Zhu men stinks of wine and meat, and the road is frozen to death(zhū mén jiǔ ròu chòu，lù yǒu dòng sǐ gǔ)

Zhu men stinks of wine and meat, and the road is frozen to death

From Du Fu's "from Beijing to Fengxian County chanting five hundred words", it means that the wine and meat in the aristocratic's house are smelly after eating, but the poor people die of cold and hunger in the street.

The original poem

When I went to Fengxian County from Beijing to chant five hundred words, Du Fu and Du Ling had cloth clothes. What a fool! Steal Biji and contract. The white head is sweet and broad. ö. When he was poor, he worried about Li Yuan and sighed about the heat in his intestines. make fun of your classmates, HAOGE is fierce. He was born to meet Emperor Yao and Shun, but he could not bear to die forever. Today's langmiao temple is full of furniture. Is there a lack of architecture? KUIHAO is inclined to the sun, and its physical properties are hard to capture. He only cares about the mole and ant generation, but he asks for his own cave; Hu is a big whale, and he often imitates the Bohai Sea? I'm afraid I'm only ashamed of doing business. So far, I can't bear the dust? finally, he was ashamed of the nest and the cause, and failed to change the knot. drink deeply, talk freely, and sing freely. at the end of the year, there are no grasses, and the wind blows high and the hills crack. The sky is overcast, and the guest is at night. the frost is severe, the belt is broken, and the fingers are straight. I passed Lishan in the early morning and stayed on my couch. Chiyou is a place where the cold sky is blocked and the cliff and valley are slippery. Yao Chi Qi Yu law, Yu Lin phase Mo Jia. The emperor and his officials stay happy, and they are happy to move Yin Jiaoge. The long tassels in the bath are not short brown with the banquet. The silk of Tong Ting was originally from Han nu. He lashed his husband's family and gathered tribute to the city. The sage's benevolence is to live in the country. My minister is so reasonable that I don't want to abandon it? the court is full of scholars, and the benevolent should shudder! Kuang wennei's gold plate is in Wei Huo's room. dancing immortals in the middle hall, smoky and jade. Warm the mink and mouse fur of the guest, and clear the harp with grief. Advise guests to eat camel's hoof soup, and press the frost orange into the fragrant orange. Zhu men stinks of wine and meat, and there are frozen bones on the road. It's hard to recount melancholy. Weihe River was separated from Beiyuan River, and Guandu river changed its course. the water flows down from the west, and the polar eyes are high. I doubt it's from Kongtong. I'm afraid I'll touch the pillar of heaven. Fortunately, the river beam is not cracked, and the sound of the branches is abundant. Sichuan and Guangzhou are not to be crossed. the old wife is from a different county, and ten of them are separated by wind and snow. Who can ignore it for a long time? The common people are hungry and thirsty. Wailing at the beginning of the gate, the young son has died of hunger! I'd rather give up my grief, and I'll sob in the lane. I am ashamed to be a father, but I die young without food. I don't know that there is a rush in poverty. A student should be tax-free, and his name should not be subject to taxation. touching the trace is still sour and pungent, and calming the person is firm and coquettish. Meditate on the unemployed and guard the dead. Worry about the end of Qi Zhongnan, Hongdong can not be done.

notes

[qikuo]: industrious [Huo]: "Doudou is the pod, and its leaf is the Huo" in Guangya Shicao [Chiyou]: tribal chief in ancient times, fighting with the Yellow Emperor, prospering the fog [Yulin]: Yulin army, the guards defending the palace ban [Changying]: dignitary [immortal]: the name of Geisha in Tang Dynasty [pingren]: common people, to avoid Taizong's taboo [stink]: (XI) here refers to wine and meat In the fifth year of Tianbao (746), Du Fu came to Chang'an with the lofty ideal of "to the Emperor Yao and Shun, and then to make the customs pure" and longed to "build up the road and Tianjin". However, things went against their wishes and suffered many setbacks. Even life was difficult to maintain. "In the morning, I knocked at the door of the rich son, in the evening, I followed the dust of the fat horse, and in the evening, I was filled with sorrow and sorrow everywhere." Through personal experience and extensive contact with the sufferings of the lower class people, we have an insight into the social contradiction of "Zhu's family affairs are plundered, and the red people suffer repeatedly", and poetry creation has made an unprecedented leap. In November of the 14th year of Tianbao (755), he went to Fengxian County to visit his wife and write this epoch-making masterpiece.

Analysis of poetry and prose

The whole poem can be divided into three parts. From the beginning to "singing to break the sorrow", the word "Jing" in the title is closely related. Before "Yong" went to Fengxian County, the Zhuang "Huai" of "xushenjiqi" and "Zhijun Yaoshun" for many years. From "a hundred grasses at the end of the year" to "melancholy is hard to recount", this paper narrates the experience of "going to Fengxian County" and "chants" the feelings "in the journey. From "Beiyuan to Weihe" to the end, I write about my feelings after I got home, and "CHANT" my worries about the future of the country and the fate of the people. "Stealing and comparing Ji and Qi" and "worrying about Li Yuan in poor years" are the main lines throughout the whole article, which are also Du Fu's leading ideas. Mencius praised Dayu for flood control and Houji for "teaching the people to farm." Yu thought that there were drowning people in the world, just as he drowned himself; Ji thought that there were starving people in the world, just as he was starving himself Du Fu fully accepted this lofty thought. In essence, it is self comparison between Yu and Ji. The reason why Yu was replaced by Qi was for rhyme. "Xushen" Yu, Ji, is to save the starvation and drowning as their own responsibility, so that the world can be ruled; and take a broad view, the world's "Liyuan" (common people) is in starvation and drowning, naturally to "worry about Liyuan in poor years, sigh heartburn". The title of "yonghuai from Beijing to Fengxian County" has the nature of "record of travel", but mainly "yonghuai". The author starts with "yonghuai" and expresses many ambitions of Jiqi and Jun Zemin. He even "teases" at the time and has the same passion of "worrying about Li Yuan in poor years and sighing for the fever in the intestines". His mind of loving the motherland and the people is on the paper. It is because of "poor years worry about Li Yuan", so even though "making fun of" the time, Jiqi's ambition is still unremitting, which naturally connects the personal misfortune, the suffering of the people with the decadence of the rulers and the crisis of the Tang Dynasty. The specific content of "yonghuai" determines the specific content of "Jixing", and the content of "Jixing" expands and deepens the content of "yonghuai". There are two key points in the "record of a journey". One is to write about the extravagant and licentious life of the emperor of the Tang Dynasty and his powerful officials, noble relatives and beloved concubines in China. The other is to write about the tragic situation that his young son had been starved to death after he got home. The scene of Huaqing Palace can not be seen by passers-by outside the palace, so its narration and description are all based on artistic imagination and typical generalization. If this kind of large paragraph of writing, which is based on artistic imagination and typical generalization, is handled improperly, it will inevitably dissociate from the "record of travel" and become a waste of the whole article. The author's brilliance lies in that he not only reflects the profound social contradictions through artistic imagination and typical generalization, but also comes down in one continuous line with the previous "yonghuai", which constitutes the main content of the "journey". In the previous paragraph, he has mentioned "today's" Emperor Yao and Shun "and" Lang Temple furniture ". The reason why the situation of "Li Yuan" made him "worry" and "sigh" was related to "Yao Shun Jun" and "Lang Miao Ju"; the reason why his Ji Qi ambition to save "Li Yuan" could not be realized was also related to "Yao Shun Jun" and "Lang Miao Ju". Therefore, when he "passed Lishan in the early morning", he saw "frozen bones on the road", saw "yulinxiangmojia" and heard "Yuedong Yingu". Many rumors about "Emperor Yao and Shun" and "langmiaoyu" seeking pleasure in Huaqing Palace were immediately connected with his experience of folk suffering in the ideological sparks of "bijiqi" and the emotional heat of "worrying about Liyuan", All kinds of pictures emerge in my mind and pour into the pen, forming this immortal text. It not only has a higher generality, but also does not leave the main line of "travel". the section of Huaqing Palace is characterized by associating what you see with what you hear; the section of Fengxian County is characterized by describing the scene in front of you. "Old wife sent to a different county, ten days after snow. Who can ignore it for a long time? The twenty characters are pathetic and moving. The sad thing is that "at the beginning of the school, I'm crying, and my young son has died of hunger". It's impossible to go hungry and cold with this poor child. "Wailing in the lane" not only shows sympathy for the neighbors, but also shows that they have similar experiences. The "poor basket" refers not only to itself, but also to the "sobbing" neighbors and the poor people all over the world. The reason why the poor still starve to death is given in the second paragraph. At the end of the eight sentences, we should consider ourselves and others, from near to far: "the author of" living without taxes, not under the charge of expedition "can not help but have the" bitterness "of starving children. So we can imagine the situation of the common people who bear taxes and military service. In structure, it echoes with the second section of "gathering tribute city Que" and "frozen bones on the road". The vast majority of the people are hungry and cold, and some of them have already died of freezing and starvation. However, the "Emperor Yao and Shun" and his "Lang Temple furniture" are living a decadent life in Huaqing Palace, sparing no effort to spend the people's blood and sweat. The poet deeply felt that the Tang Dynasty was in danger, but he only wanted to know what to do, so he ended the whole chapter with "worrying about the end of the whole country, but not the end of the cave". When the author arrived at Fengxian, an Lushan was launching a rebellion in Fanyang, which proved his political sensitivity.

Work evaluation

This masterpiece is written in the traditional five character style. Wugu is a mature style of poetry popular since the Han and Wei dynasties. As far as yonghuai is concerned, Du Fu already had some famous poems before, such as Ruan Ji's yonghuai, Zuo Si's Yongshi, Yu Xin's yonghuai, Chen Zi'ang's feeling, Zhang Jiuling's feeling, etc. Du Fu, who has been "benefiting many teachers", has certainly absorbed rich nutrition from the creation of five character ancient poetry since Han and Wei dynasties. But comparing the five hundred words from Beijing to Fengxian County and comparing with all the five ancient poems of the forefathers, we immediately found that the system has opened up a new world in many aspects, such as the magnificent system, the extraordinary changes in the rules, the profound reflection of reality and the thrilling force of artistic strength. Just as Yang Lun said in Du Shi Jing Quan, "in the five ancient times, most of the predecessors were superior to each other in quality and purity, while the Shaoling mausoleum came out in depression and frustration. Every major chapter opened up a new path in the way of poetry."

pronunciation

It is not difficult to find that the word "stink" has two pronunciations and two meanings, so the poem has two pronunciations and two annotations. The first kind: read as "Zhu men wine stinks (CH ò U), there are frozen bones on the road.". Zheng Zhu's Dictionary of ancient Chinese Literature (edited by Jia Chuantang et al., the first edition of Wenxin publishing house, November 1987) was annotated as: Gui

Chinese PinYin : zhū mén jiǔ ròu chòu，lù yǒu dòng sǐ gǔ