Hangyu Express(hang yu kuai di )

Air express

This data is reviewed by the project of data compilation and application of Science Encyclopedia of science popularization in China.

Air express refers to the door-to-door express service that air express enterprises use air transportation to collect the recipient's express and deliver it to the designated place or recipient according to the time promised to the sender, master all the information of the transportation process and provide instant information to relevant personnel for inquiry.

Operation process

1. Express delivery enterprises collect air express from each point and operate to the general operation center of express delivery enterprises at the specified time. 2. The general operation center shall inspect the goods separately, and determine the total amount of goods delivered at the corresponding airport and the number of packages. 3. The express enterprise shall book the cabin with the air agent and deliver the air cargo to the air agent. 4. After receiving the booking information from the express delivery company, the airline agent should book the space from the airline company according to the requirements of the express delivery company. 5. After the airline approves the cabin, the airline agent shall submit the airport master order 3 hours before the corresponding flight takes off, and complete the security check 2 hours before the corresponding flight takes off. 6. The airline agent will send the corresponding airport information to the express delivery enterprise, such as to Beijing / Shanghai / etc. 7. The express delivery enterprise will pick up the goods 2 to 3 hours after the landing of the aircraft, and then deliver them to each delivery point for delivery

Air express contraband

The article that threatens the safety of air flight refers to the article or substance that may obviously endanger personal health and safety or cause damage to property in air transportation.
There are mainly the following types of cross speed transport arrangement:

Article 1

: Explosives: such as fireworks, detonating fuse, etc;

Article 2

: gas: such as compressed gas, dry ice, fire extinguisher, gas accumulator, inflatable sphere, life saver, airbag of explosive vehicle, aerosol, gas lighter, gas cylinder, light bulb, etc

Article 3

Flammable liquids such as paint, gasoline, alcohol, oil, camphor oil, engine starter, turpentine, tin water, glue, perfume, spray insecticide, air freshener, etc.

Article 4

Flammable solids: spontaneous combustion substances, substances that release flammable gases in contact with water, such as activated carbon, titanium powder, dried coconut, castor products, rubber crumbs, safety matches (box or piece), dry white phosphorus, dry yellow phosphorus, magnesium powder, solid rubber, etc;

Article 5

: toxic and radioactive materials: such as pesticides, lithium batteries (please refer to the e-mail "notice on whether lithium batteries are classified as aviation prohibited articles" for the receiving and sending standards of lithium batteries), etc;

Article 6

: corrosive products: such as batteries, alkaline battery liquid, etc;

Article 7

: magnetic objects, magnets, magnetic steel and other products with strong magnetism without degaussing protection package. Such as banknote detector, speaker, magnet and other magnetic objects;

Article 8

: obstructing public health, such as corpse bones (including burned corpse bones), animal skins without nitrate, animal bones without medicine, etc;

Article 9

: oxidants, organic peroxides, radioactive substances, corrosive articles. Such as: chemicals, chemical laboratory supplies (potassium permanganate, sulfuric acid, etc.);

Article 10

: powder (no matter what color), liquid (no matter what kind of package), paste (such as toothpaste), goods with danger mark on the outer package; all kinds of biochemical products and infectious goods. Such as dangerous bacteria, medical waste, etc

contrast

Air express has many similarities with the traditional air cargo business and the postal delivery business in many aspects, but as a special business, it has its own characteristics, mainly in the following aspects:

Different receiving range

The receiving range of air express mainly includes documents and parcels. Among them, documents mainly refer to commercial documents and all kinds of printed matter. For packages, the gross weight is generally required to be no more than 32 kg (including 32 kg), or the one side of the outer package should be no more than 102 cm, and the three sides should be no more than 175 cm. With the more fierce competition in the air transport industry, express companies tend to relax the requirements of package size in order to attract more customers. The traditional air cargo business is mainly trade goods, which stipulates that the volume of each cargo shall not be less than 5 * 10 * 20 cm. The main business object of postal business is private letters, which require that the weight of each parcel should not exceed 20kg and the length should not exceed 1m.

Different operators

Most of the international air express companies are multinational companies, which have established a global network in the form of sole proprietorship or joint venture. The transmission of air express is basically completed within multinational companies. The international postal service cooperates with the postal agencies of most countries in the world in the form of the Universal Postal Union, and the mail is transmitted through the cooperation of the postal authorities of more than two countries. International air cargo transportation is mainly in the form of centralized consignment, or directly entrusted by the consignor to the air freight agent. After the goods arrive at the destination, they are transferred to the consignee through the related person of the air freight agent at the consignor. In addition to the airlines involved in the business, but also rely on the assistance of air freight forwarders.

Internal organization

The traditional operation theory of postal transportation is relay transmission. Most of the air express companies use the central distribution theory or turntable distribution theory to organize the global network. In short, express companies set up hub in the central area according to the actual situation of their business. The Express items collected from different places will be distributed according to the regions to which they go and loaded on the plane. That night, local planes flew to the distribution center, exchanged express mails and flew back. In the early morning of the next day, the express will be delivered to the recipient's desk by the local branches. This method seems unreasonable, but because the central distribution theory reduces the intermediate links, the flow direction of express is simple and clear, reduces errors, improves operation efficiency and shortens the delivery time, which has been proved to be economical and effective.

The use of documents is different

Air freight uses air waybill, and postal uses Parcel List. Air express industry also has its own unique transport document - proof of delivery (POD). Certificate of delivery in quadruplicate. The first copy is left at the place of origin and used for export declaration; the second copy is attached to the surface of the goods and accompanied by the goods, and the addressee can sign here to indicate the receipt of the goods (the delivery certificate is named after it), but usually the addressee of the express will sign on the delivery record provided by the express company and keep this copy; the third copy is used as the basis for the internal settlement of the express company; the fourth copy is used as the basis for the delivery The certificate shall be kept at the sender's place, and the copy shall be printed with the terms on the back. Once there is a dispute, it can be used as the basis for determining the rights and interests of the parties and resolving the dispute.

Higher service quality

Mainly reflected in: (1) faster speed. Air express emphasizes fast service since its birth, and speed is also known as the foundation of the whole industry. Generally, intercontinental express delivery is completed within 1-5 days; within the region, it is only 1-3 days. This kind of transmission speed is difficult to achieve in both traditional air freight industry and postal transportation. (2) more safe and reliable. Because in the form of air express, the express delivery is completed in the same company from beginning to end, the operating procedures of each branch company are the same, the service standards are basically the same, and the internal information exchange of the same company is more convenient, the protection of customers' high value and easily damaged goods will be more appropriate, so the safety and reliability of transportation is also better. On the contrary, postal transportation and air cargo transportation are more likely to be damaged and poor because they involve more than one operator and the service level of all parties is uneven. (3) more convenient. To be exact, air express is not only involved in air transport, but also a form of transport. It is more like land air combined transport. By extending the service from the airport to customers' warehouses and desks, air express truly realizes door-to-door service and facilitates customers. In addition, air express companies clear general packages on their behalf, and take the lead in adopting EDI (electronic data exchange) customs declaration system for the continuous development of electronic network technology, providing customers with more convenient online services. The unique global computer tracking and query system of express companies also brings great convenience to customers with special needs. Of course, air express also has its own limitations. For example, the scope of express service is not as wide as postal transportation. International postal transportation integrates the strength of all countries. It can be said that the places where there are people have the footprints of postal transportation, but air express is relying on the strength of a multinational company, so the transportation network of each express company can only include those areas with developed commerce and more foreign exchanges.

characteristic

Fast delivery

Since the birth of the aviation industry, air logistics transportation is known for its fast speed. So far, aircraft is still the fastest means of transportation. The economic cruising speed of common jet aircraft is about 850-900 km / h. Fast means of transportation greatly shorten the time of goods in transit, for those perishable, deteriorating fresh goods; timeliness, seasonal strong newspapers, seasonal goods; emergency, emergency goods transportation, this feature is particularly prominent. It can be said that only with the rapid development and the global intensive air transportation network can we open up a long-distance market for the fresh goods that we were eager for but could not reach, so that consumers can enjoy more benefits. the fast transportation speed and short time on the way also reduce the risk of goods on the way, so many valuables and precision instruments are often transported by air. Nowadays, with the fierce competition in the international market, the rapid service provided by air transportation also enables suppliers to respond to the rapidly changing market situation in foreign markets and quickly launch suitable products

Chinese PinYin : Hang Yu Kuai Di