a kind of Shanxi opera

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Shangdang Bangzi

Applicant: Jincheng City, Shanxi Province

Item No.: 165

Project No.: Ⅳ - 21

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: Traditional Drama

Region: Shanxi Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Jincheng City, Shanxi Province

Protection unit: Jincheng Shangdang drama Research Institute

Shangdang Bangzi

Applicant: Jincheng City, Shanxi Province

Shangdang Bangzi is one of the four big Bangzi in Shanxi Province, popular in the southeast of Shanxi Province. It was called local opera in Daoguang period, Shangdang GongDiao when it was performed in Taiyuan in 1934, and Shangdang Bangzi in 1954. Shangdang Bangzi mainly sings Bangzi opera, and also sings Kunqu Opera, pihuang opera, Luoluo opera and Juan opera, commonly known as "kunbang Luojuan Huang". It was popular in the middle and late Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty. During the Jiaqing and Daoguang periods, there were numerous troupes, famous actors, dramas and schools, and it entered a period of vigorous development.

According to statistics, there are more than 700 traditional operas of Shangdang Bangzi, including nearly 600 Bangzi operas, more than 90 pihuang operas, more than 10 Kunqu operas, luoluoqiang operas and Juxi operas. The representative operas are Sanguan paiyan, tianbolou, Yanmenguan, chuangyuzhou, dongjialing, qiaoyuanan, duoqiukui, Ganquan palace, dongmenhui, etc《 Some of them are unique to Shangdang Bangzi. During the Xianfeng Period of the Qing Dynasty and before the Anti Japanese War, Shangdang Bangzi entered its heyday. There were more than 200 banshe, forming two distinctive art schools of "Zhoufu school" and "Lufu school", and many famous artists such as Zhao Qinghai, Lang Buxiang and Shen Huilu emerged. Shangdang Bangzi's singing Qupai style and banqiang style have both, but banqiang style is the main style. Its banqiang style is divided into Daban, Zhongsi, liusi, Daban, Duoban, Sanban, gunqiang, etc. When singing, men and women are in the same tune, and men use falsetto. The main accompaniment instruments are Juqin, Erba and Huhu.

Shangdang Bangzi mainly has four kinds of roles: Sheng, Dan, Jing and Chou. The basic performance program of each trade is called "Sanba". When it is used, the actors hold their chests high, steady and powerful. Its performance style is thick line, big outline, straight out straight in, concise and bright. Later, in the process of development, it was gradually influenced by Beijing Opera and changed. The stage installation of Shangdang Bangzi is particular about "setting up a great dynasty", and the facial pattern is also very unique. Dan Jiao also has a kind of make-up called "broken face", which has the style of Yuan zaju. That is to use white powder to draw a stroke on the right eyelid of the misbehaved person in the play, or draw a small orchid or Chrysanthemum on the right cheekbone of the character.

Shangdang Bangzi contains a variety of tunes, from which we can investigate the historical evolution of opera tunes. At present, due to the impact of modern culture and economic tide, the audience of Shangdang Bangzi has lost a lot, the performance level has gradually declined, many troupes have been forced to disband, the future of the troupes is worrying, and it is urgent to take measures to support and protect them.

Chinese PinYin : Shang Dang Bang Zi