confucius(zhì shèng xiān shī)

confucius

It is a Chinese word with the pronunciation of zh ì sh è ngxi ā NSH ī, which used to refer to Confucius.

explain

Holy: the most noble meaning of morality. The posthumous title of Confucius in old times. Ming Shizong Jiajing nine years (1530) set.

source

"The book of rites, the doctrine of the mean:" only the world's most holy, in order to be intelligent, enough to have temporary also where learning is concerned, chunguanshi was founded by his forefathers, as well as Qiudong. Every scholar who starts to set up a school must lay his foundation on the sages and teachers, and act with money. All those who explain and lay a foundation will have harmony. the supreme sage refers to one is to deify the emperor and sage, endow them with a mysterious color, and set off such an effect as being tall, sacred, blurred, vague and close to the imagination, so as to achieve the purpose of awe of the subjects. In the divination, ancient emperors such as Fuxi, Shennong, and even Confucius were deliberately depicted as different from ordinary people. Take Confucius as an example, it is said in the book of filial piety: Zhongni, Haikou, niulip, Qizhong tongue, Huzhang, Guiji, Fuhou and pianchi. "The painting of Confucius performing Confucius in the spring and Autumn Period" also says: "the head of Confucius is like Niqiu mountain, ten feet long and nine encircles big." the chest has a text, and the sun makes the world setting Fu Yunxian (the painting of Confucius performing Confucius in the spring and Autumn Period). He was born in accordance with heaven, conveying heaven's will and legislating for the Han Dynasty, "sages are not born empty, they must have a system to show heaven's heart. Qiu was Mu duo, who made the law of the world. "Yuan Qiu made the order, and Emperor Mao also made the diagnosis (same as above). Confucian classics are also deified into the divine talisman atlas awarded by heaven, such as the so-called "spring and Autumn Annals" and "yankongtu" by heaven, "Qiu Lanshi records, citing ancient pictures, pushing Tianbian, ruling by the emperor of Han Dynasty, Chen xutulu" (ditto), and so on. Confucius' thought is closely related to the spirit of heaven. For example, he said, "if you are good at learning, you will know who I am, and you will be good at learning." (the Analects of Confucius prophecy) these classics also contain the essence of Yao, through the gods, to convey the meaning of heaven and earth. Such as: "the Yi, the festival of Qi, contains five Jing Xiao; nose Shangshu Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the timing of the event In the book of the spring and Autumn Annals, there are two parts. Poetry is the heart of heaven and earth, and Li is the body of the earth. And so on. The filial piety, including the book of filial piety, is to expound the feudal cardinal principles and its ruling order; the eternal conversion of "the respect of the monarch and the father", such as: "the six classics, so the respect of the monarch and the father, the opening up of heaven and earth, all have their own teachings. Those who choose the book of filial piety show respect for your father, seek for humanity, and open up heaven and earth with filial piety. " (preface to Chunqiu Wei · Shuo) emphasizes the dignity and spirit of the emperor, such as: "the emperor is supreme. The spirit is connected with heaven and earth, and the blood contains the essence of heaven and earth. " (Chun Qiu Wei Bao Qian Tu) deify Confucius and Confucian classics, and deify the feudal code and its political representative, the emperor. All this deification is to anesthetize and poison the people, to make them obedient to the feudal rule represented by the emperor of the Han Dynasty. This is a reactionary trend of thought to maintain the crumbling Wenjia Dynasty. When the emperor came into being, there must be a divine skirt, such as: "the emperor is the quintessence of the five emperors, and each has its own preface. According to the second emperor, there must be a divine Rune from the beginning. With the help of the gods, the order will be established." Zi nature is closely related to the spirits of heaven, and Confucian classics related to Confucius have also been deified into the seal of heaven. Chunqiu (spring and Autumn Annals) refers to "quoting ancient pictures and pushing Tianbian" (Chunqiu Wei · Yankong annals), Yi (Yi) refers to "the festival of Qi, containing five spirits", Shangshu (Shangshu) refers to "the time of Ming Dynasty giving orders" and "expressing the feelings of heaven and earth" (Chunqiu Wei · Shuo epigraph), and Shi (SHI) refers to "Tianbian" "The heart of the earth" ("Shiwei · hanshenwu"); "Li" is "the body of the earth tomorrow" ("Chunqiu Wei · Yankong Tu"); "Xiaojing" is "the respect of the emperor and father", "the opening up of heaven and earth" ("Chunqiu Wei · Shuo epigraph"). as the son of heaven, the emperor has his own dignity and spirit, "the son of heaven, the supreme.". "The son of heaven, the nobility.". Why is it called "the son of heaven"? Because "the son of heaven" is the son of heaven, and it is the supreme name in the world. Its function lies in "the sun and the moon are the same brightness, the four seasons are the same faith, the father's heaven and mother's earth, the elder brother's day and the elder sister's month" ("spring and autumn latitude · Ganjing Fu"). Therefore, the son of heaven is able to take the heaven as the father, the earth as the mother, the sun as the elder brother and the moon as the elder sister. Therefore, he shares the same light with the sun and the moon, and the inevitable result is "he believes with the four seasons". The "Five Classics" are determined by Confucius, and the relationship between deifying Confucius and deifying the "Five Classics" is interactive. The deification of Confucius began as early as when Confucius was alive. after the death of Confucius, one generation after another, the disciples deified the sage step by step. It's not enough to respect sage only. Sage should be the king. Confucius' later learning constantly created the public opinion and theory that Confucius should be the king. The worship of Confucius by Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty and the exclusive respect of Confucianism by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, as well as the continuous respect of Confucius by later emperors, such as offering sacrifices, adding titles, and after Confucius, provided a political environment for the deification of Confucius. It is a new invention of the Confucianists in Han Dynasty to put Confucius into the ranks of "King" and call him "plain king". In Confucian Weishu, Confucius and his disciples seem to have established a small court. "Zhong Ni was the king of Su, and Yan Yuan was the situ." "Zuo Qiuming is a prime minister." According to the Analects of Confucius, the system of spring and Autumn Annals was established because of the death of Lin in Zhou Dynasty. It was granted by King Su and should be prosperous (Chunqiu Wei) the three emperors and five emperors, and the three holy kings of the three dynasties were all born with a sense of heaven. Confucius said that "Yao and Shun were ancestors, and the Charter was civil and military. He ruled heaven and earth, followed soil and water. He was like heaven and earth. He carried them all, overturned them all. He was like the wrong deeds of the four seasons. He was like the generation of the sun and the moon. All things were raised together without harming each other, and the way was parallel without contradicting each other" (the doctrine of the mean). This "King Su", who is more accomplished than Yao, Shun and Wen Wu, was also born by feeling the spirit of heaven: "Shu Liang he and Zheng are praying to nichu mountain, feeling the essence of black dragon, so as to give birth to Zhongni." (the book of rites, justice, Tan Gong, quoted from the Analects of Confucius, a textual research prophecy), "Confucius' mother, Yan, was in the lake of daze. In her sleep, the black emperor asked her to go to the dream, saying:" your milk must be in the empty mulberry. " If you feel it, you will feel it. You will be born in the empty mulberry Confucius is a great thinker in ancient China, famous all over the world, known to women and children. Since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopted Dong Zhongshu's proposal of "deposing all schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone", the founder of the Confucian school has become the most influential and influential pioneer. Successive emperors bestowed various titles on Confucius, such as the sage in Tang Dynasty. In the Yuan Dynasty, he was granted the title of "king of Dacheng Zhisheng Wenxuan". In the Ming Dynasty, he was granted the title of "master of Dacheng Zhisheng Wenxuan". In the Qing Dynasty, he was called "master of Dacheng Zhisheng Wenxuan". with the growing reputation of Confucius, offering sacrifices to Confucius became a common ritual of the government and the public. The first-class fire event of all dynasties was to offer sacrifices to Confucius, and the Emperor himself was responsible for the sacrifice. The folk custom of offering sacrifices to Confucius was also very popular. Confucius temples are all over China. Even the most humble rural private schools have Confucius Memorial tablets. Children should worship Confucius before they learn. The most famous place for offering sacrifices to Confucius is the Confucius Temple in Qufu, Shandong Province, which is the family temple of Confucius, and Qufu is the hometown of Confucius. The height of the Dacheng hall built by the taxi in Kongqing is only three bricks less than that of Taihe hall in the Forbidden City. The dragon pillars in the hall are carved with jade, which is better than the scarves in the Imperial Palace in the capital. Whenever the emperor came to Qufu, 10 dragon pillars were wrapped in yellow silk to avoid the emperor's jealousy. It is said that emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty, Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong came to Qufu 19 times to offer sacrifices to Confucius. From the Eastern Han Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty, officials were sent to sacrifice. the activities of offering sacrifices to Confucius amount to more than 50 times a year. In spring, summer, autumn and winter, there are fire sacrifices in each season, and there are various traditional festivals. In Qing Dynasty, offering sacrifices to Confucius was regarded as a first-class ceremony, and the emperor personally offered sacrifices. In the early Qing Dynasty, yuanyujian built a Confucian temple to sacrifice Confucius, Yanzi, Zengzi, Zisi, Yuzi and other famous Confucians. when offering sacrifices, we should be devout, sincere and meticulous. There are fixed specifications for sacrificial articles: 100 Jin Huo, black dairy cow, symmetrical horn, moderate bending, smooth wool package; sheep, 30 jin, pure white; pig, 80 Jin, pure black. No cattle, sheep, pigs, before slaughter, to put on a yellow silk, the main sacrifice to the cattle kowtow, and then start. The preparation of sacrificial offerings should be inspected by a specially assigned person. Only when everything is qualified can they be used. Sacrifice emphasizes "abundance, cleanness, sincerity and respect". Uncleanness means disrespect to gods and unfilial to ancestors and teachers. Therefore, hands should be washed many times in sacrifice. The chief priest washed his hands once he offered wine. the sacrifice begins at midnight, about 1 / J, and the participants have all kinds of sacrificial officials in addition to the main one. The master of ceremonies is called "mingzan". At the beginning of the ceremony, mingzan stood on the platform in front of Dacheng hall and called out the password. His voice was very loud and his ending was long. The leader of the sacrificial ceremony stood beside the chief priest, called "yinzan" and obeyed the command of "mingzan". the etiquette of offering sacrifices to Confucius is very complicated, and everyone should act according to the rules. Offering sacrifices to Confucius not only reflects the virtue of respecting teachers in ancient China, but also reflects the rulers' emphasis on Confucian culture, which has always been regarded as the ideological basis of governing. According to the Analects of Confucius, Shu Lianghe and Zheng were praying for nuns, feeling the essence of the black dragon and giving birth to Zhongni "The painting of Confucius in spring and Autumn Period" says: "Confucius' mother is traveling in the pond of Otsuka. She dreams that the black emperor's envoy invites her to go there and make friends in her dream. Yu RI: "your milk must be in the air." If you feel it, you will feel it. You will be born in the empty mulberry, so the sun is mysterious and holy. " He said he was like Jesus, the son of God. He is a descendant of God and is endowed by nature. "Li Han Wen Jia" said: "Confucius against the universe, is called Nipu." It is said that Nishan is of this shape. The book of filial piety

Chinese PinYin : zhì shèng xiān shī