scholar , farmer , artisan and merchant(shì nóng gōng shāng)

scholar , farmer , artisan and merchant

Shi Nong Gong Shang is an article recorded in Guan Zi, an ancient Chinese book, which can be found in the fifth chapter of Guan Zi. Guanzi is a book recording the deeds and words of Guan Zhong, a statesman and thinker of Qi State, and Guan Zhong school in the spring and Autumn period (770-476 BC).

Brief introduction

Guanzi is a book recording the deeds and words of Guan Zhong, a statesman and thinker of Qi State, and Guan Zhong school in the spring and Autumn period (770-476 BC). It was written from the Warring States period (475-221 BC) to the Qin and Han Dynasties. There were 86 chapters in Guanzi compiled by Liu Xiang, of which 76 are in existence today, and the remaining 10 are only in the catalogue. Guan Zhong (723-645 BC), Han nationality, was a famous statesman and strategist of Qi State in the spring and Autumn period. He was born in Yingshang (now Yingshang, Anhui Province). Guan Zhong lost his father when he was young and his mother was in the hall. He lived in poverty, so he had to burden his family too early. In order to make a living, he went into business with Bao Shuya and joined the army. After several twists and turns, he was recommended by Bao Shuya and became the Prime Minister of Qi. He was known as "the first Prime Minister of the spring and Autumn Period". He assisted Duke Huan of Qi to become the first overlord of the spring and Autumn period. Guan Zhong's comments can be found in Guoyu Qiyu, and Guan Zi is handed down.

Appreciative Remarks

This paper consists of 10 sections. 1. Gold is used in quantity. If you understand the principle of gold, you will know extravagance and frugality; if you know extravagance and frugality, you will be able to use it all. So frugality hurts things, extravagance hurts goods. Frugality leads to cheap money, cheap money leads to failure, so it hurts things; extravagance leads to expensive money, expensive money leads to cheap goods, so it hurts goods. If you know the shortage after the goods are used up, you don't know the quantity; if you know the surplus after the things are done, you don't know the saving. If you don't know the quantity, you don't know the section, you can't do it. Gold is a tool for measuring wealth. If you understand the truth of gold, you will know what luxury and frugality are. Know luxury and frugality, all expenses can get moderate satisfaction. Too little state spending is bad for the running of the enterprise; too much is bad for commodity resources. Because if the state uses too little, the price of gold will be low, and if the price of gold is low, it will be difficult to run various undertakings, so it is not good for undertakings. If the country uses too much, the price of gold will be high, and if the price of gold is high, the commodity will be too cheap, so it is not good for resources. The reason why we don't know the right amount of goods is that we don't know the shortage until the goods are used up; the reason why we don't know the appropriateness is that we don't know the surplus until the business is completed. If you don't know the right amount, you can't do it. And to understand them, there are rules. 2. In the land of princes and the country of Qiancheng, the system of utensils is also very important. In the world, horses serve cattle, and there are rules for the weight of each. If you have a night's journey, you can count the distance of the way. He who knows the land of the princes and the country of Qiancheng knows the size of the land and the importance of his responsibilities. If it is heavy and then damaged, you will not know what to do; if it is light and then beneficial, you will not know what to use. I don't know what to do. I don't know what to do. All over the world, there is a certain limit to the burden of riding cattle and horses. If you have an actual journey of one night (30 Li), you will know the distance that is feasible. Therefore, knowing the standard that a vassal state can send thousands of military vehicles, we can calculate the size of its armaments and the weight of its burden. If we cut down after levying heavy taxes, we don't know the affordability; if we increase after levying light taxes, we don't know the scale of armaments. We can't do without understanding the affordability and the size of armaments. And to master them, there are rules. 3. The inedible of the earth and the woodless of the mountains are one hundred. Dry up, one hundred and one. Where there is no vegetation in the earth, there is one hundred. Fan Ji mixed place, people can not enter Yan, a hundred and when one. If the sickle can be entangled, nine will be one. Man mountain, its wood can be wood, can be axis, Jin axe into Yan, nine and when one. Pan mountain, its wood can be a coffin, can be a car, Jin axe into Yan, ten and when one. Flowing water, nets can enter Yan, five and when one. Lin, its wood can be coffin, can be car, Jin axe into Yan, five and when one. Zee, the net into Yan, five and when one. The word of Destiny: the earth is all real numbers. For land without grain and barren mountains without trees, one hundred mu is converted into one mu of arable land. Dry swamp is also a hundred and one. The land without vegetation is one hundred and one. There are many thorns in the land where people can't get in. Lushang grass, but you can take the sickle to go in for cutting, nine Mu is equivalent to one mu. Hills, whose trees can be used as materials, can be used as axles, and people can go in to harvest with knives and axes, are also nine and one. In high mountains, trees can be used as coffins and cars, and people can get in with knives and axes. Ten mu can be converted into one mu. Water, can net fishing, five Mu into an mu. The trees in the forest can be used as coffins, cars, and knives and axes. HuZe, can net fishing, is also five Mu into an mu. The above is called: convert the land by the real number of arable area. 4. Fang Liuli's life is called violence, five violence's life is called Bu, and five Bu's life is called Ju. There is a market for those who gather, but there is no market for the people. Five gathering life is called a certain Township, four villages life is called Fang, the official system is also. As a result, the city was established: five families were established in the army, ten families were established in the company, five companies were established in the company, five companies were established in the company, five companies were established in the company, five companies were established in the company, and five companies were established in the company. When a city becomes a city, it makes its affairs: four gather for one separation, five separation for one system, five systems for one field, two fields for one husband, and three husbands for one family. Making utensils: the square six li is the place of one ride; the one ride is four horses; the one horse is seven in its armor and five in its cover; the four ride is eight in its armor and twenty in its cover; the thirty white disciples serve two carts and make utensils. The six li square area is named Bao, the five Bao is named Bu, and the five Bu is named Ju. There should be markets for gathering, but without markets, people are short of daily necessities. Wuju is called a township, and Sixiang is called Fang. This is the system of administrative organization. Once an administrative organization is established, local residents' organizations will be established. Five families should be organized into one group, ten families into one company, five companies into one storm, five storms into one long. It is called a certain township. The four townships were named capital. This is the resident organization system. Once the residents' organizations are established, they will organize production. Four quarters count as one separation, five separation count as one system, five systems count as one field, two fields count as one husband, and three husband count as one family. This is the system of production organization. Once the production organization is established. To organize arms. Six miles of land, send a car. One ride four horses, one horse is equipped with seven Jiashi and five shield hands. A total of twenty-eight Jiashi and twenty shield hands. There are also 30 civilian men in charge of the logistics of the military vehicles, which is the system of armament. 5. A square six li is a place to multiply; a square one Li is a field for nine husbands. Gold is a long way, a hundred times a night. If there is no gold, it should be made of silk, and the seasonal silk should be made of 33 pieces. If there is no silk, it should be made of cloth. If it is made of cloth, one hundred taels of cloth will be used as a piece of gold, and one hundred taels of gold will be used as a sustenance. Then the place of the city, six moxibustion one, life said the middle age. Every square mile is nine farmers' fields. Yirui gold is the cost of providing 100 military vehicles for one night. There is no gold can be replaced by silk, fine silk 33 system into a gold. No silk can be used for cloth. One hundred pieces of fine white cloth can be folded into gold, which is the cost of one night for a hundred soldiers. In this way, the place where the cloth is collected should be divided into six steps: collecting grain from the land. This is the tax rate of medium annual income. 6. If there is a market, if there is no market, there will be no shortage of people. Fang Liuli is called she, and you Yi Yan is called Yang. It is also the Fu of Guanshi. A hundred gold stalls are one case, and a grain cage is ten cases. Thirty of them lived in the market. In December of the first month, gold was in the sky, and their fate was right. In spring, Shubi is called, in summer, Yuecheng is called, and in autumn, Daji is called. If there is a market, there will be no market. The area with six li square is called "she"; the city with residents is called "Yang". There will also be tariffs and market taxes. If the number of merchants in the market reaches 30, and they collect one gold from January to December, this is called taxation. The tax rate is announced every year at the vernal equinox; it is verified monthly at the beginning of summer, and the total tax collection is counted in autumn; the increase and decrease of the number of business people are also counted. At the age of seven or three, he was granted the title, at the age of five, at the age of ten, and at the age of ten. Ten Ren see water is not poor, five feet see water is not drought. Eleven Ren see water light levy, ten to two three, two to three four, four to four, five to half, compared to the mountain. Five feet to see water, ten to one, four to three, three to two, two to one, three feet to see water, compared to Ze. Every three years, every five years, and every ten years, the boundary of the field should be redrawn. These should be the norm. Generally, all the land with deep water will not suffer from serious drought; the land with deep water will not suffer from serious drought. For land that still has water, the tax should be reduced by one tenth. For land that still has water, the tax should be reduced by two tenths. For land that still has water, the tax should be reduced by three tenths. For land that still has water, the tax should be reduced by four tenths. For land that still has water, the tax should be reduced by half. As for the land with five feet of water, it will be reduced by one tenth; for the land with four feet of water, it will be reduced by two tenths; for the land with three feet of water, it will be reduced by three tenths; for the land with one foot of water, it will be equivalent to a swamp. 8. Outside the gate of the country and within four years of poverty, the husband ploughed twice and the child ploughed five feet each. He thought that he had made great achievements in three days. In the first month of the year, the farmers began to work, and they were forced to work in the public fields. And snow release, plowing beginning Yan, Yun death Yan. Scholars, who are knowledgeable, knowledgeable, and observant, but not monarchs and ministers, have nothing to do with merit. Jia knows the high and low status of Jia, but he is not an official. He has nothing to do with merit. The function of appearance management by work is more important in the market than in the government. You can't make it

Chinese PinYin : shì nóng gōng shāng