the land of abundance(tiān fǔ zhī guó)

the land of abundance

The land of abundance, a Chinese idiom, Pinyin is ti ā NF ǔ zh ī Gu ó, which means the area ruled by the state of Qin, especially the Guanzhong Plain. It comes from the liuhou family in historical records. Later, it was commonly referred to as Chengdu Plain.

Discrimination of words

In Guanzhong, zuoguanhan, youlongshu, and the fertile land are thousands of miles away. This is the so-called golden city and the land of abundance. Shiji liuhou family [pinyin code]: tfzg [antonym]: barren land

Idiom usage

It refers to Sichuan or Chengdu Plain. [English]: land of endurance

The origin of Idioms

Qin CE 1, the Warring States policy, said: "Tian Fei Mei, people are rich, chariots are numerous, fighting for millions, fertile fields are thousands of miles, accumulation is abundant, and the terrain is convenient. This so-called Tianfu is the most powerful country in the world."

Historical records

During the Warring States period, Su Qin went to the state of Qin to lobby King Hui of Qin to implement the idea of Lianheng. He said to King Hui of Qin, "the kingdom of King has the advantages of Bashu and Hanzhong in the west, raccoon dogs and horses in the north, Wushan and Qianzhong in the south, and cuisine and letters in the East. Tian Feimei, people rich, chariots ten thousand, fight a million, fertile field thousands of miles, the accumulation of abundant, convenient terrain, the so-called Tianfu, the world's most powerful country also. " King Hui of Qin was not moved. As a regional name, it was first seen in volume 3 of Warring States policies. Su Qin called the place ruled by King Huiwen of Qin "Tianfu". The early appearance of the word "land of abundance" mainly includes: Shiji liuhou aristocratic family: "in the middle of the pass, zuoguhan, youlongshu, fertile fields, South Bashu Rao, North Huyuan's benefit, blocking three sides to guard, only one side to control the princes in the East, the princes are stable, rivers, rivers, rivers and waterways to the world, West to the capital; the princes change, downstream, enough to lose. The so-called golden city is thousands of miles away, and the land of abundance, Liu Jing said It refers to Guanzhong area. The third volume of Huayang annals Shu annals: after Li Bing built Dujiangyan, the Chengdu Plain was "fertile and boundless, with the name of land and sea. If it was dry, it would be infiltrated by water, and if it was rainy, it would be blocked by water gate. Therefore, it is said that water and drought came from people, and there was no famine, and there was no famine, so the world was called Tianfu. "Yizhou dangerous fortress, fertile field, Tianfu land, Gaozu because of it, in order to become the emperor industry", this is a famous sentence in the famous historical Zhuge Liang's Longzhong Dui, referring to Chengdu Plain. Because the land of abundance originally refers to the fertile land and rich product areas, there are some ancient books and records in history as an example. In some periods, some areas are called "the land of abundance", such as the northern part of North China, Jianghuai, Minzhong and other areas, but they all belong to sporadic usage, such as: the ancient thistle land in the capital, surrounded by Canghai on the left, Taihang on the right, Juyong in the north, Juyong in the south It is the land of abundance. " North of North China. Protect Ten years from the lucky Jinyang, in addition to the matter of Huangmen Shilang, leading the book sheriff. The emperor tasted the temple, looked at Bingzhou city and said, "what kind of city is it?" Or: "this is the Golden City, the land of abundance." The emperor said, "I call Tang Yong the golden city. This is not the golden city." It's very important. " Near Taiyuan, Shanxi.

guanzhong plain

Guanzhong Plain lies between Qinling Mountains and Weibei mountains (laolongshan, cuoeshan, Yaowang, Yaoshan, Huanglongshan, Liangshan, etc.). It starts from Baoji in the West and ends at Tongguan in the East, with an altitude of 323-800 meters, a length of 350 kilometers from east to west and an area of 36000 square kilometers. Because between Hangu pass (later also known as Tongguan) and Dashan pass (i.e. between Hangu pass, Dashan pass, Wuguan pass and Xiaoguan pass), it was called "Guanzhong" in ancient times, and it was also called "Qinzhong". During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, it was the hometown of the state of Qin, including Xi'an, Baoji, Xianyang, Weinan, Tongchuan and Yangling Demonstration Area. It is about 350 kilometers long from east to west, with an average altitude of 500 meters. It is narrow in the West and wide in the East. It is known as "800 Li Qinchuan". Weihe plain is a fault subsidence area, namely graben, which is alluvial formed by Weihe River and its tributaries, such as Jinghe River and Luohe River. It has developed irrigation since ancient times and is rich in wheat, cotton, etc. it is an important commodity grain producing area in China. It was the first place in China to be known as "the land of abundance". Weihe plain is surrounded by natural terrain barriers, so it is easy to defend and difficult to attack. Since the Warring States period, there has been a saying of "the country of four fortresses". Therefore, in the Han Dynasty, Zhang Liang used "golden city" to summarize the advantages of Guanzhong and persuade Liu Bang to make Guanzhong the capital. During the Warring States period, when Su Qin told King Hui of Qin about the plan of "Lianheng", he praised Guanzhong for its "beautiful land, rich people, chariots, fighting against trade, fertile fields, and accumulating abundant resources", and said, "the so-called Tianfu is the most powerful country in the world.". This is because Guanzhong has become a geomantic treasure land with rich products and the capital of emperors since the Zhengguo canal was built in the Warring States period.

Sichuan Basin

Sichuan Basin (the central part is Chengdu plain) is the most populous area in Chongqing. It is one of the most populous regions in China and the world. China's famous red bed basin is the basin with the most typical shape, the southernmost latitude and the lowest elevation. Located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, about 500 meters above sea level, the Yangtze River connects it with the East China Sea, which is the largest outflow basin in China. the Sichuan basin covers an area of about 260000 square kilometers, accounting for 46% of the area of Sichuan Province. Sichuan Basin is adjacent to Qinghai Tibet Plateau and Hengduan Mountains in the west, Qinba Mountains in the north, Hanzhong Basin in the East, Xiangexi mountains in the East, Yunnan Guizhou Plateau in the south, Micang mountain in the north, Dalou mountain in the south, Wushan mountain in the East, Qionglai mountain in the west, Longmen Mountain in the northwest, Daba Mountain in the northeast, Daliang Mountain in the southwest and Wuling Mountain in the southeast. The rocks here are mainly composed of purplish red sandstone and shale. These two kinds of rocks are easily weathered and developed into purple soil. purple soil is rich in calcium, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients, which is the most fertile natural soil in China. Sichuan Basin is the place with the most concentrated distribution of purple soil in China, which is known as "Purple basin". The bottom of Sichuan basin covers an area of about 160000 square kilometers. According to its geographical differences, it can be divided into three parts: the plain in the west of the basin, the hills in the basin and the parallel mountains and valleys in the east of the basin.

Climate type

The terrain of Sichuan Basin is closed, and the temperature is higher than that of other areas in the same latitude. The average temperature of the coldest month is 5-8 ℃, which is 2-4 ℃ higher than that of Shanghai, Hubei and Guizhou. The lowest temperature is - 6 ～ - 2 ℃. Frost and snow are rare, and the annual frost free period is 280-350 days. However, in Wuhan, the same latitude, there is constant frost and snow in winter. Changning, located in the Yangtze River Valley, is frost free all year round. Summer begins at the end of may in all parts of the basin, which lasts for more than 4-5 months. The temperature in the East is higher than that in the west, and the temperature in the west is 3-4 degrees lower than that in Shanghai, Wuhan and other cities at the same latitude, but the humidity is relatively high, so it is sultry. The average temperature is about 25 ℃. The temperature in the southeast is higher than that in the northwest, and the edge of the basin is lower. The temperature of the hottest month is as high as 26-29 ℃, and the Yangtze River Valley is nearly 30 ℃. The continuous sunny and high temperature weather in midsummer caused severe summer drought in the southeast of the basin. The annual average temperature is 16-18 ℃. The active accumulated temperature above 10 ℃ is 4500-6000 ℃ and lasts for 8-9 months. The accumulated temperature of the Yangtze River Valley in the southeast is more than 6000 ℃, for example, the accumulated temperature of Qijiang river is more than 6100 ℃, which is equivalent to the subtropical climate south of Nanling Mountain in China. The temperature in the basin is high in the East and low in the west, high in the South and low in the north, high in the basin bottom and low in the edge, and the distribution of isotherm is concentric circle. For example, the elevation of Mt. Emei and Mt. Jinfo increased by 100 meters, and the temperature decreased by 0.55 ℃ and 0.61 ℃. The annual average temperature at the top of Emei Mountain is only 3 ℃, and the active accumulated temperature is 586 ℃ above 10 ℃, which is equivalent to the cold temperate zone and sub cold zone in climate. the annual precipitation in Sichuan Basin ranges from 1000 mm to 1300 mm, and the precipitation in the mountainous areas on the edge of the basin is very abundant. For example, the annual precipitation in the mountainous areas on the western edge between Leshan and Ya'an ranges from 1500 mm to 1800 mm, which is a prominent rainy area in China and is known as "West China rain screen". However, the distribution of dry winter, dry spring, waterlogging in summer and continuous rain in autumn is uneven, and 70-75% of the rainfall is concentrated in June to October. The maximum daily precipitation can reach 300-500mm. "Bashan night rain" has been famous since ancient times, accounting for more than 60-70% of the total rainfall. The basin has heavy fog, heavy humidity, low cloud and cloudy days. Mount Emei and Jinfo Mountain have the most foggy days in China, and the highest annual relative humidity in China. The annual sunshine of the basin is only 900-1300 hours, and the annual solar radiation is 370-420 kJ / cm2, which is the lowest value in China. Therefore, it is said that "Shu dog barks at the sun".

natural resources

There are nearly ten thousand species of plants in Sichuan Basin, and there are more ancient and endemic species than in other areas of China. Some rare relict plants and endemic species such as Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Cathaya argyrophylla, Liriodendron chinense, Sassafras Sassafras, Cephalotaxus fortunei, Davidia involucrata, Cymbidium japonicum, Acer palmatum, Chimonanthus praecox, Eucommia ulmoides, Taxus chinensis, calyx chinensis, Fokienia hodginsii, Amentotaxus, Sabina vulgaris, Chaenomeles can be found in the marginal mountains of the basin and the parallel mountains and valleys in the east of the basin. In the hot and humid Valley, there are some relict plants of Paleotropics, such as Alsophila spinulosa, Alsophila spinulosa, Dryopteris nigricans, Osmunda japonica and Libai. The zonal vegetation of Sichuan Basin is subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest. The representative tree species are Castanopsis fargesii, Castanopsis emeiensis, Castanopsis carlesii, Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Cyclobalanopsis glauca, lithocarpic oak, Schima superba, Schima superba, Sichuan datoucha, Zhennan, runnan, etc. the altitude is generally below 1600-1800 meters. Secondly, there are subtropical coniferous forest and bamboo forest composed of Pinus massoniana, Cunninghamia lanceolata and cypress. From bottom to top, there are evergreen broad-leaved forest, evergreen broad-leaved and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest, coniferous forest in cold temperate mountainous area, and subalpine shrub meadow in some parts. Sichuan Basin is one of the regions with the largest and most complete animal species in China. According to statistics, in addition to fish, there are many fish in the bottom of the basin

Chinese PinYin : tiān fǔ zhī guó