fine day(qīng tiān bái rì)

Qingtianbairi banner

The synonym qingtianbairi (Chinese Kuomintang flag) generally refers to qingtianbairi flag, the first flag made during the 1911 Revolution. Designed by Lu Haodong, member of Xingzhong society. Later, it was adopted as the party flag by the Chinese Kuomintang, which inherited the Xingzhong Association. The flag is blue to show the blue sky, and in the middle of the flag there is a pattern of daylight emitting cross light. "Blue sky and white sun" is the party emblem of the Chinese Kuomintang. After 1925, the national government took the red flag as the national flag of the Republic of China.

In 1895, in order to launch the Guangzhou Uprising, the Xingzhong society decided to replace the Huanglong flag of the Qing government with this flag. Because the uprising in Guangzhou was destroyed by the Qing government before the outbreak, the flag was not used.

This flag was first used as the flag in Huizhou uprising in 1900. After that, he founded Zhonghe hall in Nanyang, and this flag was hoisted in every club. At that time, the light on the flag varied. Sun Yat Sen later explained that the number of branches represented by chiaguang should be arranged as 12 to replace 12 hours. Since then, it has become custom.

After Sun Yat Sen organized the Chinese revolutionary party in 1914, he took this flag as the party flag. The Kuomintang is still in use today.

establish

In the autumn of 1893 (the 19th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), Lu Haodong, a member of the revolutionary party, lived in Tingtao Pavilion of jialie and designed the "blue sky and white sun flag", which was the predecessor of the national flag of the national government. In 1895, Sun Yat Sen held the first cadre meeting of the Xingzhong society in Hong Kong, and adopted the qingtianbairi banner as the revolutionary army flag. Since then, many uprisings have taken this flag as their banner. After the Chinese revolutionary party was reorganized into the Chinese Kuomintang, it continued to use the blue sky and white sun flag as its party flag.

background

In 1895, Dr. Sun Yat Sen gathered Lu Haodong and others to prepare for the Guangzhou Uprising. He thought that "sooner or later, we proposed revolution to overthrow the Qing Dynasty and establish our country. There must be a day of success. Today, all countries in the world have national flags as symbols of our country. He also hoped that Lu Haodong would prepare for the event. Lu Haodong was intelligent and good at painting since he was a child. Lu also believed that it was necessary to formulate a national flag, a symbol of revolution and a convenient command in wartime. Soon, Lu Haodong was going to give Sun Yat Sen the style of a flag, which Sun appreciated. This was the first blue sky and white sun flag. Lu explained to Sun Yat Sen the design idea of the flag, saying that "blue sky and white sun" means freedom, equality and justice, reflecting the western concept of freedom and democracy. There are twelve corners (also known as fork light) around the "white sun", which are like the radiation of the sun's light. Lu said that this corresponds to the twelve hours of the day and night on the earth, that is, corresponding to the Chinese traditional "dizhi". Sun Yat Sen was very impressed by Lu Haodong's design and immediately said that he would adopt it.

historical value

Qingtianbairi flag was first used on the battlefield in Huizhou uprising in 1900. The uprising brought great glory to the flag. Huang Fu, the leader of the uprising, and Huang Yaoting, the pioneer of the uprising, led 200 people who were willing to die. They fought for more than 20 days in a row. They were invincible and defeated. They killed the Qing army with fear. Later, every time the qingtianbairi banner encountered a "crisis of trust", Sun Yat Sen used the glorious role of the flag in this campaign as an excuse to defend it. In 1905, the alliance was founded in Tokyo. Because the qingtianbairi flag had been used in the battlefield before, the revolutionaries thought it was easy to be regarded as a military flag, so it was necessary to formulate a real national flag. Since then, the blue sky and white flag and the three color flag have appeared on the battlefield for many times. Although the uprising has been unsuccessful, the two flags have attracted wide attention. These two banners were published in Nanyang's Zhongxing daily and Hong Kong's China Daily, which were called the new symbols of China and played a certain role in publicizing the revolution. in 1911, the revolution of 1911 broke out, and all provinces became "independent" one after another. Because there was no unified arrangement and deployment in advance, most of the local independence belonged to the independent behavior of the local old bureaucrats, constitutionalists or revolutionaries. Therefore, the unified flag was not used after the local independence. The first Wuchang revolutionary army used the iron blood 18 star flag, so it happened again when discussing the national flag later A heated debate. Sun Wenyi still insisted on using the tricolor flag as the national flag, but other factions believed that the original flag was designed and formulated by one party of the United League, which could not represent the will of the whole people. Moreover, when the goal of the anti Qing revolution had been achieved, the new goal should be "the Republic of the five nationalities". On December 4, 1911, at the general assembly of the Federation of republics, other factions unanimously demanded the use of the "five color flag". The revolutionaries again gave in and agreed to take the five color flag as the new national flag of China, while the blue sky and white sun flag advocated by Sun Yat sen became the Navy flag, and the iron blood 18 star flag became the army flag. Although the revolutionaries unanimously agreed on the decision to use the five color flag as the national flag, Sun Yat Sen was always reluctant to accept the decision. He believed that the blue sky and white sun flag "takes the great beauty of righteousness, China is a great power in the Far East, the sunrise is in the East, and the star is the best, showing that the light is shining on the righteousness of freedom and equality". Moreover, the flag has been through the battlefield for a long time, and has been stained by the blood of many martyrs, so it should not be changed. But Sun Yat Sen's insistence was futile. On May 10, 1912, the Beijing provisional government once again agreed to use the five color flag as the national flag of the Republic of China. Sun Yat Sen was distressed by the further decline of the status of qingtianbairi banner. After the Qing emperor abdicated and took office as president, Yuan Shikai constantly suppressed the revolutionaries. For this reason, Huang Xing and others led the second revolution, but it was too late to fight back. Yuan Shikai not only suppressed the second revolution, but also further deprived the revolutionaries of their power and gradually moved towards the monarchy. In order to launch a resolute struggle with Yuan Shikai, Sun Yat Sen went to Japan in 1914 to organize the Chinese revolutionary party, calling on the revolutionary forces to unite again and resolutely resist yuan's imperial behavior. Recalling the failure of the previous revolutionary struggle, sun thinks that the reason is that the revolutionary forces are not united enough, and the reason is that the revolutionary banner is not bright enough, changing from place to place. Therefore, it is very important to concentrate the forces on the issue of the revolutionary banner. Therefore, in Sun Yat Sen's "revolutionary strategy", the section "flag and uniform" is specially written, which stipulates that the red flag is the national flag, the red flag is the ground, the blue sky and the white flag is the chapter, and the chapter is in the top corner of the flag. It also stipulates that the original blue sky and the white flag is the party flag. On November 25, 1920, Sun Yat Sen reorganized the military government in Guangzhou and immediately announced that "the five color flag should be abolished and the red flag should be the national flag of the Republic of China.". But it didn't last long, and the flag was soon abolished by Chen Jiongming. On June 16, 1922, Chen Jiongming attacked Marshal Sun Yat Sen's mansion. Sun Yat Sen was expelled and left Shanghai. This flag was forgotten in the corner of history. In February 1923, Sun Yat Sen finally defeated Chen Jiongming. The first thing after sun came back was to hold a grand parade to confer the flag, so as to "restore" the status of "national flag" of red flag all over the land. After the Beijing coup, Feng Yuxiang, who was in trouble, invited Sun Yat Sen to go north to discuss the plan of peaceful nation building. Sun Yat Sen originally planned to go north via Hong Kong by "Yongfeng", but when the "Yongfeng" ship, which was full of "blue sky, white sun and red earth", was ready to land on the island, the British authorities in Hong Kong said that if the flag was hoisted, it would not be able to receive him with diplomatic etiquette. Sun Yat Sen angrily replied that if he could not fly the flag into Hong Kong, he would rather not go to Hong Kong. Sun Zhongshan originally went north for the great cause of reunification, but his trip to the North became Mr. Sun's last revolutionary journey. In July 1926, when the Northern Expedition began, the Northern Expedition troops quickly fought from the Pearl River basin to the Yangtze River Basin. The five color flag, which had been hung by the Northern Government for many years, was gradually replaced by the red flag. On April 12, 1927, Chiang Kai Shek launched the "April 12" counter revolutionary coup and announced the establishment of the Nanjing National Government on April 18. After the establishment of the government, in order to show his "orthodox" status, Chiang Kai Shek said that he would abide by Mr. Sun's will in exchange for other forces' support for him. Chiang announced that he would use the blue sky and white sky red flag as the national flag of the Nanjing National Government and the blue sky and white sun flag as the party flag. Wang Jingwei, who is still in Wuhan, also said that only this flag can truly show the revolutionary will and strength of the revolutionaries. After the "July 1 5" coup, Wang Jingwei also wantonly "suppressed the Communist Party" under the same banner. On December 291928, Zhang Xueliang announced that northeast China was willing to change its banner and accept the three people's principles. At this point, the red flag became the real "national flag" in the end. It was the national flag of the Republic of China (the national government) until Chiang Kai Shek's regime was defeated and fled to Taiwan. In March 1940, Wang Jingwei set up a puppet national government in Nanjing, and prepared to use the red flag as the puppet government's national flag. However, the Japanese imperialists did not agree to their request. Wang Jingwei had no choice but to add a piece of cloth above the original flag, which said "peaceful anti Communist founding of China" The slogan showed the ugly face of the Wang puppet regime, and the flag was also shamed.

Different opinions

In 1906, the revolutionaries specially convened a meeting to discuss the issue of the national flag. At the meeting, Liao Zhongkai proposed to use the big red flag with the word "well" as the national flag. Liao believed that "well flag" means "minefield", which means that the revolutionaries can let the people live a good life of "everyone has farmland to cultivate". Huang Xing also agreed with Liao's proposal, and thought that "this flag (qingtianbairi flag) is not beautiful in form, and it is similar to the Japanese sun flag, so it is suspected that Japan will merge with China". Others proposed to use five color flag, eighteen star flag and so on, but all the suggestions were rejected by Sun Yat Sen. Sun insisted that "this flag was invented by Lu Haodong, and the martyrs of Xingzhong society and the soldiers of Huizhou revolutionary army successively donated blood to this flag, which can not be left as a memorial." he also said, "what I saw and heard in Nanyang, tens of thousands of people entrusted to this flag, if you want to destroy this flag, you must first abandon it

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