Sea Songs (Zhoushan fishermen's songs)

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: haiyanghaozi (Zhoushan fishermen's Haozi)

Applicant: Daishan County, Zhejiang Province

Item No.: 596

Project No.: Ⅱ - 97

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: Traditional Music

Region: Zhejiang Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Daishan County, Zhejiang Province

Protection unit: Daishan County Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center

Introduction to haiyanghaozi (Zhoushan fisherman's Haozi)

Applicant: Daishan County, Zhejiang Province

Haozi is an important type of Chinese folk songs. It comes from physical labor, directly serves for production activities, and truly reflects the working conditions and the mental outlook of producers. At first, it was just a natural call for labor, and then gradually beautified into a singing tune, with the art form of singing.

Ocean chant is one of many chants, mainly spread in coastal areas. It takes marine labor as its main content, usually including rowing, pole supporting, back fiber, canopy pulling, anchor lifting, net pulling and other song styles. The singers are mostly fishermen specialized in fishing and sailing.

Zhoushan fishermen's chant is the general name of Zhoushan archipelago fishermen's chant in Zhejiang Province. The original fishermen's chant came into being in the process of local fishermen's work. After generations of accumulation and inheritance, it formed a complete system of marine folk songs. Zhoushan fishermen's songs are very representative among folk labor songs in Zhejiang and even in coastal areas of China. They are recorded and included in the collection of Chinese folk songs (Zhejiang volume) and selected Chinese fishermen's songs.

According to textual research, Zhoushan fishermen's chants were formed in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and flourished during the two hundred years from the Kangxi Dynasty to the Republic of China. Until the 1960s and 1970s after the founding of new China, Zhoushan fishermen's songs still maintained a prosperous momentum. The development of fishery transportation promoted the spread of fishermen's chants, which extended to the southeast coastal areas and affected the whole East China Sea.

According to the procedure of fishery work, Zhoushan fishermen's number can be divided into more than 20 kinds, such as anchor lifting number, awning number, rowing number and net lifting number. According to the specific characteristics of labor operation, Zhoushan fishermen's number can be divided into hand pulling number, hand shaking number, hand pulling number, measuring number, pulling number, lifting number, beating number, shoulder picking number, lifting number and throwing number It can be divided into two types, large and small, according to the strength required for operation. There is no strict boundary between all kinds of numbers, so they can be used flexibly. Compared with the fishermen's songs in other coastal areas of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan fishermen's songs are relatively complete in variety, rough and beautiful in tune, which embodies the distinctive characteristics of marine culture and has unique research value of marine folk customs. Zhoushan fishermen's chant is one of the important contents of local fishermen's production and life. It has a solid mass foundation and has been handed down among the people for a long time.

At present, due to the replacement of traditional manual fishing by mechanized fishing, the fishermen's songs have lost their original living environment, stagnated in development, and the number of inheritors has decreased sharply. They are in a critical situation and need urgent rescue.

Chinese PinYin : Hai Yang Hao Zi Zhou Shan Yu Min Hao Zi