Gong and Drum Art (Yichang tangdiao)

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Gong and Drum Art (Yichang tangdiao)

Applicant: Yichang City, Hubei Province

Project No.: 622

Project No.: Ⅱ - 123

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: Traditional Music

Region: Hubei Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Yichang City, Hubei Province

Protection unit: Yichang Mass Art Museum (Yichang Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center)

Introduction to gongs and drums (Yichang tangdiao)

Applicant: Yichang City, Hubei Province

Gong and drum art is a common form of folk instrumental music in China. It is widely distributed in Hebei, Tianjin, Shanxi, Shanghai, Henan, Hubei, Shanxi and other places. Although the musical instruments used in different places are different, most of them are high volume percussion instruments such as gongs, drums, cymbals and cymbals. The rhythm is more and more vivid, the performance scene is spectacular, and the artistic style is majestic and powerful. They are mainly performed in various folk auspicious occasions and ceremonies.

Yichang tangdiao, commonly known as "Tanggu", "zuotangdiao" and "zuotangcuda", is a popular folk music form in Yichang City, Hubei Province. It gets its name for its multi-purpose performance. It is the most wonderful part of tangdiao in Western Hubei, which is widely used in local wedding and funeral festivals and other folk activities. Yichang tangdiao has a long history. In addition to the relevant records in Chuci, the cultural relics of Eastern Han Dynasty and Song Dynasty unearthed in this area can also be an important evidence. In the Yongzheng period of Qing Dynasty, Yichang tangdiao absorbed all kinds of folk art factors, which were mainly opera, and further developed on this basis. It changed the accompaniment of human voice into suona, Jinghu and other musical instruments, changed it into percussion music, and continuously integrated folk song and dance music, which greatly enriched its own musical form.

There are more than 1000 tunes in Yichang tangdiao, including some "Caidiao", "chadiao" and "Dadiao", among which tujiatangdiao in Changyang and Wufeng counties, yanglintanggu in Zigui of Han nationality and "Caidiao" in Yiling District are the most representative. Yichang tangdiao has two forms: Sanqu and Taoqu. Among them, Taoqu is the representative work of tangdiao. This kind of performance routine is mainly used in specific etiquette procedures, such as the "Caidiao" used for wedding banquet. From beginning to end, the "Zhike" Shouli, there are fixed procedures from welcoming guests, entering the banquet, serving dishes to leaving the banquet and seeing off guests, which should be performed in strict accordance with the procedures. Most of Yichang tangdiao is in the form of six tone scale, with feather tone as the main part, and the melody is mainly composed of sign and Shang tone. There are many unique playing methods, such as the suona's "old and young match" needs to be turned up or changed melody to play, the accompaniment of percussion music has its own characteristics, such as batting and interleaving, and so on.

Yichang tangdiao is a rare living material in the study of the history of national music. It also has important reference value in the study of psychology and folklore. At present, under the impact of marketization, the survival of Yichang tangdiao is in crisis. Few local young people consciously accept and inherit this traditional folk art form, so it is urgent to take measures to protect and inherit it.

Chinese PinYin : Luo Gu Yi Shu Yi Chang Tang Diao