relieve the state of zhao by besieging the state of wei(wéi wèi jiù zhào)

relieve the state of zhao by besieging the state of wei

Wei Wei saves Zhao, Chinese idiom, Pinyin w é IW è Iji ù zh à o. It refers to the tactics of attacking a stronghold in the enemy's rear to force the attacking enemy to retreat. It refers to the tactics of encircling the enemy's rear to force him to withdraw. It comes from the biography of Sun Tzu Wuqi, Volume 65 of historical records.

Citation explanation

It refers to Zhao and Wei in the Warring States period. It originally refers to the way that the state of Qi besieged Daliang, the capital of the state of Wei, and forced the state of Wei to withdraw its troops to attack Zhao and Han, so that the state of Zhao was saved. It refers to the tactics of attacking the enemy's rear stronghold to force the attacking enemy to retreat. It refers to the tactics of encircling the enemy's rear to force it to withdraw.

During the Warring States period (353 BC), the state of Wei besieged Handan, the capital of Zhao. Zhao asked Qi for help. Qi generals Tian Ji and Sun Bin led the army to rescue Zhao. Taking advantage of the emptiness of the capital of the state of Wei, they led the army to attack the state of Wei. When the Wei army came back to rescue, the Qi army took advantage of its fatigue and defeated the Wei army in the middle of the way, so they relieved Zhao Wei. See historical records, biographies of Sun Tzu and Wu Qi. This kind of strategy is often adopted by strategists later, which is called "encircling Wei and rescuing Zhao".

Chapter 30 of the romance of the Three Kingdoms: "Cao Cao must go in person when Cao's army robbed grain. Since Cao Cao came out of the stronghold, his heart was empty, so he could attack Cao Cao's stronghold first. When Cao Cao heard about it, he would return it quickly. This is sun Bin's plan of" encircling Wei and rescuing Zhao. "

Chapter 64 of the outlaws of the Marsh: "if we use the strategy of" encircling Wei and rescuing Zhao ", and do not solve the danger here, we should take our Liangshan stronghold instead, this is the inevitable reason."

Xiehouyu: Sun Bin saves Handan

Idioms and allusions: Strategies of the Warring States period, Qi CE Yi and difficulties of Handan

In Handan, Zhao called for help from Qi. Marquis Tian called his minister and said, "who is to save Zhao and not to save him?" Zouzi said, "it's better not to save." Duan Ganlun said, "if you save me, it's not good for me." Marquis Tian said, "what is it?" "Fu Wei's family is also Handan. What's the advantage to Qi?" Marquis Tian said, "good." But the army, said: "army in the suburbs of Handan." Duan Ganlun said: "it's not the same for the officials who seek profits and are unfavorable. It was Zhao buba who saved Handan, but Wei also. Therefore, it's better to attack Xiangling in the south to harm Wei, and Handan to inherit Wei's evils, because Zhao broke and Wei was weak. " Marquis Tian said, "good." They set up troops to attack Xiangling in the south. July, Handan. Qi inherited the disadvantages of Wei and broke the Guilin.

Historical records: biographies of Sun Tzu and Wu Qi

People involved:

Qi: Tian Ji, Tian Ying and Sun Bin

Wei: Pang Juan, Wei Huiwang

Zhao: Zhao Chenghou, PI Xuan

Thirty six strategies

The term "thirty six stratagems" was written before the year when the book was written. Its etymology can be traced back to tan Daoji, a general of the Song Dynasty in the Southern Dynasty? In the late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty, more people quoted this language. So people with a heart collected books and compiled "thirty six stratagems". However, it is difficult to know when and who wrote this book. Encircling Wei and rescuing Zhao is the second of the 36 stratagems.

Story background

In 354 BC, the state of Zhao attacked the state of Wei, forcing the state of Wei to yield to it. Wei state was originally a member of Wei state, but later he attached himself to Zhao state. King Hui of Wei was very angry, so he decided to send Pang Juan to attack Zhao state. In less than a year, Pang Juan attacked Handan, the capital of the state of Zhao.

Handan is in danger. On the one hand, Zhao Chenghou, the king of Zhao, tried his best to defend himself. On the other hand, he sent people to rush to Qi for help. King Wei of Qi appointed Tian Ji as the main general and Sun Bin as the army commander to lead the army to save Zhao. In order to paralyze the Wei army, Sun Bin planned to make a feint attack on Xiangling, the military important place of the Wei state, by Qicheng and Gaotang, who were the least likely to fight in the army. But the army made a detour and went straight to the beam. Sun Bin was praised by King Wei of Qi.

Historical allusions

Lite

In 354 BC, the army of the state of Wei surrounded Handan, the capital of the state of Zhao. At this time, the state of Qi sent Tian Ji as a general, Sun Bin as a military adviser, and led 80000 troops to save Zhao. Where is the attack direction? At first, Tian Ji prepared to go straight to Handan. Sun Bin believed that in order to untie the tangled silk thread, we should not force it with our hands. We should solve other people's fights and not directly participate in fighting. When sending troops to break through the encirclement, we should avoid the actual situation and hit the key point.

He suggested to Tian Ji: "at this time, the elite troops of the state of Wei are all concentrated in Handan, and the interior is empty. If we lead our troops to attack Daliang, the capital of the state of Wei, occupy its main traffic road, attack its empty place, and March to Daliang, the capital of the state of Wei, it will surely lay down the state of Zhao and return to its army to save itself. "The Qi army took advantage of its fatigue and met the enemy on the way home in the selected battle area of Guiling. The Wei army was defeated and the siege of Handan was broken.

It was a famous example in Chinese history that Sun Bin used the method of besieging Wei to rescue Zhao. Later, he was listed as one of the important strategies by the military experts. The strategy of encircling Wei and rescuing Zhao was appreciated by militarists of all dynasties and still has its vitality.

Full version

The event "historical records · biography of Sun Tzu Wuqi" is about the battle of GUI Ling between Qi and Wei during the Warring States period. In 354 BC, King Hui of Wei wanted to release Zhongshan's old hatred, so he sent General Pang Juan to attack. Zhongshan was originally a small country in the north of Wei state in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, which was accepted by Wei state. Later Zhao state took advantage of Wei state's funeral and seized Zhongshan. Wei general Pang Juan thought that Zhongshan was only a tiny place, and it was very close to Zhao state. If he didn't fight against Handan, the capital of Zhao state, he would not only get rid of the old hatred, but also win with one stone. From then on, the king of Wei sent five hundred chariots to Pang Juan, the capital of Zhao, and surrounded Handan. In his distress, the king of Zhao had to ask for help from the state of Qi and promised to give it to him as a gift from Zhongshan. King Wei of Qi promised to make Tian Ji a general and set out with Sun Bin, who had been saved from the state of Wei, as the army commander. Sun Bin and Pang Juan were familiar with the method of using troops. The king of Wei hired him with a lot of money, and Pang Juan was also serving the state of Wei at that time. Pang Juan felt that he was not as good as Sun Bin, and he was afraid that he would be better than himself. So he mutilated Sun Bin with poison, broke his feet and stabbed him in the face, trying to make sun unable to walk and ashamed to see others. Later, Sun Bin pretended to be crazy, but fortunately he was rescued by Qi envoys and fled to the state of Qi. This is an old story about Pang Juan and Sun Bin.

When Tian Ji and Sun Bin led their troops into the border of Wei and Zhao, Tian Ji wanted to go straight to Handan, Zhao state. Sun Bin stopped them and said, "you can't make a fist to fight. You can't fight. You can't take part in the fight. To settle the dispute, you have to seize the key and take advantage of the weakness. Only when the two sides are restricted can they separate naturally. Now the elite troops of the state of Wei pour out. If I attack the state of Wei directly. Pang Juan would return to the army to rescue him. In this way, the siege of Handan would be broken. If we ambush Pang Juan on his way back, his army will be defeated. Tian Ji goes according to the plan. " Sure enough, the Wei army left Handan, and on the way back, they fell into ambush and fought with Qi in Guilin. The Wei soldiers were tired after a long journey and were defeated. Pang Juan reluctantly picked up the remnants and returned to Daliang. The Qi division won a great victory, and then the siege of Zhao was solved. This is the famous story of "encircling Wei and rescuing Zhao" in history. Thirteen years later, the army of Qi and Wei intersected in the battlefield again. Pang juanfu was ambushed by Sun Bin again. Knowing that he was poor in intelligence and defeated, he committed suicide. Sun Bin is famous for his art of war. This allusion refers to the tactics of encircling the enemy's rear to force it to withdraw.

Second strategy

relieve the state of zhao by besieging the state of wei

It is better to share the enemy than to divide the enemy.

Notes: (1) common enemy: refers to the enemy with concentrated forces. Total, centralized. Score: scattered. ② Enemy Yang: the elite and powerful part of the enemy. Enemy: verb, attack. Enemy Yin: refers to the empty and weak links that the enemy must have.

To attack an enemy with concentrated forces, it is better to disperse its forces and then break them down one by one; to attack the enemy head-on, it is better to attack its weak and empty links roundly. This refers to besieging the capital of the state of Wei to save the state of Zhao. Now it refers to the tactics of forcing the enemy to withdraw by surpassing the enemy's rear.

Simple explanation: the so-called encircling Wei and rescuing Zhao means that when the enemy is powerful, to avoid a decisive battle with a strong enemy, we should adopt circuitous tactics to force the enemy to disperse forces, and then seize the weak links of the enemy to launch an attack, causing the enemy to die.

Note: to control the army is like to control the water. Sharp avoid its front, such as guide sparse; weak plug its empty, such as building weir. Therefore, when Qi rescued Zhao, Sun Bin said to Tian Ji, "if the man who solved the disorderly disputes didn't control his fists, and the man who rescued the fighter didn't fight, he criticized the strong and attacked the weak, and was forbidden by circumstances, he would solve his own problems."

Fighting against the enemy is like harnessing water. If the enemy has a strong momentum, he must evade the impact, such as diverting by means of persuasion. To the weak enemy, we should seize the opportunity to destroy it, just like building a dike and cofferdam to keep the water from flowing away. Therefore, when Qi rescued Zhao, Sun Bin said to Tian Ji, "if you want to straighten out the tangled threads and knots, you can only use your fingers to untie them slowly, not clench your fists to beat them; if you want to solve the disputes, you can only use your mouth to persuade them, not take part in them. To the enemy, we should avoid the real and take advantage of the false, attack the key points, so that the enemy can be frustrated and restrained, and the siege can be solved by itself. "

Source of allusion

The name of this plan comes from the biography of Sun Tzu Wuqi in historical records. It is about the war between Qi and Wei in Guilin during the Warring States period.

Wei Wei Jiu Zhao is selected from 36 stratagems

"Thirty six strategies", or "thirty six strategies", refers to the Thirty-six Strategies of Military Science in ancient China, which originated from the southern and Northern Dynasties and was written in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is a Book of war based on the excellent military thought and rich struggle experience in ancient China. It is one of the long cultural heritages of the Chinese nation.

The term "thirty six stratagems" preceded the year when the book was written? In 436 AD), according to the biography of Wang Jingze in the book of the Southern Qi Dynasty, "the Thirty-six Strategies of Tan Gong are the best. Your father and son should only listen." It means that the defeat is certain and irreparable. Only to retreat is the best policy. In Song Dynasty Huihong's lengzhaiyehua: "thirty six stratagems, walking is the best stratagem.". At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, more people quoted it. So people with a heart collected books and compiled "thirty six stratagems".

The original book is divided into six sets according to its title, namely, victory plan, enemy plan, attack plan, melee plan, merger plan and defeat plan. The first three sets are the strategies used for the advantage, and the second one is for the advantage

Chinese PinYin : wéi wèi jiù zhào