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The Confucianists in war of words come from the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms written by Luo Guanzhong in Ming Dynasty. In the 43rd chapter, Zhuge Liang's words were at war with others, and Lu Zijing, a Confucianist, tried his best to defy the public opinion.

The story tells of Zhuge Liang's resistance to Cao Cao for the alliance of Sun Quan. In the process, Zhuge Liang was rebuked by the counsellors of the eastern Wu Dynasty. In the end, Zhuge Liang refuted them one by one and was speechless.

Introduction to the author

Luo Guanzhong, between 1330 and 1400, is a popular novelist in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. His native place is Taiyuan, now Shanxi, and Qiantang, now Hangzhou, Zhejiang. According to legend, Luo Guanzhong served as an advisor to Zhang Shicheng, a peasant uprising army in the late Yuan Dynasty.

At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, famous novelists and dramatists are the originators of Chinese Chapter novels. He was born at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty. As an opera Pinghua writer who was associated with "advocating excellence" and "prostitute art", he was regarded as the lower class of GouLan Washe at that time. It was impossible for the official history to write classics for him. The only thing we can see is an unreliable pamphlet "sequel to the book of recording ghosts" compiled by an anonymous in the Ming Dynasty, which reads: "Luo Guanzhong, born in Taiyuan, is a scattered person in the lake. It's very fresh to be widowed. I have a long-term friendship with Yu, and I have suffered many times, so I am separated from each other in the world. It has been more than 60 years since Jiachen's return, but I don't know where it will end. "

Luo Guanzhong has a lot of works in his life. His main works include: the play "dragon and tiger meeting of Zhao Taizu", "Zhongzheng Xiaozi Lianhuan Jian", "Sanping Zhang waifei Huzi"; the novel "biography of Sui and Tang Dynasties", "Romance of the history of the Five Dynasties of the Tang Dynasty", "biography of the demons of Sansui Ping", "PINK MAKEUP building", and "outlaws of the marsh" co authored by Shi Naian. His representative works are "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" (full name "general records of the Three Kingdoms") And so on.

Relevant information

Novel records

The romance of the Three Kingdoms is the beginning of Chinese ancient novels.

The story of the Three Kingdoms is quite popular in ancient China. In the song and Yuan Dynasties, it was put on the stage, and more than 30 plays of the three kingdoms were performed in Jin and Yuan Dynasties. During the period from Yuan Dynasty to Zhi Dynasty, Pinghua in the annals of the Three Kingdoms published by Yu family of Xin'an appeared. At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, Luo Guanzhong created the popular romance of the history of the Three Kingdoms according to his personal understanding of social life, combining the folk legends, operas and scripts with the historical materials of Chen Shou's the history of the Three Kingdoms and Pei Songzhi's notes. The earliest existing edition is published in Jiajing year of Ming Dynasty, commonly known as "Jiajing edition". This book has 24 volumes. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, Mao Lun and Mao Zonggang corrected historical events, added and deleted words, and revised them into the 120 chapters of the romance of the Three Kingdoms, which is popular today. The romance of the Three Kingdoms describes nearly one hundred years of history from the late Eastern Han Dynasty to the early Western Jin Dynasty. The book reflects the political and military struggle in the Three Kingdoms period, reflects the infiltration and transformation of various social contradictions in the Three Kingdoms period, summarizes the historical changes in this era, and shapes a number of powerful heroes. In the grasp of the history of the Three Kingdoms, the author shows an obvious tendency of supporting Liu and opposing Cao. Taking Liu Bei group as the center of description, he praises the main characters of Liu Bei group and strongly exposes and castigates Cao Cao. Today we should have a dialectical understanding of the author's tendency of supporting Liu and opposing Cao. Respecting Liu and opposing Cao is the main tendency of folklore. In the age of Luo Guanzhong, people's hope for the rejuvenation of Han nationality is implied.

The romance of the Three Kingdoms depicts nearly 200 characters, among which Zhuge Liang, Cao Cao, Guan Yu and Liu Bei are the most successful. Zhuge Liang is the embodiment of the "virtuous Prime Minister" in the author's mind. He has the lofty integrity of "devote himself to his life, die after his death". He has the ambition of helping the people in modern times and rebuilding the peaceful and prosperous times. Moreover, the author also endows him with the strange ability of calling the wind and calling the rain and calculating cleverly. Cao Cao is a treacherous man. His life belief is "better to teach me to be responsible for the people in the world than to teach them to be responsible for me". He is not only brilliant but also cruel and treacherous. He is a political ambitious and schemer, which can not be confused with the real Cao Cao in history. Guan Yu is "fierce and resolute" and "righteous as a mountain". However, his righteousness is based on personal gratitude and resentment, not the national righteousness. Liu Bei is portrayed by the author as a typical benevolent monarch who is benevolent to the people and loves things, looks down upon the virtuous corporal, and understands people and their good duties.

The romance of the Three Kingdoms describes wars of all sizes, with magnificent ideas and various techniques, which makes us clearly see the scenes of wars. Among them, "the battle of Guandu" and "the battle of Chibi" are full of ups and downs.

The text of the book is not very deep, the language is not very vulgar, concise and bright, full of momentum, lively.

The romance of the Three Kingdoms has brought about an upsurge in the creation of historical novels in China. A series of characters created by it are well known to all in China, women and children.

There are many versions of the romance of the Three Kingdoms, mainly including: the Ming Hongzhi edition of the popular romance of the Three Kingdoms, with simple words and plain content; the Qing Mao Zonggang edition of the romance of the Three Kingdoms, which was added or deleted in the early years of Kangxi, was the most widely spread in the society. People's Literature Publishing House reprinted and published many times.

In Chapter 43 of the romance of the Three Kingdoms, Zhuge Liang traveled alone with Lu Su and lobbied the officials of the eastern Wu Dynasty. At that time, Liu Bei was defeated and retreated to Xiakou. Cao Cao's army pressed down on the border, and the wind of the east Wu was flourishing. In this situation, Zhuge Liang, with his superhuman courage and insight, launched a war of words with the Confucianists of the eastern Wu Dynasty, and with his eloquent eloquence, all his opponents were defeated one by one, and finally convinced Sun Quan, so that the situation of sun Liu alliance against Cao Cao was formed.

Historical records

It is only recorded that Zhuge Liang met with Sun Quan, and the battle between the main warring factions and the main peace factions in the eastern Wu Dynasty flourished. Zhuge Liang is only a festival envoy.

Classic clip

original text

Su Nai led Kong Ming to the bottom of the curtain. I saw Zhang Zhao, Gu Yong and a group of more than 20 civil and military people in the morning. Kong Ming met one by one and asked for their names. Now that the ceremony is over, please take the guest seat. Zhang Zhao and others see Kong Mingfeng's spirit is flowing and elegant. They expect that this person will come to lobby. Zhang Zhaoxian said: "Zhao is a scholar in the end of Jiangdong. I have heard for a long time that Mr. Zhao is high in the middle of the river, and he is in charge and happy. Is that true? " Kong Ming said: "this bright life can be compared to the small." Zhao said: "recently, I heard that Mr. Liu Yuzhou Sangu was in the thatched cottage. Fortunately, he got Mr. Liu. He thought that he was" like a fish in water "and wanted to sweep Jingxiang. Now, once it belongs to Cao Cao, what is his opinion that he has not been examined? " Kong Ming thought to himself that Zhang Zhao was the first counselor under Sun Quan. If he didn't defeat him first, he would say how to win Sun Quan, so he said, "it's easy for me to take the land of Han Dynasty. My Lord, Liu Yuzhou, is devoted to benevolence and righteousness. He can't bear to win the foundation of his clan, so he resigns. Liu congruzi, who listened to the sycophant's words, surrenders himself, which makes Cao Cao rampant. Now I'm in charge of garrison troops in Jiangxia. I have a good plan. It's not easy to know. " Zhao said, "if this is the case, it's Mr. Wang's words and deeds that go against each other. Mr. Guan Zhongxiang, Duke Huan, dominates the world; Yue Yi supports the weak Yan and goes down to more than 70 cities in Qi Dynasty: these two people are really talents to help the world. Mr. Wang is in the thatched cottage, but he is smiling and sitting on his knees. Now that he is engaged in liuyuzhou, he should promote the interests of the living beings and eliminate the evils. Before Mr. Liu Yuzhou got his master, he was still in charge of the whole world. Today, everyone looks up to Mr. Liu Yuzhou. Although three feet of Tongmeng, also known as tiger wings, will see the Han Dynasty revival, Cao's death. Old officials of the imperial court, hermits in the mountains and forests, all wait and see. They think that it's time to sweep the clouds of the sky, look up at the glory of the sun and the moon, save the people in the midst of fire and water, and take measures over the world. Mr. he returned to Yuzhou. As soon as Cao Bing came out, he abandoned his armour and left his army to flee. He could not report to Liu Biao to pacify the common people, and he could not help his orphan to occupy the territory. He abandoned Xinye, went to Fancheng, defeated Dangyang, and ran to Xiakou. He had no place to live: after he got Mr. Yu, he was not as good as he was at the beginning. Guan Zhong and Yue Yi, are they? Don't be surprised if you are so stupid After hearing this, Kongming said with a dumb smile, "how can the birds recognize the ambition of flying thousands of miles? For example, when a person is infected with Shengu, he should first drink it with gruel and take it with medicine; when his viscera are reconciled and his body gradually calms down, then he can use meat to supplement it and strong medicine to treat it: then the root of the disease will be gone and the person will live a whole life. If you don't wait for your qi to be gentle, you'll find it hard to use powerful medicine for security. Liu Yuzhou, my Lord, was defeated by the Japanese army in Runan. He left Liu Biao's home. His soldiers were less than a thousand, and he stopped Guan, Zhang, and Zhao Yun. This is just like when he was extremely ill. Xinye mountain is a small and remote county with few people and food. Yuzhou is just taking shelter for the time being. Is it really going to stay here? However, the burning of villages in Bowang and the use of water in Baihe made the Xia Hou Dun and Cao Ren generation tremble: it is not necessary to say that Guan Zhong and Le Yi used military force to steal. As for Liu Cong's surrender, Yuzhou didn't know about it and couldn't bear to seize the foundation of the same clan. In the defeat of Dangyang, Yuzhou saw hundreds of thousands of people who went to help the old and the young. They couldn't bear to abandon them. They traveled ten miles a day and didn't want to make progress. They were willing to lose with each other. This is also a great kindness. It's common to be outnumbered. In the past, Emperor Gao was defeated by Xiang Yu, but the success of the first battle of Cuan was not Han Xin's good plan? I believe that if I serve the emperor for a long time, I will never be tired. There is a mastermind to build the country and protect the country. He is not a boaster, but a hypocrite: no one can reach him when he is sitting and talking; he can't change his mind when he is ready. ——Smile for the world Zhang Zhao did not give a single answer to this article.

Suddenly, a man on the seat said in a voice: "today, Cao Gongbing is garrisoning millions of troops, and will line up thousands of soldiers. The dragon and the tiger are looking at each other and swallowing the river and summer. Why is he like this?" Kong Ming regarded it as Yu fan. Kongming said, "Cao Cao took Yuan Shao's army and robbed Liu Biao of the mob, though millions of them were not enough to be afraid of." Yu Fan said with a sneer, "the army is defeated in Dangyang, the plan is poor in Xiakou, the advice is just from others, and you still say" don't be afraid ". This is really a big lie!" Kong Ming said: "Liu Yuzhou, with thousands of benevolent and righteous teachers, can defeat millions of cruel people? Retreat to Xiakou, so it's time to wait. Today, the east of the Yangtze River is well-equipped and has the danger of the Yangtze River

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