Stone carving (Jiaxiang stone carving)

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: stone carving (Jiaxiang stone carving)

Applicant: Jiaxiang County, Shandong Province

Project No.: 832

Project No.: Ⅶ - 56

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: traditional art

Region: Shandong Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Jiaxiang County, Shandong Province

Protection unit: Jiaxiang County Cultural Center

Introduction to stone carving (Jiaxiang stone carving)

Applicant: Jiaxiang County, Shandong Province

Stone carving, also known as "stone carving", is a traditional hand carving technique with stone as raw material. China's stone carving art has a long history. It has been carried on for thousands of years and has been handed down to the present day. It shows the exquisite technology, ingenious conception and abundant creativity of traditional folk crafts. Stone carving is usually created on natural stone materials such as marble, granite, bluestone and sandstone. In this process, a series of skilled folk carving techniques such as round carving, relief carving, openwork carving and line carving are used. Because these stone materials are natural and can be preserved for a long time, stone carving techniques are mostly used to make large-scale sculptures and decorative sculptures. According to the use, stone carving products can be divided into three categories: first, building components and decorations, such as platform base, memorial archway, stone lion, etc.; second, god Buddha statues, such as the statues of Yungang Grottoes in Shanxi Province and Longmen Grottoes in Henan Province; third, daily necessities, such as desk ornaments and inkstones, which can be appreciated and used. Traditional stone carving used axes, hammers and chisels as tools. In modern times, some more advanced tools such as glycerine powder and simple machinery were used. With the development of society, the stone carving technology is improving day by day. As a unique commodity, the related products are widely circulated in the market and have unique artistic charm.

Jiaxiang stone carving is a traditional carving art in Jiaxiang area of Shandong Province. Jiaxiang stone carvings have a long history and brilliant achievements, which can be proved by the stone carvings in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Sui stele in the third year of kaihuang, the stone Buddha in the Five Dynasties and the later Tang Dynasty, and the Qianlong stele in the Qing Dynasty. Jiaxiang stone carving techniques are complex, including round carving, relief carving, openwork carving, line carving, flat carving, shadow carving and other carving styles. With celestite produced locally as the main raw material and marble, granite and white marble as auxiliary materials, it is carved into statues, stone unicorns, stone lions, steles, stone tables, stone pagodas, stone pavilions, dragon pillars, large memorial archways and antique utensils. It has a solemn and dignified shape, straight and simple lines, and majestic momentum, showing the classic of northern Chinese stone carving art It's a great style. In the process of thousands of years of inheritance, Jiaxiang has formed some stone carving families represented by Liang, Du and Xu. At present, under the influence of modern civilization, the traditional craft connotation of Jiaxiang stone carving is gradually declining, which leads to the continuous variation of the artistic appearance of stone carving works. If it is not rescued and protected in time, this excellent folk craft with a long history will face the crisis of extinction.

Chinese PinYin : Shi Diao Jia Xiang Shi Diao