Chengkan Town, Huizhou District, Huangshan City, Anhui Province

Chengkan town

Chengkan, also known as Longxi and Bagua village. It is a town under the jurisdiction of Huizhou District, Huangshan City, Anhui Province. It is a national AAAAA tourist attraction, the first village in Jiangnan, the hometown of Chinese ancient architecture, and the best tourist town in Anhui Province. It is located at the southern foot of Huangshan Mountain, adjacent to Shexian County in the East, Qiankou town in the south, xixinan town and qiashe Township in the west, and Fuxi Township in the north.

Chengkan is located in accordance with the eight trigrams geomantic omen theory of the book of changes, Yin (Kan), Yang (Cheng), the unity of two Qi, and the unity of heaven and man. It is close to mountains and rivers, forming three streets and ninety-nine lanes like a labyrinth. It is the most complete ancient village of Ming Dynasty in China. There are more than 150 historical buildings in the village, including 49 national key cultural relics protection units.

Chengkan is located in the green mountains and green bamboo, integrating natural landscape and cultural landscape. Chengkan is famous for its outstanding people, rich cultural heritage, and rich historical and cultural deposits. There are more than 30 plaques inscribed by celebrities such as Dong Qichang and Lin Zexu. Since the Song Dynasty, the rise of Huizhou merchants and the prosperity of culture and education in Chengkan have made it unique in the development of Huizhou culture and history.

Liu Haisu, a master of traditional Chinese painting, once said, "when you climb Mount Huangshan, you have to go to Chengkan." Huizhou houses are the best in the world, Chengkan houses are the best in Huizhou. You Chengkan, you are lucky all your life.

Historical evolution

Chengkan, named "Longxi" in ancient times, was built at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty and has a history of more than 1800 years. Before 1987, she belonged to she County, Anhui Province. In 1987, the prefecture level Huangshan City was established and Chengkan was assigned to Huizhou District of Huangshan City. In May 1996, it was named as "Anhui historical and cultural reserve" by the people's Government of Anhui Province. in 2002, the township was set up. in 2014, Chengkan ancient town was rated as national AAAAA scenic spot.
　　

administrative division

As of September 2015, Chengkan town has jurisdiction over seven administrative villages, namely Chengkan Village, Wang Village, Yanggan village, Lingshan village, Rongxi village, Si Village and Shichuan village.

geographical environment

Location context

Chengkan town is located in the southern foot of Huangshan scenic spot, a world natural and cultural heritage, and is the junction of fan and mountain in Huizhou District. Chengkan is located in the green mountains and green bamboo, integrating natural landscape and cultural landscape.

topographic features

Chengkan terrain belongs to Huangshan Mountains, with an average altitude of 350 meters and a regional area of 82.71 square kilometers. Zhongchuan river is the main river in the territory, running through the north and south, with a length of 19 kilometers and a drainage area of 45.58 square kilometers, belonging to the third level tributary of Xin'an River. Fengle reservoir plays a comprehensive role in irrigation, flood control, power generation and freshwater aquaculture.

Climatic characteristics

Chengkan has a subtropical monsoon humid climate with four distinct seasons and moderate rainfall. The annual maximum temperature is 40 ℃, the annual minimum temperature is - 10 ℃, the annual average temperature is 16 ℃, and the annual average rainfall is 1450 mm. It has concentrated summer rain, more drought in autumn and less rain in winter. the temperature is lower in summer, higher in winter, shorter in sunshine and longer in crop growth period. The frost free period of Chengkan is 240 days.

resources

land

The area has 8248 public leanings of land resources, including 5738 public leanings of forest land, accounting for 69.5%, 62% of forest coverage; 738 public leanings of cultivated land, accounting for 9.5%; 1021 public leanings of garden land, accounting for 12.4%; 1010 public leanings of tea garden, accounting for 99% of garden area; 124 public leanings of residential land and industrial and mining land; 48 public leanings of traffic land; 257 public leanings of water use land. Most of the soils in Sichuan are red soil alluvial soil, and most of the soils in mountainous areas are red soil and yellow red soil.

Biology

Suitable for forest, bamboo, tea, Torreya grandis, fruit trees, traditional Chinese medicine and other economic crops.

economic development

The eleventh five year plan is a five-year plan with rapid development of town economy and significant enhancement of comprehensive strength. The fiscal revenue increased from 3.08 million yuan to 22 million yuan at the end of the tenth five year plan, with an average annual growth of 48.2%; the total investment funds reached 600 million yuan; the total output value of Industrial Enterprises above Designated Size reached 180 million yuan; the total investment in fixed assets of the whole society reached 1.115 billion yuan in five years, with an average annual growth of 32.9%; the total income of rural economy of the town increased from 95.04 million yuan to 237 million yuan, with an average annual growth of 20%; the number of farmers increased by 20% The average net income increased from 3514 yuan to 6540 yuan, with an average annual growth of 13.2%; the comprehensive tourism income increased from 20 million yuan to 65 million yuan, with an average annual growth of 26.6%. In 2011, the total rural economic income of the town increased from 120 million yuan in 2006 to 300 million yuan, with an average annual growth of 20%; the fiscal revenue increased from 4.7 million yuan to 44.08 million yuan, with an average annual growth of 56.5%; The total investment reached 1.15 billion yuan; the investment in fixed assets reached 1.31 billion yuan; the total output value of Industrial Enterprises above Designated Size reached 400 million yuan; the per capita net income of farmers increased from 3514 yuan to 8300 yuan, with an average annual growth of 18.8%; the comprehensive income of tourism increased from 25 million yuan to 100 million yuan, with an average annual growth of 32%; the proportion of three industries was optimized and adjusted from 53.5:25.3:21.2 to 21.5:42:36.5. in 2015, the fiscal revenue of the whole town reached 79.892 million yuan, with an average annual growth of 29.4%; the gross output value of industries above Designated Size reached 420 million yuan, with an average annual growth of 26.7%; the total retail sales of consumer goods above Designated Size reached 27.46 million yuan, with an average annual growth of 34.4%; the per capita disposable income of rural residents reached 12325 yuan, with an average annual growth of 13.5%; the number of tourists received reached 917000, with an average annual growth of 18.0%; the accumulated comprehensive tourism income was realized 152 million yuan, an average annual growth of 18.8%; the total investment in fixed assets of the whole society has reached 1.7 billion yuan; the total import and export volume has reached 22 million US dollars. In 2012 and 2014, Chengkan town was listed as "national development and reform pilot town" and "national key town". In 2016, the general budget revenue was 92 million yuan, accounting for 100.2% of the annual task, with a year-on-year increase of 15.2%; the total investment in fixed assets was 376 million yuan, accounting for 104.4% of the annual task, with a year-on-year increase of 34.4%; the total output value of industrial enterprises above designated size was 355 million yuan, accounting for 78.9% of the annual task, with a year-on-year decrease of 16.1%; the total retail sales of social consumer goods was 31 million yuan, with a year-on-year decrease of 16.1% The total volume of foreign trade import and export reached US $2.53 million, with a year-on-year growth of 12.4%. in 2017, the general budget revenue was 99.908 million yuan, accounting for 107.7% of the annual task, with a year-on-year growth of 7.4%; the total investment in fixed assets was 380 million yuan, accounting for 100% of the annual task, with a year-on-year growth of 0.2%; the total output value of industrial enterprises above designated size was 490 million yuan, accounting for 194% of the annual task, with a year-on-year growth of 25.2%; the total retail sales of social consumer goods was 37.518 million yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 25.2% 7%, a year-on-year increase of 17.7%; the total import and export volume of foreign trade reached US $2.85 million, accounting for 103.6% of the annual task, a year-on-year increase of 19.5%; the per capita disposable income of rural residents exceeded 14000 yuan.

Culture

History and culture

Chengkan town is famous for its outstanding people, rich culture and rich historical and cultural deposits. It still has more than 30 plaques inscribed by celebrities of all ages, such as Dong Qichang and Lin Zexu. In May 1995, Chengkan Village was approved by Anhui Provincial People's government as a provincial historical and cultural reserve. It has been listed in the recommended catalogue of the fifth batch of national historical and cultural reserves. Since the Song Dynasty, the rise of Huizhou merchants in Chengkan, with the combination of Jia and Confucianism, and the connection between Confucianism and politics, and the prosperity of cultural and educational undertakings, has created a school of its own and led the way in the development of Huizhou culture and history. Just as Zhu Xi said in the preface of Luo's genealogy, "it is the first time for she literature that Jinshi develops his family and inherits his family.". one side of soil and water nourishes one side of people, which is characterized by elegant, talented, prosperous and enduring. Chengkan is built by mountains and rivers, facing east in the west, with mountains on its back. The terrain is high and cool. The site selection completely conforms to the ancient geomantic theory of "pillow mountain, ring water and face screen"; the two water channels lead Zhongchuan river through streets and alleys, playing the functions of fire control, drainage, flood discharge and irrigation. The Zhongchuan river passes around the village, so there are many bridges in Chengkan Village. Among them, the famous ones are Huanxiu bridge built in Yuan Dynasty and Longxing bridge built in Ming Dynasty, which has the largest span of single span in Jiangnan. At the crossroads and T-shaped crossroads, there are three watchtowers in Ming Dynasty, which are used for guarding against theft and lighting in festivals. Due to careful site selection, reasonable layout, careful design and construction, the ancient village and the natural environment are harmonious and unified, and the mountain based, water-based landscape and pastoral features are remarkable. Since the Song Dynasty, the rise of Huizhou merchants and the prosperity of culture and education in Chengkan have made it unique in the development of Huizhou culture and history.

Huizhou culture

The ancient villages in the south of Anhui Province are created by Huizhou culture and merchants with typical local cultural characteristics. From the end of the 15th century to the middle of the 18th century, Huishang group, which had been dominant in business for nearly 300 years, was the most important and direct factor for the development and prosperity of ancient villages in southern Anhui. They were the main investors in village construction. Hui culture, with Cheng Zhu Neo Confucianism as its spiritual core, has direct guidance and influence on the site selection, layout, construction and decoration of villages. The ancient villages in southern Anhui have the following common characteristics: (1) to guide the location and layout of villages with the theory of geomantic omen, to pillow the mountains and face the flowing water, and pay special attention to the flexible use of water, which is in line with the basic conditions of village construction, and pay more attention to the needs of the village environment; (2) the same family with the same family name and blood relationship as the link

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