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spathiphyllum

Synonyms plain sailing (Araceae, Helianthus tuberosus) generally refers to Helianthus tuberosus. This entry is compiled and applied by the scientific Encyclopedia of popular science in China.

White taro (scientific name: < I > Spathiphyllum cochii < / I > Engl. & amp; K. Krause) is a perennial herb of Araceae. Plant height 30 cm - 40 cm, stemless or stem short, leaves oblong or nearly lanceolate, with obvious midrib and petiole, dark green. It blooms in spring and summer, with large and significant spathe, white or slightly green, and milky yellow inflorescence.

Native to tropical America, it is widely cultivated all over the world. White crane taro is very beautiful when it blooms, and it is also an excellent indoor potted foliage plant when it does not bloom. It is a new generation of indoor potted flowers. White crane taro can filter indoor waste gas, and has a certain cleaning effect on ammonia, acetone, benzene and formaldehyde. It can also be used as cut flowers.

morphological character

Perennial herbs. Plant height 30 cm - 40 cm, stemless or stem short, with tubers or elongated rhizomes, sometimes stem thick and woody. Leaves basal, elliptic lanceolate, both ends acuminate, veins obvious, petiole long, dark green, base sheath, leaf entire or divided. flowering in spring and summer, scape erect, higher than foliage, spathe erect, upward, large and significant, slightly rolled, white or slightly green, inflorescence cylindrical, milky yellow. Large species, dark leaves, small white flowers, slow growth. The flowering period is from May to August.

geographical distribution

Taro crane originated in tropical America and is widely cultivated all over the world.

Growth habit

Like high temperature and humidity, but also more resistant to shade. White crane taro leaves larger, more sensitive to humidity, afraid of strong light exposure, summer shading 60-70%, but long-term lack of light, it is not easy to bloom. The best soil is loam with rich humus. The suitable temperature for growth is 22-28 ℃, 24-30 ℃ from March to September, 18-21 ℃ from September to next March, and the temperature in winter is not less than 14 ℃. When the temperature is lower than 10 ℃, the plant growth is hindered and the leaves are vulnerable to freezing injury. In the process of storage and transportation, the temperature was controlled at 13-16 ℃, the relative humidity was 80-90%, and the potted white crane taro could endure dark environment for 30 days.

Mode of reproduction

Ramet

It is best to propagate from May to June. The whole plant is lifted out of the pot, and the rhizome is cut from the base of the plant cluster. Each cluster has at least 4 leaves, and then it is restored in the shade.

sow

The seeds can be obtained by artificial pollination after flowering. The seeds need to be sown immediately after collection. The germination temperature is 30 ℃, and the seeds germinate 10-15 days after sowing. If the temperature is too low during germination, the seeds are easy to rot. After 45 days, the callus and adventitious buds grew.

Tissue culture

Young inflorescences and lateral buds were used as explants. After disinfection, the explants were inoculated on MS medium supplemented with 10 mg / L 6-benzylaminoadenine and 2 mg / L indoleacetic acid. After 40-45 days, calli and adventitious buds grew. Then the adventitious buds were transferred to MS medium supplemented with 2 mg / L indoleacetic acid. After 30-40 days, roots were induced and complete plants were obtained.

cultivation techniques

Soil: the potted cultivation of white crane taro requires loose soil, good drainage and ventilation, and can not use sticky heavy soil. Generally, it can use rotten leaf soil and peat soil mixed with a small amount of perlite to prepare matrix, and add a small amount of organic fertilizer as base fertilizer when planting. upper pot: insert the ramet plant into the pot again, put it in the shade after planting, and wait for it to take root. Here, we need to pay attention to the stem when cutting, and then apply charcoal ash to the wound to prevent rot. When the root system returns to normal, enter the normal management. light: light is very important for plant growth. White crane taro needs better light in winter and early spring, but it should gradually shade when the light gets stronger. If you appreciate it in the shade, you can't directly expose it to the sun, which is not good for the growth of white crane taro. temperature: White Crane taro is a high-temperature species, should be cultivated in high-temperature greenhouse. The lowest temperature in winter should be 14-16 ℃ at night and about 25 ℃ during the day. watering: during the growth period of white crane taro, the basin soil should always be kept moist, but not too much watering. Too much watering will make the basin soil moist for a long time, which is easy to cause rotten roots and withered plants. fertilization: do not apply thick fertilizer or raw fertilizer to white crane taro. After applying solid fertilizer, water should be poured once. It is better to use thin fertilizer instead of water. In this way, there will be no fertilizer damage, and white crane taro will grow very luxuriantly. changing pots: change pots once every 1-2 years, combine with changing pots, trim roots, remove part of old roots and over long roots, remove old soil, and replace with new culture soil, so as to facilitate the flowering of white taro.

Pest control

White crane taro is the most popular pest during its growth period, and it should be regularly sprayed with acaricides, such as dicofol, nisolone, pyridaben and so on.

Main value

Ornamental value

White crane taro can be potted, also can be planted in the shade of flower terrace, garden, stone group and pool edge. White crane taro flower stems straight and beautiful, potted embellishment living room, study, very comfortable chic, elegant and handsome. In the south, it is equipped with a small garden, a pool and a corner. In addition, the flower of white crane taro is also an excellent decorative material for flower basket and flower arrangement.

Air purification

White crane taro can filter indoor waste gas, deal with ammonia, acetone, benzene and formaldehyde have certain effect. The results show that the water root cultivated white crane taro can regulate the indoor temperature and humidity through evapotranspiration, and can effectively purify the volatile organic compounds in the air, such as alcohol, acetone, trichloroethylene, benzene, toluene, chlorine monoxide, ozone and so on. Especially for the ozone purification rate is particularly high, placed next to the kitchen gas, can purify the air, remove cooking flavor, lampblack and volatile matter.

Plant culture

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