devils in animal forms(niú tóu mǎ miàn)

devils in animal forms

Niutoumamian is based on the image of the soul charmer in Chinese traditional culture. According to the Tiecheng pili Sutra, when a pang was a man, because he was unfilial to his parents, he was an ox head in the underworld after his death and served as a yamen officer to patrol and search for escaped criminals. It is said that Buddhism had only ox head at first. When it was introduced into China, horse face was added because Chinese people emphasized symmetry and pairing. But there is also information that horse face, also known as horse face Luocha, also comes from Buddhism. However, I did not find that in Indian mythology there is a saying that horse face is a servant of Hades. In Tantric Buddhism, there is the image of "horse face Ming Wang", but it is a great God in Tantric Buddhism. It is said that it is the incarnation of Guanyin Bodhisattva, far away from the underworld official.

The theory of ox head and horse face spread among the Chinese people, and was later absorbed by Taoism and served as the subordinate of the king of hell and the judge. Few devils in animal forms are found in Buddhist temples, but are common in Taoist Town God's Temple, Dongyue Temple and Hades temple.

essential information

Explanation: Ni ú t ó um à mi à n is the ghost of superstition. The structure: a joint idiom usage: a joint; as the subject, object, and attribute; refers to people who are ferocious English: English: English: Ox-Head and horse-face-made demonsin has been Japanese: ox head (ox head) (ごごずごごずとhorse head (め〝めめ), and the metaphor is いいいいいいいおおおおお〺おお〺いおいおおいおおおおおおおit's not easy to find out

Detailed explanation

Superstitious legend of the two pawns, a head like cattle, a head like a horse. It refers to all kinds of ugly people.

source

Shi Daoyuan's Jingde Zhuandeng Lu (Volume 11) in Song Dynasty said: "Sakya is a gaoler with ox head, and his ancestor is a Mamian grandmother."

Examples

But often in a dream, or in the wake of a moment, a thrill, fear of the past ~, are overstocked, gathered around. Bing Xin's miscellany in the mountains

allusion

Niutou is also called aban and Afang. "The five bitter chapters and sentences classic" says: "the jailer's name is aban, with ox head and hands, two ox hoofs, strong mountain, holding iron hairpin." according to the Tiecheng pili Sutra, Niutou is "unfilial to his parents when he is a human being in the world, but a ghost and a pawn when he dies. In some Buddhist scriptures, niutouren are also called "fangluoren" to patrol and catch escaped prisoners. (the meaning of the text is misunderstood by the readers here. The Iron City mud plough Scripture is a Scripture about the situation of hell. The quotation here is "when I am a man in the world, I am unfilial to my parents; when I die, I am a ghost and a pawn; when I die, I am a cow, I am a human being". After reading the original Sutra, there is no such saying. It should be Niutou aban who, as a jailer, brings the sinner to the emperor and informs him of his crime. Those who are unfilial to their parents are sinners, not jailers. the original quotation is as follows: "Buddhist words. I see people in the world are unfilial to their parents. No matter what, Taoist priest is disrespectful to the elder. Don't be afraid of the county magistrate's prohibition. Those who are not afraid of present and future generations. No surprise, no fear. If the Cao people died, they went to the mud plough. Meet Yama. That is to go to the good and return to the evil. The name of the clay ploughman is Pang. He was about to go to hell. Talk by the mud plow. This man was unfilial to his parents in the world. No, it's not a Taoist. No respect for elders, no giving. Not afraid of the present and the future. Not afraid of county officials. " (Note: the mud plow is hell, and the side of the mud plow is the gaoler ngapang) the horse face is also called horse head Luocha. "Luocha" is evil ghost, so horse head Luocha is horse head ghost. The image is horse head and human body, and cow head is an old partner. The eighth volume of the Lengyan Sutra says that "the dead have the divine knowledge to see the great iron city, the fire snake, the fire dog, the tiger, the wolf, the lion, the ox headed jailer, the horse faced Rocha, and drive into the city with guns and spears to the infernal chamber." according to folklore, ox head and horse face are sometimes the minions of the king of hell and the judge. Sometimes they love to take advantage of others, sometimes they do things that violate the law and discipline, and sometimes they are very compassionate. These are also the images of human servants in feudal times. Ghosts and pawns, such as ox head, horse face and so on, came from folklore and were later absorbed by Taoism. They are not common in Buddhism, but they are often seen in Taoist temples.

legend

Niutoumamian used to be in charge of real power in the local government. Why did he become an arresting officer under Yama? There is also an interesting story. A long time ago, there was a member named MA in Fengdu City, who was a magnate with both wealth and power. Normally, he should be satisfied, but there is one thing he is always worried about, because he is in his sixties and married 11 "Pianfang" one after another, only one single child. No matter how you ask God to make a wish, you can't get it. Needless to say, Mr. Ma treats his only son Ma Yichun as the apple of his eye. But he was very worried that in case of misfortune, he would not only cut off the Ma family incense. And Wanguan family has no successor. For this reason, he was worried day and night, at a loss. Which material house leaks and meets the continuous rain at night. One day, Mr. Ma had breakfast and was ready to go out to prepare food and drink for his son to be 18 years old tomorrow. Coincidentally, just at this time, a gentleman with eight characters passed by the door, with a word in his mouth: "fortune teller, fortune teller!" When councillor Ma heard the shouting, he was so happy that he forgot all about going out. So he walked down the steps with a long shirt in his hand, and asked Mr. Bazi to sit in the room. After tea, Mr. Ma said sincerely, "Sir, please count my child's life, OK?" Mr. Ba Zi nodded and said, "yes, yes." Councillor Ma immediately reported the time of his son's birth. Mr. Ba Zi's fingers were bent to calculate. He was shocked and blurted out: "Oh, no!" However, in order to make it clear, he begged, "please don't worry, sir. Let's be frank." Mr. Ba Zi hesitated for a moment and said, "your young master's clothes and salary are good. Unfortunately, his longevity is too short. It's only 18 years!" Councillor Ma said "Ma Ya" and fainted to the ground. It took him a long time to wake up and look like the earth. Asked: "Sir, please think of every way to save my poor son!" Mr. Ba Zi thought for a while and said, "there is only one way for mortals. I don't know if they are willing to spend money." When Mr. Ma heard that there was still a way to think about it, he quickly said, "as long as you can save your son, even if you lose your family and property, you will not hesitate!" Mr. Ba Zi then told him: in the middle of the night tomorrow night, you will prepare a table of the most abundant food and wine, which will be packed in a food box, carried to the twelve steps in front of the "gate of hell" and given to the two chess players. However, you have to ask them three times in a row. Be patient and don't be impatient. Mr. Ma kept it in mind one by one. The next day, when he came to the designated place, he saw two people playing chess there. These two are not others. They are ox head and horse face. Councillor Ma did not dare to disturb them, so he had to kneel quietly, put his food box on his head and watched silently. When they finished playing a chess game, he carefully asked: "two gods, please have a meal before playing." The two men seemed to listen, not to speak, not to answer. Niu tou and Ma Mian are salivating at the sincerity of the man and the abundance of the delicacies in the box. Ma Mian said to Niu tou quietly: "brother Niu, we haven't had a meal yet, so let's have a good meal. It's hard for this man to show his heart. What do you think? " Niutou also had this idea for a long time, but it was inconvenient to speak. He nodded and said, "it's not too late to eat down the mountain." Having said that, it was like the wind rolling leaves. I ate all the food and was about to leave. When I saw the waiter kneeling on the ground, I asked, "do you have to ask for something for us?" Mr. Ma kowtowed and said, "I'm in a dilemma. Please help me." Then he burned a bunch of money. He was so sorry that he had to say, "what can I do for you! I have a long journey to go "Two gods, I have only one life son. My life is coming to an end. Please hold high your hand." What's your name "Ma Yichun." Niutou turned over judge Cui's "soul alluring order" and said, "brother Ma, it's not other people that we are going to capture. It's his son. It's just that the time hasn't come. I didn't expect that..." councillor Ma kowtowed repeatedly: "if you two gods can prolong his life, I'll thank you very much." Niutou said: "the law of Yin Cao is very strict. It's hard to deal with it." Councillor Ma was worried and had an idea. He turned to Ma and said, "I have a brother named Ma who is also in charge of the underworld. If you don't do it, I have to go to him." When Ma Mian heard this, he thought to himself, I know the hell from the king to the ghost, and there is no one but me. If this relative is me, but I haven't seen him, so I tentatively asked, "I'm Ma, too. Who's your elder brother?" Councillor Ma was surprised and said, "a villain has eyes but no eyes. It's hard to write two characters" Ma "in one stroke. Thank you, brother." Ma Mian said, "you said you were my brother. Why don't I remember?" "When you go to hell, you drink enchanting tea. You forget everything in the world. Where do you remember?" When Ma Mian thought about it, what he said was true. Now he ate his food again. If he didn't do it well, he exchanged a look. Niutou knows. In this case, let's make a human relationship and spend some change. So he went back to Cao while he was drunk. This matter is known by Yanluo emperor, send Bai Wuchang to find out personally, it is true. The emperor of Yama was so angry that he ordered the ox head and horse face to be taken to the hall. In order to kill yijingbai, he took 40 heavy responsibilities for each of them in front of the officials. Then he blew two more Yinfeng. Suddenly, the ox head and horse face returned to their original shape. Seeing that they were repentant, the emperor Yanluo reduced them to servitude and left them in the underworld as scoundrels.

Chinese PinYin : niú tóu mǎ miàn