ghoul(mō jīn xiào wèi)

ghoul

Mo Jin Xiao Wei is another name for a tomb robber in ancient China. According to historical records, MOJIN Xiaowei originated in the Three Kingdoms period at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. In order to make up for the shortage of military pay, Cao Cao set up military ranks such as general faqiu, Captain MOJIN, and so on. Therefore, we should be able to understand what archaeologists often call "Han tombs with ten rooms and nine empty rooms", and also appreciate the helplessness in their words of "Han Tombs archaeology depends on luck".

However, some controversies point out that the background of "calling on Yuzhou for Yuan Shao" is that Yuan Shao led his army to fight against Cao Cao. In order to make his division famous, Yuan Shao ordered Chen Lin to write this call for Cao Cao. Although Cao Cao did not firmly deny that he had sent people to dig tombs to enrich the military pay, historians often did not approve of the idea that he openly set up official posts and went to dig tombs in a big way.

interpretation

Mo Jin Xiao Wei: the title of an officer in ancient times was first set up by Cao Cao of the Three Kingdoms. Generally speaking, it was the director of the national tomb robbing office. In ancient times, it refers to those who dig tombs and steal property to pay for the army. Later, it mostly refers to tomb robbers. Source: Han Chen Lin's for yuan Shaoxi Yuzhou: "Cao also specially set up a general named Qiu Zhonglang to touch Jin Xiaowei, who had passed through the Jue Tu without any skeleton." Example: no less than he Shufa Qiu Zhonglang. It includes all the calligraphy of the previous dynasties, and searches the Yi chapters of the past dynasties. (the eighth chapter of Zui Xing Shi by Dong Lu Gu kuansheng in Ming Dynasty) network novel: Nao Jin Xiao Wei is a school highlighted in the contemporary Chinese network novel ghost blows the lamp. The protagonists of the story belong to the school.

origin

The tombs of the Western Han Dynasty (202-8 BC) in Mangdangshan, Yongcheng, are located in Mangdangshan, Yongcheng. Since Liu Wu, King Xiao of the Liang Dynasty in the Han Dynasty, nine kings, queens and ministers of the eight dynasties of the Liang kingdom were buried here. Liang Xiaowang is the grandson of Liu Bang, the son of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty, and the brother of emperor Jing. He enjoyed all his glory and wealth in his life, but he also has his own regrets. The biggest regret of Liang Xiaowang's life is that he didn't get the ninth five year plan. Since he could not realize his dream in this world, he planned to go to another world to fulfill his unfinished wish: to build a huge mausoleum so that he could live the emperor's life after his death. Liang Xiaowang tomb, Liang Xiaowang's wife: the tomb of Queen Li and others cut the mountain to make a corridor and pass through the mountain for collection. The project is vast and large-scale. It was formed 1300 years earlier than the Ming Tombs, and its construction scale is four times larger than that of the Ming Tombs. It is known as "the first mausoleum in the world" by Chinese and foreign archaeologists. In addition, the mausoleum is equipped with China's most primitive ice cellar and the earliest toilet. The tombs are carved into mountains on a large scale, and the murals of Han tombs are known as "Dunhuang before Dunhuang" by experts. the landmark Tomb of this group is the tomb of Liu Wu, King Xiao of Liang Dynasty. Liu Wu is the son of Emperor Wen and the younger brother of emperor Jing. He is 300 li away from home and is as rich as a country. Liu Wu's mausoleum is magnificent in shape and rich in burial. In any sense, Liu Wu is a tragic figure. Liang Xiaowang lived in the famous flourishing age of "the rule of culture and scenery" in Chinese history. To a certain extent, it is precisely because of his participation that there is a "rule of culture and scenery". But after all, "the rule of Wen Jing" is not "the rule of filial piety". Although Liang Xiaowang is extremely intelligent, his dream is doomed to fail to come true. His sorrow is that he has a father who is too capable and a brother who is just as great. They have enough ability to run the country well. Even with regret, as the son of Emperor Wen and the younger brother of emperor Jing, Liu Wu, King Xiaowang of Liang Dynasty, still enjoys more than ordinary preferential treatment. According to Zizhitongjian: "every time (King Xiao of Liang) entered the court, the envoys met the king at guanxia with Chengyu Sima. When they arrive, they are extremely lucky. When they enter, they will serve in the same chariot. When they leave, they will shoot in the forest. " What's the specification of the same car with Jingdi! it is said that empress dowager Dou's favorite son is Liang Xiaowang, and Emperor Jing also likes this capable younger brother very much, so empress dowager Dou, Emperor Jing and Liang Xiaowang's mother and son often eat and drink together. In 155 BC, mother and son were drinking together again. When they were drunk and their family relationship was in a state of turmoil, Emperor Jing couldn't help saying, "long live forever and pass it on to the king." Jingdi means to pass the throne of emperor to Liang Xiaowang after his death. Most of the time, the words on the wine market are just words. No one will take them seriously. Of course, Liang Xiaowang is not stupid enough to believe this sentence, but who doesn't like to hear good words? "Thank you. Although you know it's not the best word, you are happy in your heart. So is the Empress Dowager. " The only purpose is to let King Xiao die in peace. He didn't realize his dream of being an emperor until the end of his life. He regretted that he had made up for his death. Therefore, King Xiao built his own Mausoleum as luxurious as the emperor's mausoleum. the tomb of Liang Xiaowang is on the hillside of the South and east side of Bao'an mountain in Mangdangshan group, 20 meters away from the top of the mountain. The widest part in the South and north of Liang Xiao's tomb (from the north wall of the North ear room of the cloister to the south wall of the South ear room of the cloister) is 32.4 meters, and the highest part is 3 meters, with a total area of about 650 square meters and a total volume of about 1367 cubic meters. The whole tomb consists of a passage, a corridor, a main chamber, an ambulatory, more than 10 side chambers, an ear chamber, a corner chamber and a drainage system. There are corridors around the main room, and the eastern end of the corridor is connected with the main room. The four corners of the cloister have ear chambers of the same size. There are cross street, yinmaquan and heishuihe in the corridor. It's easy to get lost when you walk between the cloister and the rooms. It's said that some people couldn't walk out of the tomb for a few days after entering the tomb of King Xiao of Liang. different from the tombs of other Liang kings, there is a huge building in front of the tomb of Liang Xiaowang in Han Dynasty. These buildings were built to offer sacrifices to the tomb owner and were managed by special personnel. According to the rules at that time, only the mausoleum of the emperor was qualified to build a dormitory garden. Of course, the reason why the tomb of King Liang Xiao had a sleeping garden was that he could never forget his imperial dream. since the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, there have been mausoleums built behind the mausoleums. Generally speaking, the cemetery is the epitome of the palace city. In the early Han Dynasty, the mausoleum garden was located in the mausoleum, near the mausoleum. It belongs to the main ritual architecture of the mausoleum, also known as the mausoleum. The dormitory garden is mainly used for sacrifice. most of the mausoleums are built with huge stones after the mountains are cut, but this is not the case with Liang Xiao's tomb. The tomb of King Xiao of Liang Dynasty "cuts the mountain to make the outline and passes through the stone to hide". The vast project, unique structure and symmetrical layout are rare. after thousands of years of ups and downs, if you look at the tomb of King Liang Xiao in modern times, you can still see the magnificent style of that year. Liang Xiaowang's dormitory garden is basically well preserved. It is 100 meters long from north to South and 50 meters wide from east to west, covering an area of about 5000 square meters. The main building site is composed of vestibule, screen wall, main hall, accessory room, patio, bedroom, kitchen and so on. On the periphery of the building site is a corridor with eaves on one side, and on the outside is a circle of dormitory walls. The base of the dormitory garden is made of bluestone, and there are bluestone steps in the front and back of the main hall. The whole base site is covered with fragments of rope pattern tiles, simple tiles and some cirrus pattern tiles. The ridge mold of some of the tiles in the middle of the foundation is printed with the word "Xiaoyuan", which indicates that it was specially made for the construction of King Xiaowang's dormitory garden in Liang Dynasty. In a word, the tomb of King Liang Xiao is a large stone cliff tomb which was excavated earlier. It is composed of a passage, a corridor, a doorway, a main room, a toilet and an ambulatory. It was built according to the tomb specifications of the emperor of Han Dynasty. With the main chamber as the center, the tomb passage and corridor as the central axis, Liang Xiaowang's tomb used the traditional Chinese overground architectural layout for the underground. This shows that the craftsmen at that time had mastered several advanced production technologies: first, they accumulated rich experience in quarrying; second, the drainage facilities were very reasonable, which showed that they had enough understanding of the direction of mountains and the flow direction of mountains and rivers; third, the tombs were symmetrical in North and South, and the four walls of each tomb were vertical and the corners were right angles, which showed that the craftsmen had advanced surveying and mapping technology And measuring tools. among the ancient tombs excavated at present in China, the dormitory garden buildings belonging to the rank of princes and princes are very rare. The discovery of the building site of King Liang Xiao's tomb is of great value to the study of the architectural layout of ancient palaces. It is said that Cao Cao sent troops to steal the tomb of King Liang. In the early days of the Three Kingdoms, Cao Cao's sphere of influence was still very small. Sometimes, the city has not had time to rest, it has been replaced by a new owner. It's not a new thing that the territory is "in the morning and in the evening". No one knows how long they can occupy the occupied territory. As a result, the city was often looted. Under such circumstances, it is difficult for the army to achieve the goal of recuperation. Because of the Warlord's scuffle, Cao Cao's army could not rest for a long time, and the displaced farmers could not wait for the autumn harvest. It's like a pot of rice just made, but it turns into someone else's plate in the twinkling of an eye. As a result, raising military salaries in a short period of time became a prerequisite for the princes to fight everywhere. In order to solve the problem of his own food and pay, Yuan Shao said in his address that Cao Cao focused on the ancient business of tomb robbery. However, this kind of unreasonable speculation has no factual basis at all. Cao Cao's army is short of food and salaries. Is the food and salaries of other warlords changed out of thin air? Why is it that only Cao Cao needs to steal tombs, while Yuan Shao, whose military territory is several times the size of Cao Cao, or other warlords with similar strength, do not? Cao Cao's solution to the problem of food shortage is to carry out the system of garrison, rather than the impractical method of robbing tombs. as we all know, in the middle of the Western Han Dynasty, after the reign of Wen Jing, the social productive forces were brought into full play, and the prosperity of the economy made the thick burial popular. This also provided conditions for the rumor that Cao Cao stole tombs, dug tombs and stole gold and silver to pay for his army. The rumor that "faqiu Zhonglang general" and "MOJIN Xiaowei" were specialized in tomb raiding came into being. Lu Xun once said, "Cao Cao set up staff like" MOJIN Xiaowei "to specially rob tombs.". At that time, the only record of this was Yuan Shao's famous men and women

Chinese PinYin : mō jīn xiào wèi