rake up the past(jiù shì zhòng tí)

Morning and evening

The synonym "reminiscence of the past" (the old name of Lu Xun's "chaohuaxishi") generally refers to "chaohuaxishi" (collection of Lu Xun's essays). The original name of "reminiscence of the past" is a collection of essays by Lu Xun, a modern writer. It contains 10 pieces of reminiscent essays written by Lu Xun in 1926. It was published by Beijing Weiming society in 1928 and is now included in Volume 2 of "complete works of Lu Xun".

As a "memoir of recollection", this collection reflects Lu Xun's life in his youth from many aspects, and vividly reflects the formation of his character and interest. The first seven chapters reflect his childhood life in his family and private school in Shaoxing. The last three chapters describe his experience of going from his hometown to Nanjing, studying in Japan, and then returning to teach. They expose all kinds of ugly and unreasonable phenomena in semi feudal and semi colonial society, and at the same time reflect the difficulties of aspiring young intellectuals in searching for light in the vast darkness of old China It also expresses the author's nostalgia for his relatives, friends and teachers in the past.

The anthology is mainly based on recording events, full of strong Lyric atmosphere, and often mixed with comments, so as to achieve the integration of lyric, narrative and comments, beautiful and harmonious, simple and moving. The work is full of poetic and picturesque, and sometimes interspersed with humor and allegory; vivid, clear style, strong appeal.

content validity

primary coverage

In Zhaohuaxishi, the author Lu Xun uses the method of narration and discussion, taking the life experience of his youth as the clue, vividly describes his life experience from the countryside to the town, from the family to the society, from home to abroad, expresses his nostalgia for his relatives, friends and teachers in the past, and also ridicules and criticizes the old forces and culture.

Brief introduction

(1) dog, cat and mouse describes the reasons for the author's hatred of cats. It takes the type of "cat" and satirizes people who are similar to cats in life. (2) a Chang and the classic of mountains and seas describes the scene of the author getting along with a Chang when he was a child, expressing his nostalgia and gratitude for her. (3) the painting of 24 filial piety focuses on the strong antipathy caused by reading the two stories of "Lao Lai entertaining his family" and "Guo Ju burying his son", reveals the hypocrisy and cruelty of feudal filial piety, and reveals the poor and miserable situation of children in old China. (4) the Wukuang meeting, with the background of catching up with the meeting, describes the feudal system's bondage and destruction of children's nature. (5) impermanence expresses the Chinese people's despair in the dark society and indignation at the injustice of the world in the old times by describing the incident of impermanence saving people and being beaten by others. (6) from BaiCaoYuan to Sanwei Bookstore describes the author's childhood fun in BaiCaoYuan and his strict but enjoyable life in Sanwei bookstore, revealing the sharp contradiction between children's broad interest in life and the feudal school education that bound children's nature. (7) father's disease focuses on recalling the scene of treating his father's illness as a child, describing the attitude, style, prescription and other manifestations of several "famous doctors", revealing the essence of these people's witch doctors' indifference, mystification, extortion of money and carelessness of human life. (8) suoji recalls that Mrs. Yan, who was ostensibly kind to the children next door, was actually secretly bad, and describes her as a selfish, treacherous and evil-minded woman. (9) Mr. Fujino records the author's study and life in Japan and the reasons why he decided to abandon medicine and literature, expressing his deep nostalgia for Mr. Fujino. (10) fan AI Nong describes fan AI Nong's dissatisfaction with the old society and pursuit of revolution before the revolution, and his persecution after the revolution of 1911, which shows his disappointment in the old democratic revolution and his sympathy and mourning for this upright and stubborn patriot.

Catalogue of works

Creative background

In 1925, when Lu Xun was a lecturer in Beijing University, he was attacked and excluded by the so-called "gentleman" for supporting the student movement. In 1926, the Northern Warlord government shot and killed progressive students, creating the "March 18th" tragedy. Lu Xun, the author, wrote a series of articles in memory of Liu hezhenjun. He enthusiastically supported the students' just struggle and accused the Northern Warlord government of its cruelty. As a result, he was wanted by the authorities and had to leave Xiamen for refuge. Although the works in Zhaohuaxishi are all reminiscent of the past, they are also alluding to and satirizing the social reality at that time. < UL > < li > writing time < / Li > < / UL > chaohuaxishi was written from February to November 1926, with a total of 10 articles. The first five articles were written in Beijing, and the last five articles were written in Xiamen. They were successively published in the semimonthly issue of mangyuan, with the total title of "reminiscence". When the collection was completed in May 1927, it was renamed chaohuaxishi, and made a little quotation. In July, it also wrote postscript, which was printed by Beijing Weiming society in 1928.

Personage introduction

< UL > < li > a Chang < sub > < I > from a Chang and the classic of mountains and seas < / I > < / sub > < / Li > < / UL > a Chang was Lu Xun's babysitter when she was a child. She didn't sleep well, liked to observe carefully, and trampled on Lu Xun's favorite covert mouse, which made Lu Xun tired of her. But when her sincere and kind side showed, such as the classic of mountains and seas, Lu Xun couldn't help paying homage to her And gratitude. A Chang is a typical rural working woman in feudal society. She is strong, hardworking, sincere and kind. < UL > < li > father < sub > < I > comes from the five rampant societies < / I > < / sub > < / Li > < / UL > in the five rampant societies, Lu Xun's image of "father" seems to be inhumane and out of touch with reality, mainly for the purpose of expressing the theme. The father used his children's playful nature to force them to approve, which made them suffer a lot and left a psychological shadow, thus revealing the suppression and destruction of the feudal patriarchal system on children's nature. < UL > < li > Mr. Fujino < sub > < I > from Mr. Fujino < / I > < / sub > < / Li > < / UL > Mr. Fujino was a highly respected teacher during Lu Xun's study in Japan. He is slovenly but rigorous in his studies. He was honest, enthusiastic and concerned about Lu Xun's study, which was in sharp contrast to the contemptuous attitude of Japanese students towards Chinese students at that time. These noble qualities have always inspired Lu Xun to go forward bravely. < UL > < li > fan Ainong < sub > < I > from fan Ainong < / I > < / sub > < / Li > < / UL > fan Ainong was the image representative of a group of small intellectuals who were full of patriotic feelings in the society at that time. Their ups and downs were closely linked with the development of the times. They experienced the psychological process of dissatisfaction with the dark, expectation of revolution and disappointment of revolution. Social persecution and life embarrassment forced them into the world Desperate.

Appreciation of works

subject

The ten essays in chaohuaxishi outline some social life styles from the late Qing Dynasty to the revolution of 1911. They are pictures of the world and customs. Although it is a reminiscent prose, it has realistic struggle and profound ideology, which contains the author's deep thinking about history and persistent attitude towards reality. Its ideological content is mainly manifested in the following aspects: (1) it has a strong anti feudal thought and a critical awareness of feudal education, feudal morality and feudal die hards. Twenty four pictures of filial piety reveals the hypocrisy, ugliness and cruelty of feudal filial piety; from BaiCaoYuan to sanweishuwu and wuranhui denounce the feudal educational system, educational contents and educational methods for the restraint, suppression and destruction of children's lively and lovely nature; Wuchang uses the satirical technique of strange tales from a lonely studio to expose that there is no fair judgment in the world In his father's disease, he strongly denounced those quack doctors who extorted money and neglected people's lives; in suoji, he depicted the "miasma" in Westernization studies; and in Mr. Fujino, he sketched the shameless and ignorant foreign students in Qing Dynasty. (2) show respect and nostalgia for relatives, friends and teachers. Through the recollection of the life fragments of his youth, the author narrates the touching deeds of some characters he came into contact with, and creates a number of vivid characters, such as Chang Ma, tengye, fan Ainong, etc., praising their excellent qualities and showing deep nostalgia for them. The eldest mother in a Chang and the classic of mountains and seas is a warm, simple, kind-hearted working woman who gives great care to Lu Xun when he was young. The author truly describes that the eldest mother was poisoned by feudal ideology for a long time, so "I really don't admire her.". The full text is "kind and dark earth mother, may her soul be forever in your arms." It expresses the author's deep nostalgia for the elder mother. In Mr. Fujino, yanjiulang Fujino lives casually and casually, but he is rigorous in his academic research and has no national prejudice against the author studying in Japan. He gives sincere help and guidance, which makes the author unforgettable all his life. The work introduces Mr. Fujino's detailed process of revising the handout for the author. It was this noble Japanese teacher who encouraged Lu Xun to fight tenaciously with the bourgeois literati and made him a great standard bearer on the ideological and cultural front. Fan AI Nong in fan AI Nong is a patriotic intellectual with stubborn character, aloofness and a sense of justice. Lu Xun and fan Ainong met when they were studying in Japan, and they had a fierce quarrel. The reason is that the revolutionaries Xu Xilin and Qiu Jin were killed by the reactionary government. Zhejiang students studying in Japan held a fellow townspeople's meeting and disagreed on whether to generate electricity for the Beijing government and denounce the Manchu Qing government's no man way. Lu Xun advocated power generation and denounced it

Chinese PinYin : jiù shì zhòng tí