The Three Reactionary Writers(sān jiā cūn)

The Three Reactionary Writers

The word "sanjiacun" has two meanings in Chinese Dictionary: one is "remote village". The first is "the term of the Cultural Revolution" (specifically referring to Wu Han, Deng Tuo and Liao Mosha, who were falsely accused of being "the anti Party group of Sanjia village" because they opened the column "notes of Sanjia village" in front line in 1966. As a matter of fact, "Sanjia village" appeared in Tang Dynasty. It first came from Wang Jiyou's "congratulating Shen qianyun on behalf of Ruoling Yu" in Tang Dynasty: "when we meet, we ask for our names. We have no children. Now we have grandchildren. There are only three villages in a hundred. There is a sharp contrast between "three families" and "one hundred families" in the poem. Now there are only a few villages with one hundred families in those years (the "three families" are empty, very few), and the feeling of desolation is on the paper.

origin

In September 1961, frontline magazine, the official journal of Beijing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China, opened up a special column "notes of sanjiacun" for "enriching the content of the journal", "activating the atmosphere" and "improving the quality". The column invited Deng Tuo, Secretary of the Secretariat of Beijing Municipal Committee, Wu Han, vice mayor of Beijing, and Liao Mosha, director of the United Front Work Department of Beijing Municipal Committee, to write together. They agreed that the article should be limited to about one thousand words, and the number of each article should be less than one thousand words One article is published in a journal, and three people write in turn. Wu Han, Deng Tuo and Liao Mosha share the same pseudonym: Wu Han, Ma Nan Cun and fan Xing.

development

a literary creation

From October 1961 to July 1964, more than 60 articles were published in "notes of Sanjia village". Most of the contents of these articles are in the form of talking about the past, the present and the world, talking about ideological cultivation, art appreciation and other issues, and individual chapters will be written according to the readers' points. Some of the chapters also criticize the bad phenomena in the social life at that time and allege the disadvantages of the times. However, this kind of criticism and allegory was later regarded as a political act of "step by step, organization and command" and was criticized.

turning point

In May 1966, under the instigation of Jiang Qing, "firing on the black line of anti party and anti socialism" (Gao Ju, Liberation Army Daily, May 8, 1966), "wiping your eyes, distinguishing the true from the false" (Guan Feng's pseudonym "he Ming", the same as the previous "Guangming Daily") and "comments on" Sanjia village "(Yao Wenyuan, Liberation Daily, May 10, 1966)" notes on Sanjia village "were criticized The column is characterized as "the poisonous grass of anti party and anti socialism" and "the preparation of public opinion for the restoration of capitalism and the overthrow of the dictatorship of the proletariat with command, organization and purpose". It is generally believed that the real motive of the critics is to point to the Beijing party and government system behind the three. Since then, sanjiacun has been regarded as an anti Party group. Deng Tuo is regarded as "the manager and manager of the black shop", while Wu Han is "the vanguard". the criticism of Sanjia village became the direct breakthrough of the cultural revolution. It eventually led to the collapse and reorganization of the Beijing Municipal Party committee and a series of subsequent political changes, which eventually led to the downfall of Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping. Deng Tuo and Wu Han also died of hatred in the escalating criticism and persecution.

Incitement call

All over the country, a wave of "three villages" and "four shops" has been launched. The spearhead of the struggle has turned to the leading cadres of the party, government and army and intellectuals in the fields of literature, art, theory, journalism and publishing. "Sanjia village" has become the pronoun of "the black line of anti party and anti socialism", and has been popular for a while, forming a terrorist atmosphere. As a result, there are many victims. Even small units that have nothing to do with culture should be found out of the "three villages"; otherwise, class struggle will be ignored. People's Daily's editorial "sweeping away all ghosts and goblins" (June 1, 1966) wrote: "the guns of the exploiting class have been disarmed, and the impressions have been taken away by the people, but the reactionary thoughts still exist in their heads", "they are indomitable", "16 years of continuous struggle on the ideological and cultural front of emancipation, until this time the" three villages "of different sizes fought against each other The exposure of the party's anti socialist black line is a struggle of restoration and repeated restoration. " Moreover, the highest authority set the tone politically, so a net of ideological punishment spread across the country: all the people who had a little opinion on reality, or were considered dissatisfied or unhealthy by the leaders and the masses, and often wrote articles to earn extra contributions to cause resentment, those large and small literati who liked to be gregarious and sing together, or ordinary lovers, were once labeled with the title at that time The hat of "Sanjia village".

Vindication of unjust cases

In August 1978, with the approval of the Central Committee, the Beijing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) made the "vindication decision on the unjust case of" Sanjia village ", which rescinded the conclusion made by the former Office of the special review group of the CPC Central Committee on Deng, Wu and Liao, restored their political reputation, and held a memorial service for Deng Tuo and Wu Han. Liao Mosha later served as vice chairman of the Beijing CPPCC.

Chinese PinYin : sān jiā cūn