the imperial sword(shàng fāng bǎo jiàn)

imperial sword

The synonym Shangfang sword generally refers to Shangfang sword (the supreme symbol of imperial power). Shangfang sword refers to the sword collected by ancient Chinese emperors in Shangfang. In Han Dynasty, it was called Shangfang horse chopping sword. In Ming Dynasty, it was called Shangfang sword, that is, the imperial sword used by the Emperor. The ministers holding Shangfang sword had the power of cutting first and then playing. It is commonly known as "Shangfang sword" in drama, novels and folk. The idiom Shangfang sword refers to the power of the superior.

Shangfang (also above): the official office in charge of the manufacture and supply of imperial utensils has been established in Qin Dynasty, and is well-known in Han Dynasty. Shangfang sword is the sword used by the emperor. The minister who holds the sword of Shangfang given by the emperor has the power to act first and then act. Ancient China attached great importance to etiquette and law. As the sword made by Shang Fang could only be used by the royal family, this kind of sword was endowed with imperial power and privilege from the beginning.

Shangfang sword reflects a concept of rule of man. Seeing the sword is like seeing the son of heaven. It is a symbol of imperial power in ancient China. After the Wanli year of Ming Dynasty, it appeared more frequently.

Sword specifications

The sword body is carved with fine patterns and clear patterns. On one side of the sword body is carved with a flying dragon and on the other side is carved with a winged Phoenix. Moreover, the sword body is also decorated with the Big Dipper. It can be considered that it is based on the worship of the big dipper and also to recall the achievements of Ou Yezi, the founder of the sword. It is said that Shangfang sword was bestowed by Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, Emperor Taizu of Ming Dynasty, not only to have the power of cutting first and then playing, but also to be a symbol of status and power. sword length: 103cm, sword body: 71cm, sword handle: 29cm, sword body: 5.5cm wide, sword body: 1.5cm thick, net weight: 2.5kg, material: medium carbon steel

origin

Shangfang sword refers to the sword hidden in "Shangfang" by ancient Chinese emperors. It is called "Shangfang horse chopping sword" in Han Dynasty and "Shangfang sword" in Ming Dynasty. It is commonly known as "Shangfang sword" in dramas and novels. "Shangfang", also known as "Shangshang", is the official name for the supply of utensils used by the emperor. Shangfang sword is originally a horse chopping sword. It is very sharp and can break horses. Because it is hidden in Shangfang, it is commonly known as "Shangfang sword". It has existed since the Han Dynasty. According to the biography of Zhu Yun in the book of the former Han Dynasty, Zhu Yun wrote to the emperor and said, "the minister originally gave the Shangfang a sword to cut off one of the sycophants in order to make a fierce attack." Liu Bowen of the Ming Dynasty also said: "seal the Shangfang sword first, and punish the traitors according to the law." It can be seen that those who hold Shangfang sword are the most trusted people of the emperor, and they have the privilege of cutting first and then playing. But in this way, we must act in accordance with the law and not act recklessly. in the name of Shangfang sword, it symbolizes arbitrary power and has a grand ceremony of giving sword, which should start from the Yuan Dynasty. During Kublai Khan's reign (1260-1294), Taoist Zhang liusun cured the empress with Shinto. "The empress and Empress of the emperor was very happy, and ordered him to be the teacher of heaven. Liu sun insisted that he was not worthy of the title. He was called Shangqing, and ordered Shangfang to cast a sword as a gift. He built Chongzhen palace in two capitals, so that he could stay with him and take charge of the temple affairs.". At this time, Shangfang sword had not been used in government affairs and military affairs, but it had been regarded as a symbol of arbitrary power. In 1270, an armed rebellion against Mongolia took place in Sichuan and Shaanxi. It was written in Chinese that "if the provincial officials were in trouble, please kill the special ones to stop the theft, and the imperial assembly will follow.". At this time, Gao Ming, the academician of the Imperial Academy and Shi Yushi, thought: "if we make death row prisoners in the world, we must wait for the report, so we should attach importance to punishment and cherish people's livelihood. This is a way for the whole world to be good at killing people, which will do great harm to benevolent government. " Kublai Khan adopted Gao Ming's opinion and did not give the general the power of "killing". According to the historical data, the practice of giving Shangfang sword to kill and act expediently was carried out in the Ming Dynasty when the "three great expeditions of Wanli" were carried out. Wanli 20 years (1592), Ningxia kuaibai rebellion, Wanli emperor "with Shangshu (stone) star words, grant (governor of Shaanxi, Yan, Ning, Gansu military) Wei Xuezeng Shangfang sword to supervise the war.". However, Wei Xuezeng sent troops to encircle Ningxia town, but he was "perplexed by appeasement". By this time, the Ming army had besieged the city for half a year. Ye Mengxiong decided to irrigate the city by the river, and at the time of the internal strife in kuaibai, he broke through the city and "killed the party and the people as much as possible". Kuaibai's son Kuai Chengen was bound to the capital and all of them were executed. The victory of this battle made the Ming Court taste the sweetness, and the granting of Shangfang sword began to be frequent.

allusion

In those years, when watching old dramas, the fight between loyal and treacherous dramas turned into fire and water. Loyal officials often fell behind, and the emperor was also fatuous. Just when the loyal officials saw that they would be poisoned by treacherous and sycophantic people, a miracle appeared: a sword of Shang Fang suddenly came out of the box, the superior was unfaithful, the inferior was unfaithful, the superior was angry, and the treacherous officials gave the top priority. The audience was very happy, and thousands of angry hearts were comforted. Shangfang sword has become the common people's sustenance and expectation for justice and loyalty. In the struggle against lawlessness with divine power, Shangfang's sword glowed with magic brilliance. But is there a Shangfang sword? The answer is yes. The most powerful tool to solve this conflict in classical drama is not fabricated out of thin air. the earliest records of Shangfang sword appeared in the Han Dynasty. During the reign of emperor Cheng of Han Dynasty (32-7 B.C.), Zhu Yun wrote: "I'd like to give you a sword to chop the horse and cut off one of my courtiers to fight the rest.". Yan shigu noted: "Shangfang, the official of Shaofu, is used as a sacrificial instrument. Therefore, there is a horse chopping sword. The sword can be used to chop horses.". The so-called "sycophant" refers to Zhang Yu, the emperor's master. Shangfang's horse sword was specially made by the royal family. Shangfang sword is the sword used by emperors. Shangfang, a subordinate official of the Shaofu in Qin and Han Dynasties, made utensils for imperial use. The sword is sharp and can be used to cut horses. It's called Shangfang's horse sword. In the Qin and Han Dynasties, there were Shaofu, shangfangling and shangfangcheng. They were responsible for holding swords and playing well with utensils. By the end of the Han Dynasty, they were divided into three Shangfang: the middle, the left and the right. Later, they were followed by successive dynasties. In the Tang Dynasty, shangfangbaojian became the supreme symbol. It was originally the emperor's weapon. They were given privileges to senior officials, and they could be executed first and then performed. Biography of Zhu Yun in the book of Han Dynasty: when the Han Dynasty became emperor, Zhu Yun, a counsellor, wrote: "I would like to give you a sword to cut off Zhang Yu's head." Zhang Yu was the prime minister and the teacher of Liu Ao, Emperor chengdi of the Han Dynasty. Emperor Cheng was very angry: "I'm a junior minister. The court humiliates my master. I'm not forgiven for my crimes." He ordered the censor to tie Zhu Yun down. Zhu Yun hugged the railing in front of the hall and argued so hard that the railing was broken. General Xin Qingji pleaded for Zhu Yun, but Zhu Yun was spared his death. This is the famous story of "Zhu Yunzhe". Zhu Yun asked Shangfang to chop the horse sword, which is also called Shangfang sword. In the Tang Dynasty, Yan shigu noted: "Shangfang, an official of Shaofu, is used as a sacrificial instrument. Therefore, there is a horse chopping sword, which can be used to chop horses." According to the biography of Cai Lun in the book of the later Han Dynasty, Liu Zhaoshi, the emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, often served Cai Lun to add a Shangfang order and supervised the making of swords, that is, Shangfang swords. The weapons used by the emperor are not for private use. Therefore, it is said that swords and other instruments are highly skilled and dense, which is the law of later generations. " The sword here is Shangfang sword. It's a weapon used by the emperor, but not for private use. Guangya Shiqi records that the ancient sword has the name of "Cai Lun", which is the excellent sword supervised by Cai Lun when he was in charge of shangfangling. Later, the Emperor may give the imperial minister Shangfang sword to kill and cut. Biography of Peng Chong in the later Han Dynasty: Zhu Fu said to Guangwu, "when the former Wu and Han Dynasties sent troops, the king left his favorite to use ceremony and sword." Feng Yi Zhuan: "Chimei yancen riot three auxiliary, with different for the western general to discuss.". Drive to Henan, give Chengyu, seven foot jade sword According to the book of Jin, in Liangzhou, Zhangji Town, Nanyang King touched the sword given by Emperor Yiji, saying: "the expedition to the west of Gansu Province, carefully appointed, such a sword." Shangfang sword is the product of centralized politics in ancient China. Liu Ji of Ming Dynasty said in his poem, "seal Shangfang sword first, and kill the traitors according to the law." This kind of legal thought and the instruments of punishment as the main body of law enforcement are actually the law outside the law and the punishment outside the punishment. The clever dramatists use the law of law and the punishment of punishment to express the ideological meaning of drama reasonably. in the Han Dynasty, there was a kind of official named shangfangling, which made Royal swords and playful utensils for the emperor, so the emperor's imperial swords were later called shangfangjian, or shangfangbaojian. There is a story in the Han Dynasty: there is a man named Zhang Yu who used to be a teacher of the Han Emperor. He owned a lot of land and property, and his private life was extremely extravagant. However, he won the emperor's trust and became prime minister. Zhu Yun, who dared to remonstrate directly, asked the emperor to give Shangfang a sword to kill his courtier Zhang Yu. The emperor was very angry and said that Zhu Yunju had slandered the emperor, so he was sentenced to death. Fortunately, the left general Xin Qingji came out to ease, and the emperor left Zhu Yun a life. "Shangfang sword" has become a symbol of great authority. "The Yin Yi of Qian Shu" says: "the leader, the leader, chooses rice for sacrifice. Shang Fang was in charge of all kinds of swords and carved jade Shangfang was a subordinate official of Shaofu, whose main job was to supply utensils for the emperor. Shaofu is one of the nine ministers. Shangfang sword is made by Shangfang, also known as potential sword. Shangfang was in charge of the supply and manufacture of knives, swords and other utensils used by the emperor. It was set up in the Qin Dynasty. Shangfang sword refers to the sword used by the emperor, which is a symbol of the highest power. According to the biography of Zhu Yun in the book of Han Dynasty, "I am willing to give Shangfang a sword to cut off a sycophant, so that I can do the rest." The Emperor Zhu Yun admonished was Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty. In Liu Ji's gift to Zhou Zongdao 64 rhymes of the Ming Dynasty, it is said that "first the emperor was granted the title of shangfangtu, and then the traitors and booties were punished according to the law." In the 10th year of song Chunyou (1250), Liu Fu, a student of the Imperial College, wrote a letter to denounce the imperial censor Chen Xun and the rightist Tsai Rong as treacherous and sycophantic people. He asked the emperor LiZong of Song Dynasty to expel them from the court as early as possible. Otherwise, although he used Shangfang's sword to sharpen his head, how could he save the state affairs. In 1259, the first year of Kaiqing in the Song Dynasty, Xu Zongren, the governor of the Imperial College, also said about this incident: "it was because the gentry resisted the incident and the school knocked on the door that he wanted to use Shang Fangjian to eliminate evil for his majesty.".

Chinese PinYin : shàng fāng bǎo jiàn