Thirty six stratagems(sān shí liù jì，zǒu wéi shàng jì)

Thirty six stratagems

Thirty six stratagems, walking is the best stratagem. It means that things have come to a point where there is no alternative but to run away. It is from the biography of Wang Jingze in the book of the Southern Qi Dynasty: "the Thirty-six Strategies of Tan Gong are the best."

essential information

S ā NSH í Li ù J ì, Z ǒ UW é ISH à NGJ ì. [origin] biography of Wang Jingze in the book of the Southern Qi Dynasty: "Tan Gong's thirty-six strategies are the best. Your father and son have to go in case of emergency." Yuancai said: "thirty six strategies, walking is the best strategy." Song Huihong's lengzhaiyehua (cold zhaiyehua), Volume 9, is a complex sentence; it is used as a predicate and a clause; it is used as a persuasive word. Yu Yimu's echo of first love says: "my son-in-law is clever. When I see the situation is not good, I'll slip away." "Going for good" is the best policy

meaning

It refers to running away in a war when you see that the situation is extremely unfavorable to you. Now it is mostly used in life, work and social communication. If the situation is unfavorable to you, when the enemy is strong and I am weak, you will choose to retreat temporarily, come back again, or seek other ways.

The original code

The whole division avoided the enemy. Left second, no fault, no abnormality.

notes

① The whole division avoids the enemy: the whole army retreats and avoids the strong enemy. second time: garrison. Blame: danger. (4) not out of order: the hexagrams in the book of changes, master (see the first 26 notes for the explanation of the names of the hexagrams). This hexagram 64. "Xiang" CI: "left no fault, not abnormal also." That is to say, there is no danger for the army to camp on the left side (because camping on the left or right side depends on the situation) and it does not violate the usual way of March.

Notes

If the enemy wins completely and I can't fight, I will fall, make peace and go. If you fall, you will lose completely; if you fall, you will lose half; if you go, you will not lose. If you don't lose, you win. For example, at the end of the Song Dynasty, he met with the Jin people again, and the number of people who arrived at the end of the Jin Dynasty was increasing, so it was difficult to fight with them. On the eve of the first day, he left a flag in the camp, tied the sheep to hang, and put his first two feet on the drum. If the sheep could not hang, they would beat the drum with their feet. Jin people do not feel empty camp, stalemate for a few days, but feel, to pursue it, it is far away. (strategic research. Southern Song Dynasty) is a good walker.

source

This is the 36th plan in the sixth set of 36th plans. The saying of "36th plan, walking is the best plan" comes from the book of Nanqi. Biography of Wang Jingze: "Tan Gong's 36th plan, walking is the best plan". Tan Daoji, the famous general of the Tang Dynasty, is said to have "36 strategies of Tan Gong". In addition, there are also other military arts in ancient China. "Huainanzi. Bing Lue Xun" says: "if you are strong, you will fight, if you are weak, you will go.". Another book of war in our country, the art of war, is also called "avoid and complete, then avoid". "Sun Tzu · Xu Shi Pian": "those who retreat but can't be pursued, are quick but can't reach.". "Wuzi · material enemy" also said: "where this is not as good as the enemy, avoid it without doubt; the so-called" advance at sight, retreat at a loss ". It can be seen from this that "thirty six stratagems, taking the lead" refers to our active retreat in order to preserve our strength when our side is inferior to the enemy. The so-called "Shangji" does not mean that "go" is the "Shangji" in the thirty-six stratagems. It means that in the case of a strong enemy and a weak enemy, our side has several choices: seeking peace, surrendering, fighting and withdrawing. Of the four choices, the first three are completely hopeless and a complete failure; only the fourth "retreat" can preserve strength and make a comeback, which is the best choice. Therefore, it is better to say "go".

allusion

During the northern and Southern Dynasties, Emperor Qi Ming died of a sudden illness, while Wang Jing revolted in the East, which shocked the imperial court. In the East Palace, the Duke of donghun gathered his men to discuss the rebellion secretly. He sent people to the building to observe. When he saw a fire in the Zhenglu Pavilion, he said that Wang Jingze had come and pretended to leave. Someone told Wang Jingze that Wang Jingze ridiculed Tan Daoji's irresponsible escape. Avoid the enemy in the whole division. There is no fault on the left, and there is no abnormality. ① The whole division avoids the enemy: the whole army retreats and avoids the strong enemy. ② Left time without blame, not abnormal also. He is a good walker! In order to avoid a decisive battle with the enemy, there are only three ways out: surrender, peace and retreat. Compared with the three, surrender is a complete failure, peace is half a failure, and retreat is not a failure. Retreat, you can turn defeat into victory. Of course, retreat is by no means a passive escape. The purpose of retreat is to avoid a decisive battle with the main force of the enemy. Active retreat can also lure the enemy, mobilize the enemy and create favorable fighters. In short, retreat is for progress. When do you leave? How can I get there? We have to be flexible here and learn a lot. The story that Bi Zaiyu used to bind the sheep and beat the drum to deceive the Jin people and withdraw calmly shows Bi Zaiyu's superb ability of using "walking is the best plan". It means to take the initiative to retreat in a planned way, to avoid the strong enemy, to look for fighter planes, and to retreat for advance under the unfavorable situation of great disparity between the enemy and us. This should also be the best strategy. This sentence comes from the biography of Wang Jingze in the book of the Southern Qi Dynasty: "Tan Gong's thirty-six strategies are the best." In fact, in the history of China's war, there have long been brilliant examples of the "go ahead" strategy. in the early spring and Autumn period, the state of Chu became more and more powerful. Chu also coerced Chen, Cai, Zheng and Xu to send troops to cooperate with Chu army. At this time, Duke Wen of Jin had just captured the state of Cao, who was dependent on the state of Chu. He knew that the war between Jin and Chu was inevitable sooner or later. Ziyu led his troops to the state of Cao. After hearing the news, Duke Wen of Jin analyzed the situation. He was not sure of the victory or defeat of the war. Chu was strong and Jin was weak. He decided to retreat temporarily to avoid the edge. He pretended: "I was forced to flee in those days, and my ancestors treated me with courtesy. I had an agreement with him that if I returned to Jin in the future, I would like to see the two countries mend. If the two countries have to fight each other, I will retreat first. Now, Ziyu is cutting me, I should carry out my promise and give up first. In ancient times, one house was thirty Li He retreated 90 Li and reached Chengpu, the border city of Jin State. Relying on the Yellow River and Taihang Mountain, he was able to resist the enemy. He had sent people to Qin and Qi for help in advance. When Ziyu led his troops to Chengpu, Duke Wen of Jin had been ready. Duke Wen of Jin has found out that the left, middle and right armies of Chu state are the weakest, with Chen and Cai soldiers in front of them. They were intimidated and had no fighting spirit. Ziyu ordered the left and right armies to advance and the Chinese army to follow. When the right army of Chu attacked the Jin army, the Jin army suddenly retreated. The generals of Chen and Cai Army thought that the Jin army was afraid and wanted to run away, so they pursued them closely. All of a sudden, an army was killed out of the Jin army, and the driver's horse was covered with tiger skin. Chen and Cai Jun's horses thought they were real tigers. They were so scared that they jumped about and ran away. How could the cavalry control them. The Chu right army was defeated. Jin Wengong sent soldiers disguised as sergeants Chen and CAI to report their victory to Ziyu: "the right division has won. The marshal should move in as soon as possible." Ziyu boarded the car and saw that the dust behind the Jin army covered the sky. He laughed and said, "the Jin army is vulnerable." In fact, it was the Jin army's plan to lure the enemy. They tied branches behind the horses and ran back and forth, deliberately making smoke and dust block out the sun and creating a false appearance. Ziyu urgently ordered the left army to march forward. The army of Jin retreated with the flag on purpose. The left army of Chu was trapped in the ambush circle of Jin and was annihilated. When Ziyu led the Chinese army to arrive, the three armed forces of Jin army had surrounded Ziyu. Ziyu then found out that both the right and left armies had been annihilated, and she was in a tight encirclement and was in a hurry to break through. Although he escaped under the escort of general Cheng Daxin, his troops were so badly killed that he had to go back to China bitterly. In this story, Jin Wengong retreated several times, not passively, but actively, looking for or making fighters. Therefore, "go" is the best policy. What's more, before the Chengpu war, the state of Chu annexed the small countries around it. In order to expand his power, King Zhuang of Chu sent troops to attack Yongguo. Due to Yongguo's resistance, it was difficult for the Chu army to push forward. Yongguo also captured general Yang Chuang of Chu in a battle. However, due to the negligence of Yong state, three days later, Yang Chuang escaped from Yong state. Yang Chuang reported the situation of Yong state, saying: "everyone in Yong state is fighting hard. If we don't mobilize the main force, we are afraid that it will be difficult to win." The general of Chu suggested pretending to be defeated in order to be arrogant. So the martial uncle led the troops to attack. Soon after the war, the Chu army pretended that it was hard to fight, defeated and retreated. Several times in a row like this, the Chu army retreated steadily. Yongjun seven battles seven victories, can not help but be proud, do not pay attention to the Chu army. The morale of the army was paralyzed, the fighting spirit was gradually relaxed, and the guard was gradually lost. At this time, the king of Chu Ying led the reinforcements. The martial uncle said, "our army has pretended to be defeated seven times, and the mediocre people are very proud. Now is a good time to launch a general attack." King Zhuang of Chu ordered his troops to attack Yongguo in two ways. Yong soldiers are intoxicated in the victory, how can not think of Chu army suddenly killed back, rushed to fight, unable to resist. The Chu army wiped out the state of Yong at one stroke. My uncle pretended to be defeated seven times in order to make fighter planes and wipe out the enemy at one stroke.

Application analysis

To retreat in the face of difficulties, we should keep our capital. Here, we should understand the "difficulty" as something that can not be realized at all, not as the difficulty of "difficulty". Therefore, it requires people to "advance when they can see what they can, retreat when they are faced with difficulties" and "know what they can't do" but not do it. That is to say, they should act according to the objective law, not blindly and recklessly, not to advance rashly while belittling the enemy, and not to win by chance. It is a strategy to get rid of the dangerous situation that "keep the green hills and don't worry about firewood". we should make good use of this plan: we should distinguish the situation clearly, do not panic, plan carefully, look for gaps, and prevent tracking. To make progress by retreating and to seek opportunities to control people is to make temporary concessions as a means to strive for greater progress in the next step. Here it is

Chinese PinYin : sān shí liù jì，zǒu wéi shàng jì