crossing the sea under camouflage(mán tiān guò hǎi)

crossing the sea under camouflage

Hiding from heaven and crossing the sea: it means hiding from heaven and crossing the sea secretly. It is a metaphor for hiding one's true intention from others and acting secretly with lies and disguises. In the Qing Dynasty, Wu Mingshi incorporated "hiding the truth from heaven and crossing the sea" into his thirty six stratagems, which was regarded as the first stratagem of the thirty six stratagems. The stratagem of "concealing heaven and crossing the sea" has long been used by people in ancient times, and the formation of the word "concealing heaven and crossing the sea" may be related to the story that Xue Rengui designed Taizong to cross the sea in "a brief introduction of Xue Rengui's expedition to Liao" written by an unknown person in the early Yuan Dynasty. The first use of this word should be no later than the end of Ming Dynasty.

The source of the stratagem

The stratagem of "hiding the truth from the world and crossing the sea" has long been used by people in ancient times. For example, in the spring and Autumn period, Qi Jiang and Hu Yan made a plan to intoxicate Chong Er, the son of Jin, and send him away from Qi (see Zuozhuan); in the Sui Dynasty, he ruobi, the general of Sui Dynasty, changed his defense for many times to paralyze the enemy. Finally, when the enemy was not on guard, he commanded the army to attack and conquer Southern Xuzhou of Chen state (see biography of he ruobi of Sui Dynasty). The formation of the word "hiding from heaven and crossing the sea" may be related to the story that Xue Rengui designed to let Tang Taizong cross the sea in "a brief introduction of Xue Rengui's expedition to Liao" written by an unknown person in the early Yuan Dynasty. The first use of the word "hide from the sky and cross the sea" was not later than in Ruan Dacheng's "swallow note · purchase luck" in the late Ming Dynasty: "I'm the most famous person for raising and controlling, but no one asked. This year's big time is coming again. I only need to earn a few copper coins to support ah Zheng. " As the name of "thirty six stratagems", hiding the sky and crossing the sea originated from "thirty six stratagems" written by Wu Mingshi in Qing Dynasty.

Basic concepts

introduce

"Thirty six strategies" (the first set of strategies to win the war) the first strategy is to deceive the world. The term "thirty six stratagems" was written before the year when the book was written. Its etymology can be traced back to tan Daoji, a general of the Song Dynasty in the Southern Dynasty? In 643 AD), according to the biography of Wang Jingze in the book of the Southern Qi Dynasty, "the Thirty-six Strategies of Tan Gong are the best. Your father and son should only listen." It means that the defeat is certain and irreparable. Only to retreat is the best policy. In Song Dynasty Huihong's lengzhai Yehua: "thirty six stratagems, walking is the best stratagem." At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, more people quoted it. So people with a heart collected books and compiled "thirty six stratagems". However, it is difficult to know when and who wrote this book.

original text

If you are prepared for the Zhou Dynasty, you will be lazy. Yin is in Yang, not in the opposite of Yang. The sun, the sun.

notes

① Prepare for the week is lazy: very well prepared, often easy to let people slack, weaken combat. (2) Yin is in Yang, not in the opposite of Yang: Yin and yang are the basic points of traditional Chinese philosophy and cultural thought, which are shrouded in the universe and dust, and affect all fields of ideology. The theory of yin and Yang regards all things in the universe as the unity of opposites, showing a simple dialectical thought. Yin and Yang appeared in oracle bone inscriptions and bronze inscriptions as early as possible. However, as Yin and Yang, the theory of yin and Yang was first advocated by Lao Tzu, the ancestor of Taoism in the state of Chu, not in the book of changes. In this plan, Yin refers to confidentiality and concealment; Yang refers to openness and exposure. Yin is in Yang, not in the opposite of Yang. In the art of war, the secret is often hidden in the open things, not in the opposite of the open things. (3) sun and Taiyin: it is said that Fuxi integrated eight kinds of figures with Yin and Yang, namely eight trigrams. King Wen of Zhou deduced it into 64 hexagrams. Yin and yang are involved in a wide range of military affairs. Whether it is weather such as cloudy, sunny, rainy and snowy, or geographical forms such as mountains, rivers and lakes, or strategic tactics such as offensive and defensive advance and retreat, it can be divided into the relative relationship of yin and Yang. Generally speaking, softness, darkness, hindsight, strangeness and deficiency are Yin, while rigidity, brightness, forethought, rightness and excess are Yang. Yang in Yin and Yin in Yang can be transformed into each other. When Yang develops to the extreme, it must be transformed into Yin, and when Yin develops to the extreme, it must be transformed into Yang.

translation

If you are well prepared, it is easy to let people relax; if you see people and things often, it will not cause suspicion. The secret is hidden in the open, not in opposition to the open form. Very public things often contain very confidential things.

Notes

Conspiracy should not be done in secret. Stealing in the middle of the night, killing people in the back lane, doing stupid and vulgar things, not by the counselors. In the past, Kong Rong was besieged. 4. Tai Shici broke through the encirclement and asked for help. 5. Open the door out, the appearance of the people in the circle and scared. Cijing led the horse to the lower moat of the city, and plant the shoot that he held. After shooting, he returned it. Tomorrow, the people around you will get up or lie down. If it is, it will never come back. So he was strict with his food production, and whipped his horse straight out of its enclosure. When he felt better than the enemy, he galloped away for several miles.

notes

① You can't do it behind your back: behind your back, when no one is around. The secret, the secret. It can't be carried out behind one's back or in a hidden place. (2) foolish and vulgar behavior: stupid, stupid. Vulgar, vulgar, vulgar. This is stupid and vulgar behavior. (3) Counselor: a man of wisdom. (4) Kong Rong was besieged: Kong Rong was the Prime Minister of Beihai in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. The encirclement of Kong Rong refers to the fact that Kong Rong was surrounded by the yellow scarf army when he was the Prime Minister of Beihai. (5) Tai Shici: a man of both wisdom and courage in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Zeng was ordered by his mother to rescue Kong Rong, who was besieged by the yellow scarf army. (D ì of 6): here refers to the target. plant: here refers to set up. 8 ratio: the solution of "wait until" here.

Translation of notes

Secret strategies should not be carried out behind one's back or in hidden places. Stealing in the dark and killing in a secluded alley are all stupid and vulgar behaviors, which are disdained by real resourceful people. In the past, when Kong Rong was surrounded, Tai Shici tried to break through the encirclement and rescue, so he rode on his horse, took his whip, took his bow and arrow, and led two knights as his followers. He asked the knights to open the city gate and go out with an arrow target. (at this time) the garrison inside the city and the encircling soldiers outside the city were surprised! But Tai Shici and others led the horse into the moat under the city, set up a target and practiced archery there. After practicing archery, they went back to the city. The next day, as usual, some of the besieged soldiers lay down and some stood watching, looking less surprised. After practicing for several days, the soldiers who besieged the city lay on the ground one by one and didn't even bother to watch. At this time, Tai Shici (think the time has come), then dressed up, fed, whipped his horse, straight out of the encirclement. By the time the enemy soldiers woke up, he was miles away.

Source of works

"Hide the sky and cross the sea" is selected from "thirty six stratagems" or "thirty six stratagems", which refers to the thirty-six military strategies in ancient China. The language originated from the northern and Southern Dynasties and was written in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is a Book of war based on the excellent military thought and rich struggle experience in ancient China. It is one of the long cultural heritages of the Chinese nation. the original book is divided into six sets according to its title, namely, victory plan, enemy plan, attack plan, melee plan, merge plan and defeat plan. The first three sets are used for advantages, and the last three sets are used for disadvantages. Each set contains six pieces, a total of 36 pieces. The explanation after the name of each plan is based on the change of yin and Yang in the book of changes and the transformation of the antagonistic relations between the ancient strategists, such as hardness and softness, Qi Zheng, attack and defense, self, virtual reality, subject and object, which contains the elements of simple military dialectics. The notes after the explanation mostly cite the war cases before the Song Dynasty and the brilliant sentences of Sun Wu, Wu Qi, Wei Liaozi and other strategists. There are also general remarks and postscripts in the book. Thirty six stratagems are the summary of ancient Chinese strategists' stratagems and the precious heritage of military strategy. In order to facilitate people to memorize these thirty-six stratagems, a scholar composed a poem in order: Jin Yu Tan Gong CE, in order to catch robbers, fish and snakes laughing in the sea, sheep, tiger, peach and mulberry separated, trees dark away, empty cauldron, beautiful corpses on the roof, attacking Wei Lian and Guo.

Related allusions

Xue Rengui coaxed the emperor to cross the sea On the North Road, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty had 300 thousand soldiers. Zhang Shigui was ordered to take the Songting pass. Passing by Liaodong, the emperor sighed: "Liaohe River, five thousand miles west to Chang'an." The emperor has a heart of regret. A few days later, when he arrived at Xiazhai on the coast, the emperor saw the boundless sea, looked at Koryo on the East, and lived thousands of miles across the sea? Regret not accept Fang Du's words. Emperor Xuan, the general manager of all roads, went to the yuzhai and asked about the plan of the sea. Jingde said: "ask Zhang Shigui." The emperor asked Zhang Shigui, "do you have a plan?" Shi GUI said: "I should think about it." All the managers are scattered. Shi GUI returned to the village and asked Liu Jun'an to discuss it: "the emperor asked me about the plan of the sea, and Jing De embarrassed me with his words. If not, what can we do? " Jun'an said, "if you ask for benevolence, there must be intrigue." The scholar asked Ren GUI to come to the account and said, "the former is the Duke of pingliao, and the emperor is very happy. If you have the skill of breaking the arrow in battle, you should give it a heavy reward. Emperor xuanzhu officials into the Royal Village, asked the sea plan. I should think about the silence of the generals. Don't you have the skill to teach 300000 troops to cross the sea? " When Ren GUI asked, he crossed his hand and said, "tell the general manager: today, I'm only worried about the sea, and it's hard to recruit Korea. Benevolent use a plan, teach thousands of miles of sea water, only the future is not half a bit. Up to Taizong, down to the pawn, such as climbing the plains, safely across the sea. What do you think? " Zhang Shigui leaned down and left his seat. He went down to the tent and took the hand of Rengui, saying: "I will lead you to the imperial village to see the emperor, and speak slowly." Benevolence whispers in the ear, and scholars are very happy. When the generals came to see the emperor, Taizong asked if there was any plan for the sea. The courtier said, "there is a rich man who lives near the sea and has come to see you. It's said that 300, 000 tons of Navy food is provided by this family alone. " The emperor was overjoyed. He asked the old man for his words. The emperor led the officials to the seaside

Chinese PinYin : mán tiān guò hǎi