A good teacher makes a good student(míng shī chū gāo tú)

A good teacher makes a good student

It is very appropriate to use "outstanding teachers produce excellent students" to describe the phenomenon of "teacher apprentice effect" in the Nobel Prize arena. This paper summarizes the basic types of Nobel Prize winners, and then analyzes the reasons.

abstract

An important phenomenon in the history of scientific development is the role of teachers in the rise of talent chain and talent groups. In the history of the Nobel Prize for natural science, this kind of role of learning from others is particularly obvious.

Related investigation

According to the survey of Professor h. Zuckerman of Columbia University, 48 of the 92 American scientists who won the Nobel Prize in physics, chemistry, physiology and medicine before 1972 were students, postdoctoral students or assistants of the former Nobel Prize winners. The average age of 92 American winners is 51 years old, but it can not be ignored that the average age of those who are guided by Nobel Prize winners is 7.2 years younger than those who are not. In other words, the award should be awarded seven years earlier. It is self-evident that "seven years" is such a concept and what it means to everyone.

Basic types

On the basic types of the famous teachers in the Nobel Prize Arena

Chain type

Chain type is divided into short chain type and long chain type. classic examples of short chain are: Nobel Laureate in chemistry in 1907, bishner, who studied under Adolf Bayer and was taught by a famous German organic chemistry expert who entered the Nobel palace two years earlier than him. in the history of the Nobel Prize, there are many "talent chains" in which teachers and apprentices inherit each other for four or five generations, which is a long chain. For example, German chemist Oswald, who won the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1909, trained his own physical chemist Walter Nernst (who won the prize in 1920). After winning the prize, Nernst successively helped to train American physicist Robert Milligan (who won the prize in 1923); when Milligan entered the California Institute of Technology, he accepted Carl Anderson (who won the prize in 1936) ）For his students; and then Anderson vigorously promoted and enthusiastically guided Donald grassy (winning the prize in 1960). This Nobel Prize book has lasted for more than half a century.

Radial

It is divided into weak radiation and strong radiation. Rabbi, Schrodinger, Debye, Zaire and Anders all trained two winners respectively, which belongs to the weak radiation type. Let's talk about the strong radiation type. For example, Enrico Fermi, the father of the invention of artificial radiation energy, has cultivated six winners for the United States, and has contributed to the whole of America. E. O. Lawrence and N. Bohr cultivated four, Nernst and melhoff cultivated three, respectively. What's remarkable is that two professors, J.J. Thomson and E. Rutherford, from the Cavendish Institute of Cambridge University, have cultivated 17 multi-national winners between two generations. Li Bi Xi's position as the leader of the Wulin is not boastful. Many of his disciples, grandchildren and great grandchildren are winners.

Focusing

This is mainly to say that one winner worships more than one famous teacher. Rufix. Brock has four award-winning mentors. Heisenberg is the founder of modern quantum mechanics. He was taught by the famous physicist Sophie at the University of Munich at the age of 19, and received his doctorate at the age of 22. Later, he went to Gottingen University for further study and engaged in research under the guidance of famous physicists Marx born and Nils Bohr (both of whom are Nobel Prize winners in Physics). It is under the guidance of these first-class masters that he has become a great thinker and researcher. At the age of 24, he founded quantum mechanics. At the age of 26, he became a university professor and director of the Institute of physics. At the age of 31, he won the Nobel Prize for physics. (1937 Nobel Prize winner in chemistry, Walter horvory, was recognized as a famous professor in European chemistry when he was less than 30 years old, thanks to the careful guidance of his two tutors. One is Parkin, a famous chemist at Owens University in Manchester; the other is Professor Wallach (winner of the chemistry prize in 1910), a famous researcher at University of Gottingen.

reason

The reason why a famous teacher is a great apprentice in the Nobel Prize arena the right of permanent recommendation in stegoer's Prize speech, the economist Paul Samuelson said the following paragraph seriously and humorously: "how can we win the Nobel Prize? I can tell you this method. One of the conditions is to have a great mentor. So I went to the University of Chicago and Harvard, where I could teach a lot of great economists Nobel Prize winners have the permanent qualification to recommend and nominate Nobel Prize candidates. Therefore, they have great influence on the selection of excellent talents among their disciples. external cause has become the mentor of the Nobel Prize winner, who can give better training to his disciples, and also can better teach them the most advanced knowledge in his research field. at the same time, it can also make the disciples contact with many people, or sometimes get praise from some colleagues in public, so that the disciples can be in a favorable position to be inspired and easy to stand out. famous teachers can give full play to the advantages and strengths of their disciples in cooperative research, and often lead their disciples' functional model to a level that their own strength can not reach. "It's like when a novice tennis player is playing against a tennis champion, you seem to have played a service that you never dreamed of. He heard some important reports from you, and then he got the answer ten minutes later. " a famous teacher is an eye-catching banner that attracts disciples to catch up and surpass. The ability of a famous teacher provides a model to match. a famous teacher doesn't necessarily produce an excellent student, but with a famous teacher, it's easier to produce an excellent student. internal cause this is the most basic reason. In fact, in the final analysis, the most important thing to grow up is to rely on one's own intelligence and diligence. If you don't have the ability, you won't be selected by famous teachers, and those who are selected by famous teachers may not win the Nobel Prize. In 1936, when he was an undergraduate at the City University of New York, 18-year-old Schwinger had the opportunity to go to Columbia with a friend who wanted to transfer to the Physics Department of Columbia University. Rabbi talked and asked questions about the two young people. It turned out that it was not the sponsor of the visit, but that Schwinger was selected by Rabbi. Rabbi found that although Schwinger was young, he had extraordinary rich knowledge of physics, and more importantly, he had mathematical thinking ability and mathematical processing skills. In 1965, Schwinger won the Nobel Prize in physics. A famous teacher is a good student. What do famous teachers rely on to become famous? It is my profound knowledge, superb teaching art and charming personality. The so-called "famous teacher produces excellent apprentice" is to emphasize the specific practice of teachers' own intelligence, basic skills, cultivation, level and moral character in education and teaching. The combination of teachers' internal skills and students' learning activities turns out to be the outstanding progress of students, bringing up a large number of outstanding students. If we take the standard of "only teachers who can't teach, no students who can't teach" to measure, the teachers who are famous teachers are worthy of being called "famous teachers". A good apprentice makes a good teacher. That's true. Teachers' fame does not depend entirely on their own skills and abilities, but on many "high..." the saying that "a famous teacher is a good apprentice" has always been recognized by people. It is rich in philosophy and enlightens people so much that it is hard to explain. There are many reasons why a famous teacher is a good student. Master himself has profound knowledge and excellent ability, which is a prerequisite, we must pay attention to teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, have a unique teaching experience, and have a good life experience. The apprentice himself should have good physical quality, which is the basic guarantee of learning skills well. He should have the spirit of perseverance and enterprising, and also have a certain talent. These two aspects, like the most basic characteristics of socialist society, are closely linked and indispensable. If we break away from these two requirements, there will be no "master" or "master". Wang Xizhi, a famous calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, is one of the most outstanding calligraphers in the history of our country. His calligraphy not only has its unique style, but also really reaches the realm of dragon flying and Phoenix dancing. He is quick witted and knowledgeable. He integrates all kinds of calligraphies and eventually becomes a well-known master of calligraphy. His apprentice, his son Wang Xianzhi, is also well-known in Chinese history. Wang Xianzhi had a strong nature and excellent intelligence. Therefore, under the guidance of his father, he practiced calligraphy diligently. Even though he was very cold, he did not stop until he finished writing 20 jars of ink. He really learned calligraphy well and surpassed his father Wang Xizhi, so he became famous all over the world. Leonardo da Vinci, the world famous master of painting. When he first joined in frochio, frochio did not teach him how to create works, but asked him to draw eggs. Those who don't know the truth will mistakenly think that frochio is incompetent and just prevaricates. But experts will admire frochio when they see him. Da Vinci and Da Vinci were naturally impatient with drawing eggs day after day. At this time, frochio told him the real meaning of drawing eggs. Don't the success of Da Vinci and Da Vinci show the importance of a good teacher and the key to a good apprentice? there are many examples of famous teachers producing excellent students. Although they all lead the way, they all prove that there are many reasons why famous teachers produce excellent students, which is undeniable.

Domestic films

essential information

Synopsis

Chinese PinYin : míng shī chū gāo tú