catch bandits first catch the ringleader(qín zéi qín wáng)

catch bandits first catch the ringleader

This plan thinks that attacking the main force of the enemy and catching the leader of the enemy can disintegrate the whole strength of the enemy. Once the enemy loses command, it will collapse without fighting. The bow should be strong, the arrow should be long, the horse should be shot first, and the king should be captured first. When fighting, we must first destroy the enemy's main force and capture its leader, then we can disintegrate the enemy's fighting power.

annotation

The original text: destroy its strong, seize its chief, in order to understand its body. When a dragon fights in the wild, his way is poor. Notes: 1. The Dragon fights in the wild, and its way is poor: it comes from the Kun hexagram in the book of changes. Kun, the name of eight trigrams. This hexagram is a pure Yin one, which overlaps the same hexagram. According to the first six hexagrams of this book, Xiangci: "the Dragon fights in the wild, and its way is poor." That is to say, even if the Dragon fights in the field, it is in a desperate situation. It refers to the power of the strategy of catching thieves and kings in battle. Destroy the enemy's main force, seize its leader, you can disintegrate its overall strength. It's like a dragon coming out of the sea to fight on land and facing a desperate situation. the moral of catching the thief and catching the king is that if the commander of the enemy is captured or killed in the battle between the two armies, the rest of the troops will lose themselves without fighting. Metaphor in solving things to seize the key, solve the main contradiction, other details can be easily solved. source: catching the king first is selected from thirty six strategies. "Thirty six strategies", or "thirty six strategies", refers to the Thirty-six Strategies of Military Science in ancient China, which originated from the southern and Northern Dynasties and was written in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is a Book of war based on the excellent military thought and rich struggle experience in ancient China. It is one of the long cultural heritages of the Chinese nation. The term "thirty six stratagems" was written before the year when the book was written. Its etymology can be traced back to tan Daoji, a general of the Song Dynasty in the Southern Dynasty? In 436 AD), according to the biography of Wang Jingze in the book of the Southern Qi Dynasty, "the Thirty-six Strategies of Tan Gong are the best. Your father and son should only listen." It means that the defeat is certain and irreparable. Only to retreat is the best policy. In Song Dynasty Huihong's lengzhaiyehua: "thirty six stratagems, walking is the best stratagem.". At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, more people quoted it. So people with a heart collected books and compiled "thirty six stratagems". However, it is difficult to know when and by whom the book was written. According to the title of the book, it can be divided into six sets, namely, the plan of winning the war, the plan of the enemy's war, the plan of attacking the war, the plan of mixed war, the plan of merging the war and the plan of losing the war. The first three sets are used for advantages, and the last three sets are used for disadvantages. Each set contains six pieces, a total of 36 pieces. The explanation after the name of each plan is based on the change of yin and Yang in the book of changes and the transformation of the antagonistic relations between the ancient strategists, such as hardness and softness, Qi Zheng, attack and defense, self, virtual reality, subject and object, which contains the elements of simple military dialectics. The notes after the explanation mostly cite the war cases before the Song Dynasty and the brilliant sentences of Sun Wu, Wu Qi, Wei Liaozi and other strategists. There are also general remarks and postscripts in the book. Thirty six stratagems are the summary of ancient Chinese strategists' stratagems and the precious heritage of military strategy. To facilitate people to memorize these thirty-six stratagems, a scholar wrote a poem in the order of each word in the thirty-six stratagems: Jinyu Tangong stratagem, in order to catch robbers, fish and snakes laughing among the sea, sheep and tiger, peach and mulberry separated, trees dark and crazy, empty cauldron, distant guests, beautiful corpses on the roof beam, attacking Wei Lian and cutting Guo.

The origin of Ji name

The earliest and influential written record of "catching the thief and catching the king" is the wordless poem "qianchusai" in Tang Dynasty: "bow should be strong, arrow long. Shoot the horse before shooting the man, and catch the king before catching the thief. There is no limit to killing people, and there is no limit to building a country. If Gou can control and invade the mausoleum, how can he kill more people? " Judging from the historical background at that time, this poem originally contained the meaning of satire and remonstrance to Li Longji, the Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, for his unrestrained use of foreign forces. In the 18th year of Emperor Xuanzong's Kaiyuan reign (730 AD), after several defeats by the Tang army, the Tubo in the western regions sent envoys to seek peace. With the permission of Emperor Xuanzong, Li Longji, the tubos withdrew their troops from the border, and peace was restored between the two sides. Seven years later, Xuanzong took advantage of the fact that the Tubo people were unprepared, and sent troops to invade Tubo, which severely damaged the Tubo army and penetrated into the enemy territory for 2000 Li. In 739 ad (the 27th year of Xuanzong's Kaiyuan reign), Princess Jincheng (the 4th year of Zhongzong's Jinglong reign, i.e. 710 ad, was ordered to marry zanpujili and suozan of Tubo) died. Tubo sent envoys to report the funeral, and took the opportunity to seek peace. Xuanzong refused. A year later, the Tubo army captured Shibao (now southwest of Xining, the capital of Qinghai Province), an important border town of the Tang Dynasty. In the seventh year of Tianbao reign of Emperor Xuanzong (748 AD), the Tang Dynasty sent Longyou Jiedushi and general Ge Shuhan to unite the army of 33000 people to fight against the Tubo army. The stone fort was recovered, and tens of thousands of Tang soldiers died in the battle. Du Fu's poem "going out of the fortress before" is about to express his feelings about this situation. It means that as long as he can subdue the leader of the enemy country, keep his territory and prevent the invasion of foreign countries, why kill too many people. In the poem, the aphorisms such as "shoot a horse before shooting a man" and "catch a thief before catching a king" reveal the general situation of the poet Du Fu's military experience in ancient China and his personal military vision. As a result, it has become a well-known saying in later generations and is often quoted by many militarists, politicians and even various figures.

Notes

According to the ancients, if you win an attack, you can't win. It is the benefit of death, the fatigue of generals, the harm of being handsome, and the loss of merit to take advantage of the small and leave the big. To win without destroying the king is to let the tiger go back to the mountain. The way to capture the king is not to distinguish the banners, but to observe the first movement in the array. In the past, Zhang Xun fought with Yin Ziqi and rushed straight to the enemy camp. Under Ziqi's command, the camp was in chaos, killing more than 50 thieves and more than 5000 soldiers. He wanted to shoot Ziqi, but he didn't know it. He took every Artemisia as an arrow, and the middle one liked to say that the arrow was exhausted. When he went to baiziqi, he got the shape, made Jiyun shoot it, hit his left eye, and almost got it. Ziqi returned the army (New Tang book, 1922, Zhang Xun, strategic research). In war, the interests of defeating the enemy are inexhaustible. If we are satisfied with a small victory and miss the chance to win a big one, it will be the victory of the soldiers, the burden of the general, the disaster of the commander in chief and the loss of military achievements. To win a small battle without destroying the main force of the enemy, without destroying the headquarters of the enemy, and without catching the leader of the enemy, is like letting the tiger go back to the mountain, with endless troubles in the future. In ancient times, when the two armies fought each other, the position of the enemy commander was easy to determine. But we can't rule out such a situation: if the enemy is defeated, the enemy's commander will disguise himself so that you can't recognize him for a moment. In the case: Zhang Xun's plan is better than others. He uses straw as an arrow to expose Yin Ganqi and shoot him.

Saccule counting

Du Fu, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, wrote in Qian Chu Sai: "a bow should be strong, an arrow should be long, a horse should be shot first, and a thief should be captured first." In his poems, Du Fu clearly and profoundly expounded his views on complex war. In military operations, capturing the thief and capturing the king is to destroy the enemy's headquarters, accurately strike the top commander and main part of the enemy as the means of action, and quickly annihilate the enemy's effective forces as the purpose. If the leader of the enemy is released, he will no doubt release the tiger to the mountain. Although he has won a victory in part of the battlefield, the enemy's "Crux" still exists, and they will regroup their forces and roll up the soil. There is a folk saying that "seven inches is needed to fight a snake", that is to say, if you want to kill the other party, you must hit the other party's key parts, which is also the most popular interpretation of catching a thief and a king. Of course, in the actual war, the situation between the enemy and ourselves is complicated and ever-changing, especially for the inferior party, the goal of capturing the king seems to be a little far away. How to effectively avoid the main force of the enemy, grasp its weak links, gradually eliminate the other party's living forces, and finally achieve the goal of annihilating the enemy is even more important.

allusion

During the rebellion of an and Shi in Tang Dynasty, an Lushan was arrogant and won many victories. Yin Ziqi, the son of an Lushan, led 100000 strong troops to attack Suiyang. When Zhang Xun, the censor Zhongcheng, was stationed in Suiyang, he saw that the enemy was coming fiercely and decided to defend the city. The enemy troops attacked the city more than 20 times and were repulsed. Yin Ziqi saw that the soldiers were tired, so he had to call in gold. In the evening, as the enemy soldiers were just ready to rest, they suddenly heard the battle drums rumbling at the head of the city and shouting loudly. Yin Ziqi urged his troops to prepare for a fierce battle with the Tang army who rushed out of the city. However, Zhang Xun "only thundered but not rained". He beat drums from time to time, as if he wanted to get out of the city, but he kept the gate closed and didn't fight. Yin Ziqi's troops were tossed all night without rest. The soldiers were very tired and couldn't open their eyes. They fell to the ground and fell asleep. At this time, there was a gunshot in the city. All of a sudden, Zhang Xun led the guards to rush out. The enemy soldiers woke up from their dreams, panicked and confused. Zhang Xun made a concerted effort to kill more than 50 enemy generals and more than 5000 soldiers in succession. The enemy was in chaos. Zhang Xun ordered his troops to capture Yin Ziqi, the leader of the enemy, and the troops rushed all the way to the commander-in-chief of the enemy. Zhang Xun had never met Yin Ziqi and didn't know him at all. Now he was mixed up in the chaos army, which made it more difficult to recognize him. Zhang Xun had a plan in mind to let the soldiers use straw to sharpen their arrows and shoot at the enemy. Many of the enemy troops were hit by arrows. They thought they were dead. However, he found that he had straw arrows in his heart. He was overjoyed that there were no arrows in Zhang Xun's army. They rushed to report the good news to Yin Ziqi. Seeing this, Zhang Xun immediately recognized Yin Ziqi, the leader of the enemy army, and urgently ordered the shenjianshou and nanjiyun to shoot an arrow at Yin Ziqi. It hit Yin Yuqi's left eye. This time, it's a real arrow. Yin Ziqi's blood is dripping. He scurries for his life. The enemy troops were in chaos and fled after a great defeat.

appreciation

Wang is the leader or core figure of social organizations such as the state, society, institution, Department, sect or gang. He is the command and dispatch center for the organization to carry out collective action, and the hub or key for the organization to exert its overall strength, such as the role of leader (person). It's often said that a gun can shoot a bird in the head. Most people in the world are afraid of being a bird in the head and are used to following the crowd. So it's an organization

Chinese PinYin : qín zéi qín wáng