Dock number (dock number of Shanghai port)

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: dock number (dock number of Shanghai port)

Applicant: Pudong New Area, Shanghai

Item No.: 598

Project No.: Ⅱ - 99

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: Traditional Music

Region: Shanghai

Type: new item

Applicant: Pudong New Area, Shanghai

Protection unit: Tangqiao sub district office of Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Government

Brief introduction of dock number (dock number of Shanghai port)

Applicant: Pudong New Area, Shanghai

The dock number is mainly spread in docks and freight yards, singing in ship loading and unloading, cargo lifting, pushing and pulling and other related labor. This kind of labor requires workers to carry on, which leads to the characteristics of short rhythm, short and single melody, and the lyrics are mostly meaningless exclamations. There are many kinds of wharf numbers, such as the lifting number, upper shoulder number and carrying bag number of Dalian, Tianjin, Qingdao, Shanghai and Guangzhou, the flat road whistle of Chengdu, Sichuan, the cart number of Tianjin, the cart number of Anhui, etc.

After 1870, with the establishment of old Shanghai as the "Far East shipping center" and the development of industrial city, the cargo throughput of Shanghai wharf expanded rapidly. In the heavy physical labor, the dock workers created a unique number of Shanghai port. The wharf number of Shanghai port, which appears in the coastal urban port area, is quite different from the number of inland buildings, agriculture and fishery, showing the inclusiveness of the coexistence of diversity. The dock workers of Shanghai Port come from all over the country. Due to the differences of dialects, the songs they sing have different schools and styles, among which the songs of Northern Jiangsu and Hubei are the most popular and representative.

Due to the difference of loading and unloading goods, handling routes and handling methods, the dock number of Shanghai port can be divided into four categories and nine varieties, mainly including shoulder number, shoulder carrying number, stacking number, bar number, single lifting number, carrying number, lifting number, car shaking number, trailer number, etc. Its rhythm is varied, and each kind of chant has its own characteristics. Because the singers are all male, the voice range is broad, loud and clear, showing the beauty of masculinity.

Nie Er, a famous modern musician, once worked with the porters at the wharf of Shanghai port. In this process, he collected materials and created the well-known song of the dockers. A lot of music and aria in Huai opera "the morning of the harbor" on the stage of new China and later adapted Beijing Opera "the harbor" are created by drawing on the original ecological materials of the dock songs of Shanghai port.

The dock number of Shanghai Port records the living conditions of dock workers from the opening of Shanghai port to the 1960s. It has special historical research value and provides important materials for the study of traditional folk music. At present, with the changes of the times, the dock number has faded out of Shanghai's urban life, and is less and less known. In this situation, it is necessary to take certain measures to rescue and protect the special wharf number of Shanghai port.

Chinese PinYin : Ma Tou Hao Zi Shang Hai Gang Ma Tou Hao Zi