reclusive distinguished men(shān zhōng zǎi xiàng)

reclusive distinguished men

Prime minister in the mountains, pronounced sh ā nzh ō ngz ǎ IXI à ng, is a Chinese idiom. In the Southern Dynasty, Liang Shitao Hongjing lived in seclusion in Maoshan, and could not be hired repeatedly. Emperor Wu of Liang often asked him about state affairs, and people called him "prime minister in the mountains". It refers to Gao Xian who lives in seclusion. It comes from the biography of Tao Hongjing in southern history.

explain

In the Southern Dynasties, Liang Shitao Hongjing lived in seclusion in Maoshan. He could not be employed many times. Emperor Wu of Liang often asked him about state affairs, and people called him "prime minister in the mountains". It refers to Gao Xian who lives in seclusion.

source

In the biography of Tao Hongjing, a history of the South written by Li Yanshou of the Tang Dynasty, it is said that "every time a country has good or bad fortune, it has to consult. In the middle of the month, there are often several letters. At that time, people called him the prime minister in the mountains. "

Examples

The first part of Prince yuan's "Liu Chen and Ruan Zhao mistakenly enter Taoyuan": I look after the house there. The ape and the crane are tall in their year, and they are pine and cypress trees at the door. It is often a case of jade piled up in Taoist books and a case of green clouds piled up in immortals. The end of a mountain idle prime minister, forest wild family. “

Idiom story

Not far from Nanjing in Jiangsu Province, there is a Qushan mountain stretching for tens of miles. It is said that there were three brothers Maoying, Maogu and Maozhong who became immortals in the Han Dynasty, so they are also called Maoshan. During the reign of Xiao Yan, Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty, envoys from the imperial court often went to Maoshan with the emperor's letters. They got a reply and rushed back to Maoshan in a hurry. There were often several times in a month. Sometimes, when there are important events and frequent contacts, the front just sent people to set out with the imperial edict and edict, and immediately sent more envoys to urge them to deal with them. Emperor Liang Wu attached so much importance to Maoshan's information that there must be some experts living in the mountains. This man was not an important official of the imperial court, but a hermit Taoist named Tao Hongjing. Liang Wudi always asked for his opinions when he had military and national affairs. He was outside the country, but he seemed to be a decision-maker of the government. So people called him "prime minister in the mountains" at that time. This is Tao Hongjing. He used to be in officialdom. He was born in Danyang (now Jiangsu Province). From the Han Dynasty to the Southern Dynasties, Song Dynasty and Qi Dynasty, his ancestors and father had been officials, big or small. Hongjing was a smart boy. At the age of four or five, he liked to read books. At the age of nine, he was familiar with the book of rites, Shangshu, Zhouyi and other profound classics. At the age of eleven, he became a doctor of a prince. At the age of 23, he served as the Minister of Baling king in the Southern Qi Dynasty. Later, he served as the Minister of various kings and concurrently as the secretary. At that time, all kinds of official documents written by Tao Hongjing were regarded as the norm among the colleagues. However, although he is very talented, all of his officials have no real power. He is neither a senior official in the central government, nor a powerful official in governing a county or a place. Therefore, he often fails to succeed. When he was thirty-six years old, he decided to quit his official position and practice Taoism and came to Maoshan. He thought that the mountain was known as "Huayang's heaven" and one of the blessed places of the immortal family, so he called it "Huayang's seclusion" and built a Taoist temple in the mountain. Before he became emperor, Xiao Yan and Tao Hongjing were good friends. Xiao Yanchu won the great power and was ready to establish a state, but he couldn't make up his mind what name to take for the dynasty. Tao Hongjing, according to the nursery rhymes and books about fortune and misfortune, said that his national name should be "shuirenmuchu", which spelled "Liang". Xiao Yan adopted his suggestion and named it Liang. After that, Xiao Yan of course thanks Hongjing for sending people to the mountain to comfort him. At the same time, he asks Tao to explore some principles of immortality and refine some pills for him. According to historical records, Emperor Wu "asked Tao Hongjing a lot of questions at that time, and he looked at each other from afar" -- letters and greetings kept passing, and envoys' vehicles could see each other one by one on the way. Emperor Wu knew that Tao Hongjing was a genius. He wanted to ask him to be an official several times, but Tao Jian couldn't give up. The emperor's imperial edict was so urgent that he drew two oxen and asked people to take them to Emperor Wu. In the painting, an ox is scattered among the water plants, while an ox is covered with a golden cage, and someone sticks to the whip to drive it away. Emperor Wu understood the meaning and said with a smile: "this man has no desire for glory and wealth. It seems that he is going to imitate the tortoise who crawls freely in the mud (Chuang Tzu is a metaphor for a free and secluded life). How can he attract people?" only when there are military and national affairs, he still sends people to consult. This is how the reputation of "prime minister in the mountains" came into being. Tao Hongjing's School of Taoism is called Shangqing school. Since he lived in seclusion in Maoshan, Maoshan has actually become the center of this school, which is called Maoshan sect in history. From Tang Dynasty to early Northern Song Dynasty, Shangqing school was the most influential Taoist school. Tao Hongjing himself is diligent in writing, writing a variety of works on Taoism, history, health and other aspects. Among them, Shen Nong Ben Cao Ji Zhu is an important work of Chinese pharmacology, Yang Xing Yan Ming Lu is a work of health preservation, and Xiao Shi Fang and Jiu Hou Bai Yi Fang are works of traditional Chinese medicine, which have considerable influence in history.

Tao Hongjing

Life

Tao Hongjing (456-536) is a well-known Chinese character. He was named Huayang Jushi and posthumously named "Mr. Zhenbai". He was born in moling, Danyang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province). He was a Taoist thinker, pharmacist, alchemist, litterateur and calligrapher in the Qi and Liang dynasties. He was also an outstanding politician. Tao was born in Danyang, a famous family in Jiangdong. His grandfather, Tao long, was a servant of emperor Xiaowu in the Southern Song Dynasty. His father, Tao Zhenbao, was a doctor of the history of his son. According to historical records, Tao Hongjing was a good book when he was four or five years old. He wrote with silver grass and learned Chinese characters from the ashes. At the age of nine, he can read the Confucian classics such as the book of rites, Shangshu, Zhouyi, Chunqiu, Xiaojing, Maoshi and Lunyu. After he got Ge Hong's biography of immortals at the age of ten, he "studied day and night, and then had the ambition of health preservation.". And long, read more than ten thousand volumes, know nothing, think deep shame. When he was 15 years old, he wrote a book named "mountain records", describing his reclusive life of admiring alchemists. After the age of 17, he was famous for his talent and learning. He was known as the four friends of Shengming together with Jiang Yu, Chu Xuan and Liu Mata. During the reign of Xiao Daocheng and his son Xiao you (477-493), Tao Hongjing served successively as the official of Baling king, an Cheng king, Yidu king and other kings, and also took charge of the official affairs of the royal family. In 492, Tao Hongjing resigned at the age of 36. In the biography of Tao Hongjing in the southern history, it is said that Tao "took off his court clothes and hung up the gate of Shenwu to express his love for Lu" and retired to Qushan (Maoshan) to practice Taoism. After his retirement, Tao Hongjing was still able to "know the changes of the times, observe people's hearts, and sympathize with the sufferings of being burned". Therefore, Xiao Yan, Emperor Wu of the Liang Dynasty, was "more generous and polite", and "every time the country has good or bad fortune to ask for important things, it always goes to consult, and in the middle of the month it often has a few letters, so people call it the prime minister in the mountains.".

a merit

"The overlord of the Six Dynasties became the water of oath; the famous mountains of the ages were still surnamed Tao." Tao Hongjing was first known from the couplet of Taoshan temple in Tang Dynasty. The word "Taoshan" must have been used for thousands of years, which shows Tao Hongjing's personal charm and historical achievements.

Related information

During the period when Tao Hongjing lived in seclusion, he wrote down the eternal masterpiece "Zhao Wen, who is in the mountains? Write a poem to answer it": "who is in the mountains? There are many white clouds on the mountains. you can only enjoy yourself, but you can't afford to give it to you. When I read Tao Hongjing's poem, it was in Wang Zengqi's article about Nanxi River. After reading it, I was immediately conquered by Tao Hongjing's crystal clear, free and easy words, which looked like white clouds floating leisurely on the mountains. These 20 words seem to blurt out, clear as words, humorous and meaningful, no servile state, such as friends sitting on each other ridicule, between the lines with Fairy Spirit, it is so complacent. From then on, I remember Tao Hongjing and Tao Shan. Now selected into the junior high school textbook "thank you Zhongshu" is also a masterpiece: "the beauty of mountains and rivers, talk about together in ancient times. Peak into the cloud, clear flow to the bottom. The stone walls on both sides of the Strait are bright in five colors, and the green woods and green bamboos are available all the time. At dawn, the fog will stop and the apes and birds will sing in disorder. It's really the fairyland of desire. Since the beginning of recreation, there has been no one who can be more extraordinary. " Now experts are researching, what is the real scene in his works. But I think what he described is the typical scenery of Wenzhou countryside. Look at the landscapes in Tao Gong's works: high mountains, flowing clouds, streams, green bamboos, green forests When the red sun is gone, the fish swimming in the bottom of the water vie to jump out, a strong scenery. Yongjia, Ruian, Wencheng, Pingyang, which place is not like this? Ah, what's more! Tao Hongjing used to collect herbs and make alchemy in Fuquan mountain and Sishan mountain in our city. It is said that he treated the poor and did not get a cent. The people felt his kindness and called the place where he lived "Taoshan" and the sugarcane he planted "taocane". It is said that the place where Tao Hongjing practised Taoism was misty for many years, and there was the word "Baiyun" in his poem, so Zhang Ran and Salmonella mountain were called "Baiyun township" (after 1956, he merged with the other two townships into Taofeng town). Today, there are many historic sites on Fuquan mountain, such as Fuquan temple, alchemy rock, Baiyun Mountain and so on. Because of these origins, Fuquan mountain is especially sacred in the eyes of the villagers. I used to be the principal of Tongpu middle school at the foot of Fuquan mountain for three years. It was a rural school in an awkward situation. A large number of students were lost. I was in danger and under great pressure. So I always feel like I'm busy every day. For three years, I always wanted to find an opportunity to visit Tao Gong in the mountains, but I didn't make it until I left office. I'm very sorry. October 2 of this year is the National Day holiday. I was finally able to drive myself to Fuquan mountain. Fuquan mountain has just opened a new road, and there are few cars on the road, so it's very smooth to drive. Unexpectedly, halfway up the mountain, a large tractor rushed towards me at the corner and almost collided. At that time, I stepped on the brake tightly, and my mind was blank. The two cars were less than 20 cm apart, so I finally stopped. God bless you! At Fuquan temple, everyone worships piously and looks at Tao Gong in the seat vividly and calmly. Out of the temple gate, the white clouds floating overhead, the door

Chinese PinYin : shān zhōng zǎi xiàng