the Art Committee of the China Coal Mine cultural and Art Troupe, director of the China Music Association, member of the creation Committee, and editorial board member of the song department.
Early experience
Liu Chi studied drumming with folk artists since childhood. At the age of nine, his father, who was a bank clerk, lost his job, and three generations of people had a hard life. In order to lighten the burden of his family, he went to the three immortals temple in Xi'an to clean the Buddhist hall and eat. There was an ancient band in the temple, so Liu Chi began to learn the ancient music of the Tang Dynasty. He learned Xiao, Yunluo, all percussion instruments and the leading singing of Buddhist music from Fu Zhenzhong. With the flute Master Wang LiuYe (the authority of flute in ancient music circle), Liu Chi became a "all-round talent" in the ancient band. Liu Chi, who was good at playing Yunluo, Sheng, flute and jigongchipu, showed his artistic talent very early and became an excellent little performer, laying a solid foundation for his future music creation. At the age of 12 (1933), due to poverty, he was admitted to Xijing printing library and worked as a child laborer in the foundry. When I was 15 years old, the Xi'an incident happened, and the whole Xi'an was boiling. Every day, Liu Chi went to the streets to sell "extra" books for the printing house. He realized the dawn of hope in China from the surging student movement. It was said that there was a red army team not far from Xi'an, so they left home secretly and walked 90 Li to Yunyang town on December 25, 1936. At that time, he joined the workers' and peasants' Red Army. At that time, general Wu Xiuquan, who was the director of the left behind section of the Red Army, the former deputy chief of staff of the third Red Army Corps and 29 years old, personally put on his red army cap and issued him a red uniform. At first, he was sent to the Red Army University as a student, and then to the "Red Army drama club" as a young actor. From then on, Liu Chi became a small soldier of the Red Army of workers and peasants in China from a child worker. On the way to Yan'an, Liu Chi was too excited to sing and dance. An officer of the Northeast Army said: "this baby is like a small flame, a singing mouth, two thick and heavy eyebrows. It looks like a person composed of blazing words. What's his name Liu Deyin? Let's call him Liu Chi!" After Yan'an, the original name with traditional feudal meaning was forgotten.
"Liu Chi is 15 years old. He is the son of the manager of the Bank of Shaanxi Province. Liu Chi's father, Liu pengqing, was not the manager of the Bank of Shaanxi Province, but an employee of the bank. Influenced by the Xi'an Incident, he was inclined to "revolution" to join the Northeast drama club at that time, so he escaped from his family to join the Red Army drama club on December 25, 1936.
"On December 9, 1936, Liu Chi and middle school students took part in a demonstration to march to Lintong. He asked Chiang Kai Shek not to continue the civil war and to organize a united front. He was in the front row of the demonstration. At that time, Zhang Xueliang was on the way to persuade them to go back, because he was afraid that Chiang Kai Shek's gendarmerie would shoot them - two students had been injured, and the demonstration was in a state of extreme indignation. From then on, Liu Chi wanted to be a revolutionary, not a banker's son... "
On April 10, 1938, Yan'an Lu Xun art and Literature College, an institution specialized in training literary and artistic talents for the revolution, was established. The school, led by Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai and co founded by Lin Boqu, Xu Teli, Cheng Fangwu, Ai Siqi and Zhou Yang, has set up departments of drama, music, fine arts and literature, and has a number of outstanding teachers. As soon as it was founded, it has attracted young people from all sides of the motherland to the revolutionary holy land. The site of Luyi school was initially located on the hillside on the west side of the north gate of Yan'an ancient city. In 1939, he moved to qiaoergou outside the east gate of the ancient city. Lu Ji teaches free composition, Xiang Yu teaches harmony, Xian Xinghai teaches composition and conductor, and Du Yanjia teaches vocal music
Liu Chi joined the Communist Party of China in 1939. In April, Liu Chi was admitted to the third term of the Music Department of Lu Xun art and Literature College in Yan'an. He became Xian Xinghai's high foot and began his "class" music career, learning composition and conducting. After graduation, he entered the music research room as a graduate student and teaching assistant. In his later memories, he mentioned that he was admitted to the Music Department of Lu Xun college in Yan'an at that time: "I didn't take the exam at that time. I remember when I went to Mr. Xian Xinghai's cave, he was the only one sitting there, and I stood in front of him. He asked me to sing. I sang "March of the volunteers" and "song of saving the nation". Let me talk about my understanding of these two songs. It's that simple. I'm accepted. "
Liu Chi just entered the school to catch up with the school rehearsal "Yellow River Chorus". Wearing grey shoes, Xian Baobin, a middle-aged conductor, is standing on the hillside. There is a line of people in Caohai. Liu Chi has long admired Xian Xinghai. The son of this poor boatman studied in Paris under the guidance of French violinist PANI oberdorfield and composer paoguoluo Duka. After returning to China, he created a large number of vocal and film music, "love of the Yellow River" and "hot blood", which were sung for Liu Chi for a long time. Soon after he entered school, he listened to the "Yellow River Chorus" at the first anniversary of Luyi, He was deeply shocked by this magnificent large-scale music works!
Introduction to music, music movement, general musicology, solfeggio, ear training, composition, conducting, free composition, composition, chorus, instrumental music In the first semester, Liu Chi had a lot of homework. Every day he chewed those boring handouts, which made him feel powerless. But in the second semester of group research, he came to the composition group as happy as a bird into the forest. Liu Chi is addicted to composition. The dull scale becomes romantic under his combination, simple notes produce many strange and charming sounds under his weaving, and a new language flows out of his heart like a stream. Xian Xinghai asked students to hand in one piece of composition every week. His first piece of composition is "love song of Northern Shaanxi" composed by Liu Yu. Xian Xinghai commented in his exercise book: good. The second one is a children's song "Ding Ding Dong". Xian Xinghai commented: very good. In the third part, Liu Chi handed in a mixed voice two part chorus "fight song". Xian Xinghai was excited about the child's aura and said excitedly beside the score: "very good, I hope it can be sung all over the country!" Xian Xinghai's favor aroused Liu Chi's greater enthusiasm. At this time, Xian Xinghai sprinkled a drizzle on his head: Xiao Liu, in composing music, he should take national music as the main body of creation, but he should learn from European opera and symphonies, absorb everything from literature and other arts Therefore, he began to contact the works of Bach, Beethoven, Mozart Schubert and Tchaikovsky, and began to read Anna Karenina, the insulted and damaged, the trouble of Young Werther, Romeo and Juliet
He continued to collect folk songs. With his unique way of notation, he hid many northern Shaanxi, Mongolian, Xinjiang folk songs and his hometown tunes. These materials were like streams flowing into his heart. He always thought: national folk music is inexhaustible, inexhaustible source. Since he was in Luyi, his pocket has been packed with a small notebook bound with coarse Malan paper to collect folk songs day and night. He and Marco, Anbo, Zhang Lu and Guan Hetong are known as the "five person group" in Yan'an.
In May 1940, Xian Xinghai was going to the Soviet Union. Liu Chi was reluctant to part with his teacher's departure. He always sent Xinghai to the car to the south. He held the history of the Communist Party of China (Bolshevik) in his hand and asked Xinghai to write an inscription. Xinghai wrote quickly: "be loyal to the motherland, be loyal to the people, our Chinese literature and art is for the people." This precious inscription has been engraved in Liu Chi's heart for more than 50 years and has become the soul of his music creation.
In October 1940, Liu Chi graduated from the Department of Luyi music and became a graduate student in the music room. Soon after, he went to Erdos grassland to study Mongolian music. The Mongolian literature and art delegation was led by Wang Feng, accompanied by Zhu Dan, Wang Yafan, Li Jiantong, Ma Yin and Liu Chi. They came to Wushen Banner of YIKEZHAO League to collect folk customs, folk customs and folk music. Liu Chi was the youngest. He wore Mongolian clothes, visited Living Buddhas, made lamas, and made friends with herdsmen. He soon collected many Mongolian folk songs. He could not only write them down, but also sing them out quickly, which won the favor of many Mongolian compatriots. Because he could not speak Mongolian, the townsman said: "this guy, he forgot Mongolian, but he is still Mongolian."
During the war of liberation,
Liu Chi
In Northeast China, he carried out many music activities, founded music schools and Xinghai chorus, served as headmaster, head and conductor, and trained a large number of musicians for the coming New China. According to the first yellow river conference outside the pass, it created a precedent for radio to teach and sing revolutionary songs. It has played a great role in mobilizing, publicizing and educating the masses.
In 1942, they wrote "in the border region in July", giving optimism to the typical seven tone Huizhou style of Northern Shaanxi folk songs
Chinese PinYin : Liu Chi
Liu Chi
